personal record
Victor hugo, a great French romantic writer.
Hugo was born in Besancon, the capital of eastern France near Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon. Hugo was stationed in Spain with his father when he was a child. /kloc-went back to Paris to study at the age of 0/0, graduated from high school and went to law school, but his interest was writing. At the age of 65,438+05, he won the prize in the Poetry Competition of the French Academy; at the age of 65,438+07, he won the first prize in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition"; at the age of 20, he published a collection of poems "Ode to Poetry", which won the Louis Stanislas Xavier Prize for praising the restoration of Bourbon, and later he wrote a lot of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and plays, as well as several novels with distinctive characteristics, and carried out his thoughts.
184 1 Hugo was elected as an academician of the French Academy, and 1845 became a member of the Senate. 1848 After the February Revolution, he served as the representative of the Republic of * *. 18565438, Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte proclaimed himself, Hugo rose up and was forced into exile. During his exile, he wrote the following.
1870 After the French bloodless revolution overthrew Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, Hugo returned to Paris. Hugo wrote all his life, involving all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative thinking is the closest to modern thinking. After his death, France mourned and was buried in the "Pantheon" where French celebrities gathered to commemorate the card.
Victor Hugo
Hugo's most legendary romantic story in France is that he met the 26-year-old actress Juliet Derouet at the age of 30 and fell in love with her. No matter whether they were together or apart, Hugo wrote her a love letter every day until she died at the age of 75. In the past 50 years, Hugo wrote nearly 20,000 letters without interruption. The leading idea that runs through Hugo's life activities and creation is humanitarianism-opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love.
Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary comments and political articles in his life, and was an influential figure in France.
Hugo's creative history is more than 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 79 volumes of plays 12 and 2 volumes of philosophical papers1,which adds a brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. His representative works include: Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables, Marine Labors, Smiling Man, 1993, and Light and Shadow. There is also a letter to Captain Butler about the Anglo-French Allied Expedition to China, and the short story Death in Normandy.
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The life of the character
Hugo 1802 was born in Besancon in the east of France. My grandfather was a carpenter and my father was an American army officer. He was once killed by Napoleon's brother, King Joseph of Spain. Bonaparte was awarded the rank of general and was trusted by the king.
Hugo is very talented and smart. At the age of 9, he began to write poems. Go back to Paris to study at the age of 65,438+00. After graduating from high school, he entered law school, but his interest was writing. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he wrote Reading Music at the French Academy, which was rewarded by the French Academy. 17 years old, won the first prize of "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems, Poetry and Fu. Later, he was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poems, plays and plays. He created a large number of novels with distinctive features and practiced his thoughts.
1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It greatly promoted the development of French romantic literature.
Victor Hugo
From 65438 to 0830, Hugo's play Onani was staged in the Grand Theatre of the French Academy, which had a great influence and established the leading position of romanticism in French literature.
Onani tells the story of a robber from Spain, Onani, who rebelled against the king in the16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and aristocratic temperament, showing a strong anti-feudal tendency.
1830 In July, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who died in the street fighting.
Notre Dame de Paris, published in 183 1, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is bizarre, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.
The story happened in the Middle Ages. On April Fool's Day, wandering gypsy artists performed songs and dances in the square. A gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted passers-by. She dances beautifully.
At this moment, Claude frollo, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, suddenly fell in love with the beautiful Melada. His heart was burning with the fire of desire and he fell madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell ringer, ugly quasimodo, to take Esmeralda away. As a result, Forbis, the captain of the French king's bow and arrow, saved Esmeralda and captured quasimodo. He took the bell ringer to the square and whipped him. The kind gypsy girl let bygones be bygones, but she gave quasimodo water to drink. This move made the ugly man very moved. Tears welled up in his dry eyes for the first time.
The bell ringer is ugly in appearance, but pure and noble in heart. He was very grateful to Esmeralda and repaid her in the later development of the story. Naive Esmeralda fell in love with Phobos at first sight. When they were dating, frollo followed them quietly. Out of jealousy, he stabbed Phobos with a knife and ran away. Esmeralda was accused of being a "witch" and a "murderer" by the long-hated church, and Esmeralda was forced to plead guilty and was sentenced to death. Quasimodo took Esmeralda out from under the gallows and hid it in Notre Dame. The poet Gan Guo Wa lured the beggars who saved Esmeralda to fight against quasimodo. When frollo found Esmeralda, he expressed his love to her again. After being rejected, he handed her over to the king's army and Esmera was hanged. Desperate for the loss of Esmera, quasimodo pushed the archbishop off the roof of a tall building and fell to his death. I hugged Esmeralda's body until it weathered.
Victor Hugo
The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, and also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower classes.
In fact, from the full text, compared with the captain of the guard and the ungrateful poet who played with Esmeralda's feelings, Claude frollo, the vice bishop who has always appeared as the biggest villain, loved Esmeralda truly, but because of his position, he finally went to extremes in pain, which is also the author's strong criticism of the "abstinence" of medieval feudal ethics.
After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. In the July dynasty, Hugo was constantly being wooed. 184 1 year, Hugo was elected to the French bachelor's college. 1845, Louis Philippe made him a French aristocrat and became a member of the French House of Lords. Hugo's enthusiasm for struggle in creation has weakened. 1843, he wrote a mysterious play "garrison officer", which was booed by the audience and failed. Hugo was silent for nearly 10 years without writing.
1848 In June, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Hugo didn't understand the revolution at first, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the Republic, Hugo became a staunch pacifist. 185 1 year 65438+ February, Louis? Bonaparte staged a coup, and Hugo took part in the anti-coup uprising organized by * * * and party member. Louis? After Bonaparte came to power, the Second Empire of France was established. He pursued a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was persecuted and had to go into exile.
During his exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle with Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and poems and lashed out at Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's dictatorship. During this period, he published the novels Les Miserables, Marine Laborers and Smiling Man.
Les Miserables is Hugo's masterpiece. The plot of the novel is roughly like this: Jean Valjean, a poor worker from a peasant background, once saw his sister's child crying with hunger and went to steal bread. Unfortunately, he was caught and sentenced to five years in prison. He escaped from prison many times, was arrested and sentenced to 14 years in prison. As a result, he spent 19 years in prison for a piece of bread. After he got out of prison, Jean Valjean was looked down upon everywhere, with no job and no food. He vowed to take revenge on society. At this time, a bishop named Bienru influenced him, and he was determined to do good and be a good person.
He changed his name to Madeleine, set up a factory in a city and became a rich man. He provides jobs for the poor and gives them food and houses. He was always ready to help others and was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, a girl named Fantine came to the city. She is a rural girl who went to work in the city and was cheated into giving birth to a daughter. She gave her daughter Cosette to an innkeeper for foster care, who was a villain and took the opportunity to blackmail her. Fantine was forced to sell her beautiful hair and teeth and become a prostitute. Finally, she was poor and ill. When Jean Valjean heard this, he immediately took care of her and promised to raise his daughter Cosette after her death. At this time, the police Javert was chasing Jean Valjean, a convict who had been missing for many years. In Madeleine, he arrested a poor worker, thinking that he was Jean Valjean, and was going to send him to prison. In order to save innocent workers, Jean Valjean stepped forward and voluntarily admitted his identity. He fell into the hands of the police again. On the way to the prison, he managed to escape.
Jean Valjean immediately found Cosette and hid her in a secluded monastery. Over the years, Cosette has grown into a beautiful girl who fell in love with Marius, a Republican. 1832, an uprising led by the party broke out in Paris and was brutally suppressed by the July dynasty. Marius was seriously injured, and Jean Valjean risked his life to save him from the sewer. At this time, Javert sneaked into the rebel army for reconnaissance, was caught and sentenced to death. Jean Valjean executed the order and shot Javert, but Jean Valjean let Javert go. Javert was ashamed of Jean Valjean's noble personality and committed suicide by throwing himself into the river.
Cosette married Marius, and the young man was very happy. Jean Valjean left a lonely life, and finally he died in Cosette's arms.
Les Miserables exposes the sharp contradiction and disparity between the rich and the poor in capitalist society, describes the painful fate of the lower class, and puts forward three problems that need to be solved urgently in society at that time: "Poverty makes men poor, hunger makes women degenerate, and darkness makes children weak", and lashes out at the hypocrisy of bourgeois laws. It fully reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the19th century. Therefore, the novel is welcomed by people all over the world. In the 20th century, it was adapted into a film for many times, which also attracted countless audiences.
1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, after France was defeated in Sedan, the Prussian army pushed Paris. At the critical moment of national peril, Hugo returned to the motherland after 19 years in exile. He made speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German aggressors and defend the motherland. He also bought two cannons with the reward of his work and reading poems, which showed his lofty patriotism.
When the Paris Commune revolted, Hugo didn't understand the revolution. However, when the commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the commune members, Hugo angrily condemned the cruelty of the reactionaries. He called for the pardon of all commune members and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, Belgium would be used as a refuge for exiled members. To this end, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs, and he almost died, but he still held his ground.
The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 190 1 year, but Hugo died in 1885, so despite his high literary achievements, he still missed the Nobel Prize.
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well-known saying
The widest ocean in the world, the sky wider than the ocean, and the human mind wider than the sky.
The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor.
On top of the absolutely correct revolution, there is absolutely correct humanism.
People's wisdom holds three keys, one is to open numbers, the other is to open letters and the other is to open notes. Knowledge, thoughts and fantasies are all in it.
What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength.
Boldness is the price of progress.
You should believe that you are a strong person in life.
The road to art is full of thorns, which is also a good thing. Ordinary people are timid, except those who are strong-willed
Whoever wastes his life, his youth will fade, and life will abandon them.
Laughter, like sunshine, drives away the winter on people's faces.
It is better to refuse frankly than to agree reluctantly.
It is the human heart that releases infinite light, and it is also the human heart that creates boundless darkness.
Books are tools to cultivate the mind.
People can only live by material things; One must have ideals to talk about life.
Where the steps cannot be reached, the eyes can reach them; Where the eyes cannot reach, the spirit can fly.
One more school can save a prison.
Life is a smile.
Man has two ears, one hears the voice of God and the other hears the voice of the devil.
I would rather rely on my own strength to explore the future than seek the favor of the powerful.
The first hunger of mankind is ignorance.
The noblest revenge is forgiveness.
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Chronicle of events
1802 was born in Besancon in the east of France on February 26th.
18 19 co-founded the conservative literary biweekly with the romantic poet Winnie the Pooh and others. Publish the first poem in a journal.
1822 compiled the first collection of poems, poems and miscellaneous poems. Marry Edna at St. Supes Cathedral.
1825 was awarded the medal of honor to attend the coronation ceremony of Charles X.
1827 published Cromwell and the famous romantic manifesto, and became the leader of the romantic movement.
183 1 year completed the romantic literary masterpiece and novel Notre Dame de Paris (that is, the hunchback of Notre Dame de Paris).
184 1 was elected to the French Academy in and publicly expressed his support for constitutional monarchy.
1843, the script Les Burgraves failed, and his daughter Leo Paulding died unexpectedly, so he stopped his new work and turned to politics.
/kloc-became a nobleman in 0/845 and was named Count Hugo.
1848 set up a major event magazine.
He was arrested and imprisoned on 1850, and Hugo fled Paris under the pseudonym of Wen Lan.
185 1 year, louis bonaparte launched a coup to declare monarchy, and Hugo was forced into exile.
1853 published a collection of poems full of ironic political meanings.
1862, he published the immortal social novel Les Miserables.
Hugo's wife Edna died in 1868.
1870, the third government was established, ending 19 years of exile and returning to Paris.
187 1 was elected as a representative of the national assembly.
Hugo 1876 was elected senator.
1883, the third volume of the century legend is completed.
1May 22, 885, died in Paris. /kloc-in June, 2000, Hugo's coffin was placed under the Arc de Triomphe for all the people to see and buried in the Great Man Cemetery in Paris.
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Main work
1827: Cromwell (script)
1829: Oriental (Poetry)
1830: El Nani (script)
183 1: Notre-Dame Cathedal (novel)
1838: Ruybras (script)
1853: Poetry
1856: Meditation (Poetry)
1862: Les Miserables (novel)
1869: men's quick words (novel)
1859-1883: The Legend of Siecles (Poetry)
1874: quart-Wingate-Treize (novel)
Film stills
Film stills
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Personality assessment
Hugo kept pace with the times all his life. He is an important writer in the history of French literature, the leader of the active romantic literary movement in the early19th century, and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature. The leading thought that runs through his life activities and creation is humanitarianism, opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love. His creative period is more than 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 79 volumes of drama 12 and 2 volumes of philosophical works, adding a brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He worshipped chateaubriand, an early French romantic writer, since he was a child. Cromwell and preface (1827) were published in 1827. The preface is called the manifesto of the French Romantic Drama Movement, and it is an extremely important literary work of Hugo. 1830, he wrote the first romantic drama El Nani according to the theory in the preface, and its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism.
It is particularly worth mentioning that in 186 1 year, Hugo was filled with indignation when he learned that the British and French invaders had set fire to Yuanmingyuan. He righteously wrote: "The French Empire got half of the stolen goods from this victory, and now it is naive as if it is the real master, showing the glory of the plundering of Yuanmingyuan. I hope that one day France can get rid of the heavy burden, clear its guilt and return this wealth to the plundered China. "
1885 On May 22nd, victor hugo, a great French national poet and famous novelist, died in Paris. /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, the French people and people all over the world have always remembered this great French cultural pioneer. Hugo's immortal masterpieces, such as Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables and 93, have been loved by the broad masses of the people so far.
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well-known saying
1. The ocean is the widest in the world, the sky is wider than the ocean, and the human mind is wider than the sky.
The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor.
3. On top of the absolutely correct revolution, there is absolutely correct humanitarianism.
Man's wisdom holds three keys, one is to open numbers, the other is to open letters and the other is to open notes. Knowledge, thoughts and fantasies are all in it.
What this world lacks is perseverance, not strength.
6. Boldness is the price of progress.
7. You should believe that you are a strong person in life.
8. There are many thorns on the avenue of art, which is also a good thing. Ordinary people are timid, except those who are strong-willed
9. People who waste their time, their youth will fade and life will abandon them.
10, laughter is like sunshine, driving away the winter on people's faces.
1 1. It is better to refuse frankly than to agree reluctantly.
12, it is the human heart that releases infinite light and creates infinite darkness.
13. Books are tools to cultivate the soul.
14, people can only survive with material; One must have ideals to talk about life.
15, where the steps can't be reached, the eyes can reach them; Where the eyes cannot reach, the spirit can fly.
16. One more school can save a prison.
Life is a smile.
18, people's two ears, one hears the voice of God and the other hears the voice of the devil.
19, I'd rather open the future on my own than seek the favor of powerful people.
20. The first hunger of mankind is ignorance.