Keywords: Li He; Poetry; Content theme; Artistic feature
Li He was a unique poet with long words in the middle Tang Dynasty. Born in Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong for six years, he died in Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong for eleven years at the age of 27. During his short life, Li He, as the grandson of the King of Tang Dynasty, witnessed the chaos of state affairs and the decline of the country. In addition, the official career is not smooth, and there are bumps. As a result, he worked hard, created his own road and created his own face. The response was mixed, leaving more than 240 poems for later generations, which had a great influence. Li He greatly enriched the creative system of China's ancient poetry, and successfully promoted another climax of the development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty to a certain extent.
The theme of the content is the soul and body of poetry. Having profound ideological content is a necessary condition for all excellent poems. There is no doubt that Li He's poems are excellent: creating poems with life, excavating life with poems, melancholy, deep and full of personality, and it is a song of life that truly belongs to the "Dragon Auspicious Style".
The content theme of suppressing depression and sympathizing with others.
The Tang Dynasty was an era of advocating family history. Li He's family is a faint royal lineage, and poets attach great importance to their aristocratic status, often calling themselves "the prince and grandson of the Tang Dynasty", "the grandson of the emperor" and "grandchildren". But the prosperity of our ancestors more than 200 years ago has long since ceased to exist. The haze of reality, the decline of family wealth and the mire of official career have dealt a heavy blow to the weak will and physique of the lonely "precious son" Li He. As a combination of poetic genius and morbid deformed children, Li He has a lovely personality, and his feelings are better than his reason. Faced with the cruel reality, he is powerless to be detached. Reality is hopeless, he only has poetry. Poetry is the key to Li He's life. He is trying to run an imaginary paradise, and he has supported a huge poetry system with his fragile body and mind.
It is the core content of Li He's poems to tell that he is not talented enough and pity others. "Frustrated at the age of twenty, I'm as worried as a withered orchid." "Where can I chase a hero when my king solves his sword?" "If you are lost, you can't recruit a hero, and the rooster crows." "The clouds in the pot can't open, and Wan Li is idle and lonely in the daytime." My heart is withered, I can't chase heroes everywhere, I can't get lost, I can't clear the clouds ... These are the cries of Li He, the cries of frustration and frustration. He truly engraved his feelings in his poems, vigorously explored the depths of his soul, touched the pain that others dared not admit, and fully exposed the desires hidden in his subconscious. This is Li He.
Due to the disappointment and despair of reality, Li He turned to another fictional world. In his works, immortals and ghosts abound: "The osmanthus tree in the Jade Palace is still in bloom, and my concubine wears a tassel when picking incense", "Qin Fei blinds the window in the north, and plants a little phoenix in front of the window", "Pink lotus-silk skirt, and the Green Island is stepping up its efforts to pick up lanchun", all of which are beautiful. Dilute the pain of reality with the happiness of fantasy, which Li He is good at using. However, fantasy is just fantasy after all. Once disillusioned and awakened from his dream, the poet Li He will only suffer deeper pain. When the autumn wind blows off a tung leaf, he will suddenly feel thrilling, and a few hairs on his head will also bring him uncontrollable hatred. "Autumn grave ghosts sing Bao poetry, and they hate blood for thousands of years." "The torch welcomes newcomers, and fireflies bother you." This is a true record of Li He's panic. Fiction, truth, joy and pain, the tension formed by two extreme thoughts, are tearing the aging nerves of the poet before he is old. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are beautiful or ghostly scenes in Li He's poems. It must be noted that Li He is keen on the description of immortals, ghosts and gods and cemeteries, precisely because he can't stand another form of expression and liberation of the reality turn. In the final analysis, the illusion of ghosts and gods is also a true portrayal of the author's anguish and compassion.
It is also the theme of Li He's poems to look directly at the sufferings of the people and denounce the tyranny of the rulers. Typical representatives such as "The Old Lady Picks Jade Songs", "Wild Goose Gate's Taishouxing" and "Fierce Tiger's Walking". "Jade mining, jade mining, a lewd step. I'm worried about the hungry dragon. Blue Creek is not innocent. The rain eats seeds at night, and the cuckoo is full of blood and tears. The water of the blue stream hates strangers, and the stream is hated for thousands of years. The wind and rain are whistling on the sloping mountain cypress, and the rope is hanging at the foot of the spring. The village is cold and white, the baby is arrogant, and the ancient stone platform hangs grass. " By profoundly describing the miserable life and feelings of jade miners, the author sympathizes with the people and reflects the darkness; On the other hand, vaguely, it is not difficult for readers to see that what the author wants to express in his works is actually a tragic "jade picker".
He is a jade digger in the spiritual world.
In addition, Li He's poems also show other aspects, such as feasting and singing. (Not discussed for the time being)
Leng Yan, dark and magnificent artistic features.
"The cloud is connected with the cloud, which is not enough for its state; The distance of water is not enough for its feelings; The angel of spring is not enough for its harmony; Autumn is bright and clean, which is not enough for it; Courage is not enough; It is not ancient to seal the tripod with a tile coffin; Beautiful women, color alone is not enough; It is not enough to be angry and sad because of desolate temples and rugged mountain ridges; Whales suck and throw, and ghosts are not ridiculous. " This is Du Mu's overall evaluation of the artistic features of Li He's poems.
Art is an important carrier and support of poetry. In Li He's poems, the author thinks that artistic features play a more important role than content themes. The artistic features of Leng Yan, gloom and grandeur are the creative features of Li He's poems, which is also one of the key reasons for the wide spread of Li He's poems.
Strange rise. Li He was deeply influenced by the folk songs of Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Han Yuefu, looking for exotic flowers and grasses, and created a strange poetic world with rich imagination. In Li He's works, the sun makes a glassy sound, shining stars float on the Milky Way, flowing clouds learn the sound of running water on the ground, moonlight can be the tears of toads and rabbits, and clouds in the sky can be beautiful buildings. "Remembering your tears like lead water" and "If there is love in the sky, the sky will grow old" are ingenious, wonderful and unique, and breathtaking.
Leng Yan, darkness. Li He's poems are symbols of depression. In the colorful style, the author injected more cool tones and dark tones. The frequent use of "death", "illness", "old age", "ghost" and "snake" creates a shocking, deformed and strange atmosphere, which is cold-carved, gloomy and cool: "How sad Nanshan is, the ghost rain scatters the grass", "The centenarian owl smiles and rises in the nest of blue fire" and "Alas, the sad suburb of osmanthus trees. Even when describing natural beauty, Li He likes to describe withered flowers: "Lotus in the pearl pond dies of cold" and "Birds sing and hang under the moon", and the poet endows thousands of scenery with a decadent and desolate face.
That's great. The magnificence of poetry is mainly reflected in the description of language. In the use of language, Li Heli avoids dullness and pursues surprise and preciseness in rich colors. Refined words and sentences are vivid and distinctive. He makes good use of synaesthesia to connect things with feelings and feelings. For example, the red sun is smiling red, cold red, old red and falling red, the dew is weeping dew, the wind is tongfeng and sour wind, the rain is fragrant rain, the bones are hating bones and the blood is god. In addition, Li He also attaches great importance to the creativity of language, chooses words and makes sentences, and tries to avoid making sentences and creating new words. For example, wine is amber, sword is Yulong, Tianhe is called Yunpu, Pu Yin, Biepu and Tianjiang, beauty is called "Lady Jin", armor is called "Golden Scale", wildfire is called "Cuizhu" and Chang 'e is called "Fairy Jump" ... All these new languages gave birth to him.
Leng Yan is strange, dark and magnificent, which is the artistic realm painstakingly created by the poet Li He.
"Jade building will be in a trance in the sky. The legacy of the world has become dust. " The era in which Li He lived has long been a point in history. However, no matter how the past becomes a memory, people will never forget Li He, let alone his poems. Perhaps, the unique content and outstanding art are the possibility and inevitability that Li He's poems can have a long history and be endless.