How to Infiltrate Ideological and Moral Education in Chinese Teaching in Primary Schools

Yao Laodian Town Heart School Huang Deshi [Abstract] Nowadays, the whole society calls for quality education, and implementing quality education has become the only way for Chinese reform, and moral education infiltration is an important task for Chinese quality education. Therefore, moral education must be reflected in primary school Chinese. Cultivate students' friendly thoughts, enterprising spirit, collectivism and patriotism. According to my own teaching practice and experience, I will talk about some specific methods on how to combine virtue with teaching in Chinese text teaching and composition teaching respectively. [Keywords:] Moral Education Infiltrates Moral Education "New Curriculum Standard" points out: "Primary school Chinese is an important basic subject in compulsory education, which is not only instrumental, but also ideological. Teaching this subject well and acquiring new knowledge is of great significance for implementing the educational policy, promoting the vivid development of students in all aspects of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, cultivating socialist citizens with ideals, morality and discipline, and improving the quality of the people. " [1] According to this requirement, we must attach great importance to the moral education infiltration of Chinese in primary schools. Chinese in primary schools is different from other subjects, and it is closely related to moral education. There used to be a textbook of Chinese and ideological morality in the lower grades of primary school. Therefore, although the genre, theme and style are different, the texts selected in Chinese textbooks must be organically unified in ideological content and language form, especially the teaching content based on literary works, which shows the special advantages of moral education (there are many new curriculum textbooks) and inspires students with vivid images and vivid language. Choose literary works with both literary quality and beauty in Chinese class, and some depict selfless, lofty and upright characters; Some describe the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and show natural beauty; There are ancient and modern poems that express the beauty of language and music, the beauty of words and architecture, the beauty of poetry and rhythm ... These texts all reflect the inner beauty of the works in different ways and are full of simple aesthetic feeling. "Poetry expresses ambition, and words speak for the heart" [2] This is the way of communication and publicity of every literary work and every exquisite masterpiece, which embodies the author's painstaking efforts, persistently expresses the author's pursuit of life, conveys the author's joys and sorrows, and embodies all aspects of human emotions. This kind of function is intuitive, vivid and holistic, which has a far-reaching influence on students. Students learn these texts, on the one hand, feel the beauty of the motherland's language and writing, thus stimulating their thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland's language and writing and Chinese excellent culture, on the other hand, they also have emotional experiences associated with specific moral images. There are many Chinese class hours and long teaching time. Students are exposed to the ideological texts in textbooks almost every day and are subtly educated. Its educational function is incomparable to other disciplines. Primary school students are in the forming period of long body, long knowledge and long moral quality, which has great plasticity. In the meantime, it is appropriate to give him corresponding ideological and moral education. Therefore, it is particularly important to infiltrate moral education into Chinese teaching in primary schools. So, how to put morality into practice? First, finding the best "combination point" of ideological and moral education is the most common in Chinese teaching in primary schools. How to infiltrate moral education into the text? I think there are three main aspects. (1) Infiltrate ideological education in language and writing training. In spoken Chinese and reading texts, ideological education and language and writing training should be integrated. Without language, there is no ideological content, and there is no language that lacks ideological content. They complement each other and promote each other. Therefore, a large number of beautiful and thoughtful articles have been selected in primary school Chinese textbooks. These articles use vivid language to create various concrete images, or express the author's thoughts and feelings, or reflect noble moral sentiments. Therefore, to guide students to read the text, we should start with the words, words and sentences of the text and inspire students to taste how the author skillfully chooses words and makes sentences. By this means, students can feel the specific plot in the text, feel as if they saw the person, heard the voice, and felt the scene, so that vivid images are deeply imprinted in students' minds, thus being subtly educated in their thoughts and feelings. For example, the first paragraph of Prime Minister Shili describes the tragic scene of people waiting anxiously for Premier Zhou's hearse on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue. "A grandmother with silver hair, with her hands on crutches and her back against ... a young couple ... they squeezed out of the sidewalk and looked around ... a group of red scarves with tears on their faces, holding each other's shoulders and tiptoeing ..." [3] In this teaching, teachers can grasp sentences closely related to the central idea and give necessary guidance. For example, reclining, leaning back, squeezing, exploring, and standing on tiptoe, which not only improves students' Chinese ability, but also exerts the educational infection function of the text. Let students be educated by proletarian revolutionaries who love the older generation. Another example is "When Wang Jiwen wakes up ..." [4] In Trilateral, the soldiers' high sense of revolutionary responsibility and deep friendship of sharing life and death, caring for each other and helping each other are highlighted, so that students are educated in patriotism. (2) What the body thinks and feels in repeated reading. The ancients said: "The husband who writes an article is emotional and resigned to his fate. The viewer wears an article and goes for the source, although he can express his heart." [5] In other words, the author has absorbed certain ideological content in life before writing the article, so the article must be full of the author's thoughts and feelings, or love, or hate, or sadness, or joy. The process of guiding students to read aloud is to help students understand the text correctly and profoundly, and to guide students to read aloud repeatedly with rhythm and emotion. The thoughts and feelings revealed by the author between the lines are easy to produce * * * sounds for students, which can deeply infect students and cultivate their thoughts and sentiments. For example, in Song of the Sea [6], there are three sentences: 1. In front of my eyes are blue sky, white clouds, blue sea and the sun rising from the east. 2. The waves splashing from the bow are singing cheerful songs. 3. Our own oil rig, I seem to hear the sea singing a new song. The first sentence describes four kinds of scenery. Blue, white, green and red constitute a colorful and beautiful landscape painting, which shows how happy the author is. Therefore, students should be instructed to read the author's happy feelings in a beautiful tone when reading aloud. The second sentence is that the waves are singing How can waves sing? In fact, the author sang happily in his heart after seeing the prosperity of the harbor. Here, students can be guided to read aloud in a cheerful tone, as if singing in their hearts; The "we" in the third sentence refers to China, saying that there was no oil drilling ship in China before, and now our country can build it by itself. This sentence is to express the author's joy and praise the new achievements of socialist construction through Song of the Sea. Here, teachers can guide students to read in a passionate tone and express their pride. Through reading, students can appreciate beautiful sentences on the one hand, and receive ideological education consciously on the other. (3) Connecting with students' reality and deepening ideological education In Chinese classroom, teachers should rely on teaching materials, adhere to positive inspiration and induction, let students connect with their own reality, and on the basis of understanding students' thoughts and feelings, talk about their inner feelings and inspire each other, thus further being influenced and infected by the text thoughts. For example, in the lesson "My Brother", teachers can guide students to compare with "radish head" in combination with students' real life. "Radish head eats leftovers, lives in a dark and humid prison, wears clothes that can't be worn out, and writes with a pen that can't be shorter. What about you? " [7] Let students think about what life was like when they were as big as radish head, so as to sympathize with radish head's inhuman life in prison since childhood, arouse students' hatred of Kuomintang reactionaries, be educated to have lofty ideals, cherish today's happy life, study hard, and gradually turn it into their own actions. Second, moral education in composition teaching permeates "teachers, so preach, teach and dispel doubts" [8] Moral education is not only a task in ancient poetry and reading teaching, but also an important part of Chinese class-moral education in composition class can not be ignored. The central task of composition teaching is to cultivate students' habit and ability of observing, analyzing and understanding things, and to train students to use or write language and certain rules and skills to weave and reproduce things. In the process of observing, feeling, analyzing things and writing articles, students will inevitably arouse all kinds of thoughts and feelings, and produce and express certain opinions or comments on what they have written. It can be seen that composition teaching should also assume the responsibility of moral education for students. (1) Carry out practical activities to infiltrate moral education and stimulate writing students to participate in various activities, but most of them enjoy the fun. Teachers should not pay attention to observing the process of activities and understanding the relationship between human beings and ecological balance, but should pay attention to guiding students to observe and discover the characteristics of things in an orderly way, so as to write touching articles. Children are all only children, do not like to participate in housework, and are spoiled by their elders at home. It is necessary to cultivate their labor concept and self-care ability, learn to understand, understand and respect others, and take writing training as the driving force to carry out a series of activities in a planned way. For example, in the classroom, organize activities such as handing in children, and first guide students to learn to cooperate with others in the process of labor, so as to do things well. Through this activity, students can not only experience the hard work and fun of doing housework, but also understand and understand their parents' hard work and cultivate their labor concept. You can also organize students to observe the changes of surrounding scenery in the wild all year round, cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving nature, and then write what they have seen and heard in combination with their own feelings. You can also organize students to perform fairy tales that love nature, for example, what should we do if I am XX (Little Flowers, Grass and Small Trees) and encounter the phenomenon of not caring for the environment? Write vivid and touching imaginary compositions, so that students can write compositions through activities and get education through composition training, thus achieving the purpose of educating people. (2) Infiltrating moral education and promoting the development of writing ethics through evaluation is a process of improving people's spiritual life as a whole, so the evaluation of it should also pay attention to the extremely harmonious aspects of knowledge, emotion, will and behavior. In the teaching process, teachers should be good at creating moral situations, allowing students to feel and experience independently in situations, forming their own moral understanding through communication with classmates, taking students to situations, feeling the joys and sorrows of the subject of situations, learning to be ashamed, sympathetic and pitying, cultivating a kind heart and an immortal conscience. The pursuit of self-improvement and transcendence, such as evaluating other people's articles, can be analyzed and evaluated from the aspects of the writing order of the articles, as well as the structure and condemnation sentences of the articles, so that everyone can be infected from the good words and sentences written by others, and more importantly, guide students to evaluate and analyze the author's purpose, such as what does the article praise? Praise what? Tell us what? Ask students to stimulate their writing desire by evaluating other people's good articles. You can use your interest in other people's articles to influence yourself, such as overcoming anger with sadness, thinking with sadness, thinking with anger, thinking with fear, winning with patience and winning with joy. In fact, cultivating students' ability to evaluate and correct compositions is to cultivate students' ability to distinguish right from wrong. It may be difficult for primary school students to correct their compositions, but teachers can give them proper guidance. No matter whether an article is well written or not, it always reflects the author's views on something and someone. Therefore, in a sense, commenting on an article is also a process of commenting on the moral quality of primary school students. Through mutual evaluation and mutual transformation, students' minds are cultivated in mutual communication and their thoughts are sublimated in mutual enlightenment. Therefore, in composition teaching, we should pay attention to let students be influenced by good moral quality, subtly strengthen the effect of moral education, stimulate students' positive spirit, urge students to develop good moral quality and civilized behavior, and truly "write as it is". Generally speaking, as an educator, we should understand that the task of education is not simply to spread ready-made knowledge, but to pay attention to the exploration of human potential and infiltrate moral education in Chinese teaching. Teachers should use teaching materials reasonably, find another way, give full play to the characteristics of the subject, integrate ideological education into Chinese teaching, and go deep into students' hearts silently.