Ancient poetry and prose have no metrical restrictions (especially ancient prose) and can be created freely.
But Song Ci is not. Song Ci is used to "sing". Every Song Ci has a specific "epigraph". The epigraph is music (pure music), and the literati fill in the lyrics according to the rhyme of music. The "word" of Song Ci is the lyrics of every song. However, due to the long history, the method of playing music (epigraph) has been lost, leaving only the lyrics of each music, which is called "word" in literature.
Because "Ci" is written according to music, each word is based on different "epigrams" and has different restrictions on the number of words, fluency, rhyme and so on, unlike ancient poetry and ancient prose, which can be written at will.
(But later, because many great writers also wrote lyrics, they respected their names and loved their literary colors, so there was a situation in which lyrics came first and then new songs were written according to the lyrics. )
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In fact, there are some differences between ancient poetry and Song poetry in content and style.
The ancients paid attention to morality, and "poetry" is the style of literati's lyric notes, so in content, it is gorgeous and elegant, solemn and implicit.
However, Song Ci was originally a poem full of sound and emotion, with the theme of singing and dancing pavilions, so its style was not as solemn as poetry and prose, and it paid more attention to lingering and meaningful, so there was a saying that poetry had charm in literature.
2. Regarding ancient prose, the poem "The View of Ancient Prose" (recommended by Yuelu Academy)
Three hundred Tang Poems (optional, if the foundation is not very good, you can buy a book with rich annotations)
Selected works of famous artists in Tang and Song Dynasties (recommended by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House)
The above three books are the best reading materials for ancient Chinese literature and poetry. You must be familiar with them. If you write well, you can recite them. After that, your knowledge of ancient Chinese will be solid.
Look only at the notes of ancient Chinese, not at the translation. Generally speaking, there is no standard for translation, and the so-called translation is actually the general idea of the article.
The dictionary should be turned over more, because there will be more rare words in ancient Chinese, and you will be familiar with them after reading more.
When reading ancient Chinese, don't stick to grammar, because the flexible use of parts of speech and inverted sentences are common, as long as you understand the meaning.
We can start with relatively simple articles and read some difficult articles step by step, such as articles from Tang and Song Dynasties to pre-Qin Dynasties, and from ancient vernacular to ancient Chinese.
Good poems should be read and read. "Reading a book a hundred times is self-evident." It can also help to feel the cadence of Chinese and the beauty of ancient Chinese, especially poetry and music.
3. There are 50 hot sentences in the main ancient Chinese poems in junior high school. (2) Don't be happy for things, don't be sad for yourself.
(Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower) It is full of simple heat and its back is burning. (Bai Juyi's "The View of Cutting Wheat") The mountains are flat and primitive, and the rivers meander in the wilderness.
(Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river falls in yen. After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold (The Embattled Ambassador by Wang Wei).
(Du Fu's "Spring Hope") I hope people will live for a long time and have a beautiful scenery thousands of miles away. (Su Shi's "Water Tune Songs") Jun asked that the return date was undecided, and the rain rose in the autumn pool in the evening.
When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night. (Li Shangyin's "A Letter to a Friend in the North on a Rainy Night") Spring silkworms die, and tears are exhausted every night.
(Untitled Li Duan) Autumn geese are accompanied by the wind. I look at each other in this villa and drink my wine. From now on, if you take the moon leisurely, knock on the door all night with a cane.
(Lu You's Tour of Shanxi Village) The bones of great writers are your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, but leave innocence in the world.
Yu Qian's "Song of Lime" risked his life in troubled times and refused to invite Wen Da as a vassal. (Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch") Lying in the middle of the night listening to the wind and rain, the iron horse glacier dream.
(Lu You's "The Storm of November 4th") The poor put on clothes and worry about charcoal, wishing it were cold. (Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng") Don't say nothing, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers.
(Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers") Mud does not touch, clear but not demon, straight outside, not crawling. (Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus") Nothing to say, going to the West Building alone, the moon is like a hook.
Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn. (Li Yu's "Hui Huan") The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.
(Mencius, "Tao helps more, Tao helps less") People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine. (Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Tou") Looking at the sword in the sour, I dreamed of blowing horns and even camping.
(Xin Qiji's "Breaking the Array, Giving an Argument to Chen Tongfu") The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers. (Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion) Those who manage world affairs are gone forever.
(Wu Jun's Book with Zhu) The mountains are far away, the Yangtze River is swallowed, the soup is wide, the horizon is boundless, the morning light is brilliant, and the weather is myriad. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower") Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is knowing.
(The Analects of Confucius) Volume 5 (Class) Ren Shubo, on the wall of the Three Qin Dynasties, separated by a layer of fog, merged the five rivers into one river. We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place. Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
Bai Xuege bid farewell to Tian Shuji, Wu went home, and the north wind rolled white grass, and eight In the snow crossed the Tatar Day. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom.
Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear.
The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment.
In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow.
I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints. See your friend Li Bai off at Jingmen Ferry, and sail from Jingmen Ferry. Soon you will be with people in the south.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. The majesty of Mount Tai in Wangfu! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. Su Shi, the head of the water tune, was drunk in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time.
I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth.
Turn to Zhuge and sit by the door, sleepless. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past.
I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away. A letter from Dongting Lake to the Prime Minister Haoran was here for the eighth month, and heaven was an air.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang. I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish. Untitled Li Shangyin's time was far before I met her, but even longer after we parted, the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night. In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan, and Qingdao is full of love. Mountain slope sheep Tongguan nostalgic Zhang Qunfeng like gathering, waves like anger, Tongguan mountains and rivers inside and outside.
Looking at Xijing, I hesitated, saddened by the Qin and Han Dynasties, all the palaces were made of mud. Xing, the people suffer; People suffer when they die.
The fourth volume (in class) Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Building farewell school book Shu Yun Li Bai had to leave me since yesterday; It hurts my heart even more today. Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.
The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with the sword, the sadness is back, although we drown them with wine, because the world can't satisfy our desire, I will let go of my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
Du Fu, an official in the stone trench, threw himself into the stone trench village at dusk, and an official arrested people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.
No matter how angry officials are, why do women cry! Before listening to his wife's speech: three men are guarding Yecheng. One man attached a book, and two men died.
Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.
Although the old woman is physically weak, please come back at night and be anxious to prepare for cooking in the morning. The night is long and silent, like crying and choking.
Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. Zuo moved to Languan to show his nephew Xiang Hanyu a letter typed in the sky, and was demoted to 8000 Chaoyang Road that night.
If you want to eliminate disasters for saints, you are willing to decline and cherish the old. Where is the hometown of Qinling Mountains? Snow blocked the blue horse.
Knowing from a distance should be intentional, so as to collect my bones by the river. Qiantang Lake spring tour Baijuyi Gushan Temple north of Jiating West, the water level was low at the beginning.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar. Ginger went hunting in Mizhou, and Su Shi, an old man, was young and crazy, holding a yellow flag on his left and a green flag on his right.
Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan.
After drinking wine, my chest is still open and my temples are slightly frosted. What's the harm! When will Feng Tang be sent to the clouds? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun. (Extracurricular) Autumn Ci Liu Yuxi has been sad and lonely every autumn since ancient times. I say autumn is better than spring.
There is no one in the clear sky in Wan Li, and a crane, Ling Yunfei, has aroused my meditation on the blue sky. Li He, the satrap of Yanmen, crushed the city with dark clouds, and the light spread to the sun.
The horn sounded all over the sky in autumn, and the fat on the cold was purple at night. Half a roll of red flag is in the water, and the frost is heavy and cold.
4. The difference between ancient poetry and classical Chinese is simply the difference between modern prose and poetry.
Not much.
Ancient poetry pays attention to the depth of words and the fluency of sentences, and explains the greatest truth with the least words.
The meaning (what the author wants to express) has no dialogue situation.
Classical Chinese emphasizes the depth of words, but it is shallower than ancient poetry. "Wen" means writing an article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. In ancient times, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
"Classical Chinese" refers to "articles written in written language" which are generally understandable and can have dialogue scenes.
I can understand this in general, and I don't want to read too much.
High school must recite classical Chinese and ancient poems. Preface to Qinyuanchun Picking Mulberries, Changsha Chongyang Chen Qingbiao Chibi Fu and Wang Tengting. Qin theorists said that Epang Palace was assigned to Preface to Ci Lanting Collection, Shu Dao is difficult to enter the wine cellar. Du Li's "Biography of Qi Huan" exhorts Qu Yuan to learn from Zou Ji and satirizes Wang Qi's "Book of Songs", three Lisao peacocks flying southeast and Han Weijin's three recent poems about climbing Mount Tianmu with six words and seven poems.
Du Li's five poems are: Emei Mountain music and songs. Spring night becomes a flute player.
Climb Yueyang Tower for one night.
There are three poems in the Book of Songs that are "quiet women without clothes".
Yu Lin's seven poems, Nu Wa Ling Nian, Girl in Chibi and Fairy in Queqiao, have slow voices in Jingkou, Gubeiting and Yangzhou.
Three short poems in Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, which belong to the countryside, attract cowherd and star.
Six Modern Poems of Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains: A Annoying Book of Jinse in Shuxiangshi Town
Other reciting books Fisherman Wen Letian Zuo Jiangzhou Sima Liping repeatedly cited Huaqing Palace, Bodhisattva Manlangtaosha Guizhixiang Jinling Huaigu Jiangchengzi Su Muzhe cut a plum.
6. How to write classical Chinese and appreciate China's ancient poems? The most important thing is to accumulate the meanings of those ancient words, so we must remember them frequently. Then the rest is to read more books, that is, to practice proficiency. Practice makes perfect. As long as you are diligent and know how to integrate, this will generally be effective in a short time. In terms of poetry, I personally think it has something to do with childlike innocence. Poetry is mainly about understanding that artistic conception. I want to know the author's purpose in writing this poem, and what he mainly wants to express. You should also read more about this information. Read more books and learn more, and you will find that the poems in books are generally concerned about the country and the people, and there are many political topics. Otherwise, it is idyllic. After so long, it seems that most of them have come to mind, such as an affair, which is not suitable for class. Alas, poetry is just needed. You will gradually understand this problem. If you don't know the time, you may suddenly get it and you may need to explore it. China's things are really a little hard to say. The point is that accumulation is really important. It suddenly occurred to me that the Chinese teacher seemed to have mentioned this question before. I didn't understand it before, but now I understand it very well. Accumulation and experience are very important. Well, I had a good experience. I wish you a speedy success.
7. How to recite classical Chinese poetry in high school? Who can teach me how to recite classical Chinese? 1. Understand the memory method. Understanding is the premise of memory. To remember a poem, we must first understand the meaning of every sentence in it. On the basis of understanding the main idea of the whole poem, you will be impressed by reading it several times. Otherwise, if you have a little knowledge of poetry, or the level is unclear, even if you remember it temporarily, your memory will be slow. Will soon be forgotten. ② Image recitation method. Vivid images and beautiful artistic conception are the signs of a good poem. Therefore, if we can develop rich imagination in the process of understanding poetry and make the picture reflected by a poem reappear in our minds, our memory will be more secure and our recitation will be smooth. ③ Pay attention to recitation. Concentration is the key to improve our memory. Therefore, it is best to limit our time and specify the quantity. Press the program of slow reading-fast reading-fast reading to force your attention to be highly concentrated. In this way, the traces left by the cerebral cortex are profound and the memory effect is good. (4) Grasp the first word and recite it. Recitation often occurs, and some poems that I remember well suddenly get stuck in a certain link. At this time, if someone prompts the guide word (or word), it will be connected quickly. This shows that the leading word of every poem is that we should try our best to remember it as well as possible. ■ Writing order The writing order of reciting articles mainly includes chronological order, spatial order and logical order. It is also a common way to recite chapters in order to find strategies that are conducive to memory. ■ The divisible joint recitation method refers to the whole recitation method, the subsection recitation method and the joint recitation method. ■ Trying to recall and recite is helpful to recite, but if it is simply repeated over and over again, the memory effect is still poor. The best way is to close the book after reading aloud to a certain extent and try to recite it to enhance the effect of reciting. This method of trying to remember can also be used in a wider range of time and occasions. If you recite for the exam, you can choose some famous sentences to recite, and you can find the rules by reading the questions written by ancient poems. I hope it helps you.