The third unit of Experimental Textbook for Compulsory Chinese Education in Middle Schools (PEP) is an expository unit. Among the five selected texts, China Stone Arch Bridge, Suzhou Garden and Palace Museum are relatively standardized expositions, and the beauty of bridges is said. Screen? "There is a certain explanation of the sketch.
Before learning this lesson, through the study of "Chinese Stone Arch Bridge", students have initially understood the characteristics of expository writing, common explanation methods, and also understood the characteristics of accurate and thorough language of expository writing. When studying this article, we should carefully taste the poetic descriptive words, which are mixed with descriptive words, so that people can gain some aesthetic common sense while being influenced by beauty.
What is "Beautiful Bridge"? Descriptive article? Obviously, it can't be taught as a pure exposition, and there is no need to overemphasize the object, method and order of interpretation in this course. How to locate? Still lies in: teaching Chinese in Chinese. The author introduces the reasons why he likes bridges from the painter's point of view. We don't study Chinese from the painter's point of view, but take this text as a good material for language learning and training from the Chinese point of view. This article is difficult in language understanding and aesthetics. Most of us can only look up to the unattainable beauty in the eyes of painters, such as the rainbow in the sky, which is out of reach. But as a teacher, in addition to looking up, we should also build a bridge between the text and the students and guide the students to appreciate the colorful rainbow.
Teaching objectives
Knowledge and ability:
Understand the content of the text? Bridge? Beautiful? Where is the beauty?
Improve students' reading ability of screening and integrating information.
Taste the beautiful and sentimental language of this article and the sentences with the author's personality in content and expression, and be able to understand and exercise your expressive ability by combining your own knowledge and life experience under the guidance of the teacher.
Process and method: In the independent cooperative exploration, we can know the beauty of the bridge, and then experience and appreciate the beauty.
Emotion, attitude and values: guide students to form a correct aesthetic view and initially cultivate their aesthetic ability.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
By analyzing the different aesthetic effects of bridges in different environments, students are guided to acquire some basic aesthetic knowledge; Taste the poetic language in the text
Breakthrough of teaching emphasis and difficulty
Reading the text for the first time, I feel that the language is beautiful and the taste is elegant, but the content is scattered, which is difficult for junior high school students to master. Rereading the text, studying teaching methods, creating situations, arousing students' aesthetic needs and stimulating their desire to explore beauty. At the same time, actively mobilize students' life experience, expand association and imagination, so as to grasp the aesthetic characteristics contained in the text.
Beauty of the Bridge has a strong sense of language picture, flexible rhetoric and lyrical appeal. Students combine the context, from coarse to fine, from here to there, read repeatedly, grasp the whole, and strive to let students appreciate the beauty of the bridge and learn the beauty of the language.
Teaching time
One class hour
teaching process
1. What did the literati write? Beauty of the bridge?
1. Media show? Small bridge and flowing water? Pictures and "Tianjingsha? Qiu Si's content.
Tianjingsha? Melancholy Qiu Si
Ma Zhiyuan
Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,
Small bridges and flowing water,
The ancient road, the west wind and the thin horse,
The sun went down,
Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
2. Media shows the contents of Ai Qing's poem "Bridge")
bridge
Ai Qing
When land and land are separated by water,
When roads and roads are cut off by water
Intelligent human beings stand by and watch the water;
So the bridge came into being.
Humans who have suffered from trekking,
Thanks to this bridge.
Bridge is the connection between land and land;
Bridge is the love of river and road;
The bridge is a post station for ships and vehicles to nod;
This bridge is where rowers wave goodbye to pedestrians.
3. The media showed Xu Zhimo's poem Farewell to Cambridge (excerpt).
Farewell to Cambridge (excerpt)
Xu zhimo
I left quietly,
When I came softly;
I waved gently,
Say goodbye to the western clouds.
Golden willow by the river,
Is the bride in the sunset;
Shadows in the waves,
Ripple in my heart.
Teaching creativity: multimedia shows beautiful pictures of bridges with beautiful music for students to read aloud, create scenes and render the atmosphere. The teacher introduced that Ai Qing's bridge has a story; Ma Zhiyuan? Small bridge and flowing water? Reminds people of the warmth of home; Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge makes people feel infinite melancholy? In the poet's eyes? Bridge? It is humanized and the carrier of emotion; In the eyes of the painter, this bridge has a unique charm. )
(Title on the blackboard: Beauty of Bridges Wu Guanzhong)
Second, in the eyes of the painter? Beauty of the bridge?
1, perception? Beauty of the bridge? .
Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and think:
What bridges are highlighted in the article? What is the environment around the bridge? In what form do they exist? What kind of aesthetic feeling has it produced? Briefly describe the relevant statements.
Students sketch related sentences, cooperate and communicate, and teachers prompt the blackboard in time to make it clear:
The stone bridge in Wuzhen is densely covered with reeds. happy
Jiangnan stone bridge, delicate willow floating silk, both rigid and flexible? In ecstasy or sadness
Long bridge Wolong water and sky are the same? satisfy
Wind and rain bridge, waterfall, flowing spring, movement? appreciate
Teaching creativity: There are two biggest ideas in this link. One is to skip the first three paragraphs and go directly to the main points of the text? Beauty of the bridge? Interpretation. Secondly, according to the description in the article, the comparison between the bridge and the surrounding environment is refined into one word, which paves the way for the following research.
The author introduced four kinds of beauty to us with the bridges written in the fourth paragraph: a small stone bridge suddenly appeared among the dense reeds, which is the beauty of alternating density; The slender willows in the stone bridge show the beauty of combining rigidity with softness; Shuitian long bridge, let us appreciate the beauty of the integration of surface and line; Wind and rain bridges, waterfalls, flowing springs and other static and dynamic beauty coexist. You can see it by reading the original text more. Is it comfortable? Ecstasy? 、? Are you satisfied? Appreciate? These words skillfully express the beautiful feelings brought by the beauty of different forms of bridges. This passage is a good combination of description, discussion and lyric. Each bridge is introduced in a different way.
In teaching, students can be guided to feel the beauty and wonderful techniques of this paragraph. Only in this way can we give full play to the value of the text. In teaching, after understanding the aesthetic principles put forward by the painter, what we have to do is to stick to the text and let the students move, train and develop. Everything revolves around? China? And then what? Cultivation of students' ability? To design. )
2. Appreciate? Beauty of the bridge? .
Reading appreciation: multimedia display and reading paragraphs are consistent with the pictures of scenery and bridges, and are equipped with? Su Ti Xiao Chun? Background music allows students to return from the perception of words to the appreciation of pictures.
Teaching creativity: Because the language of the article is vivid and vivid, it is catchy to read and has a strong sense of picture. Therefore, students appreciate color pictures, which makes abstract words more vivid, greatly improves students' enthusiasm and activates their thinking. Through the painter's eyes, we can not only see the beautiful bridge, but also see the perfect picture. So that? Beauty of the bridge? It has the perfect unity of content and form. )
3. analysis? Beauty of the bridge? .
The bridge complements the surrounding scenery and forms a perfect picture. Which bridge do you like best through reading? Is it because of the beauty of scenery description or because of the beauty of language?
Enjoy the beautiful scenery
For example, Wuzhen Stone Bridge: thick and flat reeds make the space narrow and crowded, which makes people feel depressed; Occasionally, the outline of the stone bridge is concise and clear, which can make the space suddenly look spacious and refreshing.
Country stone bridge: willow branches are moving, slender, sprouting every year, which is in harmony with static, heavy and hard stones.
The long bridge on the wide water broke the monotonous background, and the whole environment was full of aura and life.
The comfort of corridors and halls is in sharp contrast with the rapidity of water flow under pavilions and the precipitousness of mountain peaks.
Teaching creativity: By reading the text, we can easily see that as a painter, the author downplayed its structure, types and functions and paid more attention to its aesthetic value. How to appreciate a painting? The key is whether the scenery is in harmony with the surrounding environment. This is also a brand-new aesthetic angle revealed in this paper)
(2) the beauty of contrast
When talking about the different forms and functions of bridges in different environments, guide students to think like this: What would it feel like to build a simple and hard stone arch bridge between steep peaks?
Let the students understand that the wind and rain bridge between the peaks is suitable for leisure, but not for heavy stone arch bridges, so as to understand why there are many quaint stone arch bridges in the gentle Jiangnan. Therefore, I understand that different environments need different forms of bridges.
When talking about the unity of opposites and the harmonious beauty of the environment in bridge construction, in order to let students deeply feel the beauty of unity of opposites formed by combining strength with softness. For example, this hard stone bridge and the gentle river, as well as the slender willows at the bridge head, form a harmonious picture. This kind of harmony is like the beauty of a strong man and a soft woman, and it is like the beauty of mountains and rivers formed by majestic mountains and quiet flowing water.
Teaching creativity: In the teaching process, I mainly guide students to compare and appreciate a picture. What if there is no bridge in such an environment? How about this bridge? Through this link, students not only have a clearer understanding of the formal beauty of the bridge. But also know how to appreciate such pictures. Students really understand the harmonious beauty of unity of opposites. )
(3) Elegant words
Such as: comfortable, ecstasy, fighting, lingering moonlight and other beautiful words.
Information link:
? Ecstasy? From Jiang Yan's other house? Is it just another ecstasy? . It means that people are very sad when they leave.
? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon? This is a famous sentence in the Song Dynasty poet Liu Yong's Lin Yuling. ? Since ancient times, it is not worthwhile to leave the Qing autumn festival in the cold. Where did you wake up after drinking today? Fear is just the edge, facing the sad morning wind and the setting sun of the waning moon. ? Willow branches are a symbol of parting in the eyes of the ancients, with a touch of sadness.
Bian Zhilin's broken chapter:? I stand on the bridge and watch the scenery, and the people watching the scenery look at you under the bridge? .
Poetry: Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same. The independent bridge is full of sleeves, and Lin Ping returns to the new moon.
But in reality, not all bridges are beautiful. What are the unattractive bridges mentioned in the article? What is the reason for not being beautiful?
Guide the students to read and study the sixth paragraph.
(1) Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
(2) Qiantang River Bridge
(3) The straight bridge on Cheng Kun Road.
Reasons for not being beautiful: it does not echo with the surrounding environment and does not set off.
5. What is the standard of beauty and ugliness in the eyes of a painter?
Guide students back to the second natural cycle and make them easy to understand, right? Bridges function in different forms in different environments. ?
Third, what is in your heart? Beauty of the bridge?
1. What is the real meaning of the magpie bridge mentioned in the article?
2、? Any image that plays a key role in composition and connection actually has the beauty of a bridge! ? Please tell me your understanding.
3. Any image that plays a key role in composition and connection actually has the beauty of a bridge! That's not invisible in our life, but is it? Beauty of the bridge? What about the bridge?
Teaching creativity: extension: discover and discover the beauty in life, so that students can deeply understand the connotation of the beauty of the bridge. )
blackboard-writing design
Beauty of bridge
Guanzhong Wu
Aesthetic feeling of bridge environmental form
The stone bridge in Wuzhen is densely covered with reeds. happy
Jiangnan stone bridge, delicate willow floating silk, both rigid and flexible? In ecstasy or sadness
Long bridge Wolong water and sky are the same? satisfy
Wind and rain bridge, waterfall, flowing spring, movement? appreciate
Various forms of action in different environments.
Teaching objectives of excellent teaching design of Beauty of Bridges;
Read the text fluently and emotionally to understand why the author likes bridges.
Understand where the author saw the beauty of the bridge.
Taste the beautiful and meaningful language in this article.
Through the understanding and edification of the beauty of bridges, students can obtain some simple aesthetic methods and cultivate their healthy aesthetic consciousness.
Teaching methods:
On the basis of reading the text aloud, master the key sentences, master the main content of the full text, and understand the main idea of this article.
Comparative reading method: through comparative reading with Chinese stone arch bridge, we can further grasp the characteristics of this article in content and writing.
Teaching time:
1 class hour
Teaching process:
1. Create scenarios and introduce passion:
Enjoy a video of "Recalling Jiangnan". The pictures in the video are all kinds of bridges in the south of the Yangtze River and bridges in Suzhou gardens, which give people beautiful enjoyment with the tune of "recalling the south of the Yangtze River".
How do the students feel after seeing so many bridges? Students answer that as long as they say their feelings, they will be fully affirmed. The rainbow on the ground is a bridge with different postures. Although it has no colorful colors, it has eternal life. The jade belt on the ground is a bridge, which makes the water more agile and beautiful, although it won't flutter. Bridges have always been loved by literati, which makes bridge experts put down their measuring pencils and build beautiful Chinese stone arch bridges with words. Now the painter Wu Guanzhong has put down his brush and rice paper and described the beauty of the bridge in words. So in the eyes of the painter, where is the beauty of the bridge? Please open the textbook, read aloud the beauty of the text and grasp the key sentences in the article.
Second, read the text for the first time and feel the artistic conception:
What is the beauty of the bridge in the eyes of the painter? (Grasp the key sentences:)
1. People with small bridges and flowing water certainly have the beauty of poetic scenery, but in fact they prefer the formal beauty of painting.
2. I love the bridge, not because I appreciate it as a large-scale handicraft, nor because I focus on the development of the bridge since Li Chun and Zhao Zhouqiao, but because of its various forms and functions in different environments.
3. The development of contradiction contributes to the climax of drama, and the overlapping and interlacing of images constitute rich pictures, and bridges often play the role of connecting the overlapping and interlacing of images.
4. Any image that plays a key role in composition and connection actually has the beauty of a bridge.
Summary: In the author's eyes, the beauty of the bridge lies not in the structural beauty of the bridge itself, but in the various forms and functions of the bridge in different environments.
3. Read American literature and enjoy the beautiful scenery;
(1) What examples did the author give to illustrate the beauty of the bridge?
Dense reeds on the stone bridge in Wuzhen
Willow blowing silk in Jiangnan stone bridge
The Wolong Lake in Changqiao is very big.
Bridge environment
Fengyuqiao Waterfalls and Flowing Springs
Huazhong qiaojietou
The bridge at the end of the field
magpie bridge
(2) What is the beauty of these listed bridges? Could you please talk about them briefly in combination with the text? (Combined with the sentences described by the author in the article)
Man-house, that's a noodle; Running water is a long curve, and the lines and blocks form a beautiful contrast; The intersection of bridge and flowing water is rich in formal changes, and it is also the medium between line and surface. It is a bridge to communicate the changes of forms between lines and surfaces.
(The beauty of point, line and plane contrast, the beauty of change)
Wuzhen, Mao Dun's hometown, has dense reeds on both sides of the river. It's really airtight. Whenever a stone bridge appears in it, the seemingly suffocating reed takes a deep breath and exhales a comfortable breath. The strong arc of arch bridge or the simple straight line of square bridge are in sharp contrast with reeds.
(Write about the special feeling brought by the combination of stone bridge and dense reed; The thick, solid and flat reeds make the space narrow and crowded, which makes people feel depressed or the outline of the stone bridge is simple and clear, which can make the space suddenly appear sparse and open, which makes people feel refreshed. Form a contrast in space)
In the early spring weather, slender willows are floating at the head of the stone bridge in the south of the Yangtze River, and slender hairsprings are blowing hard stones on the bridge. Even if you can't touch the breeze and the waning moon, the painter will be fascinated!
The moving scenery created by the cooperation between stone bridge and willow tree. The slender willow branches grazed the thick and hard stones on the bridge. There are physical strength and physical strength, weight, contrast between movement and color, and (willow branches sprout new buds every year) and constancy (the bridge can last for a long time), which is actually the contrast between masculinity and femininity, and the gap can still be harmonious and unified)
The lake is wide and the water and sky are the same. In front of the simple and bright background, a long bridge suddenly appeared, like Wolong, with life, often hundreds of thousands of years. People cherish the beauty of this long bridge. The fake Lugou Bridge in the Summer Palace has only 17 holes, and baodai bridge in Suzhou has 53 holes. Take a slow look by boat, and you will feel as satisfied as reading an epic.
The long line of the bridge broke the monotony of the lake, and the bridge was the result of the labor of the ancient working people. It appears on the water and is the embodiment of human creativity, so it has spirituality and beauty.
Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and mountainous areas often encounter wind and rain bridges. The bridge deck is covered with cloisters and pavilions to shelter from the rain, which is an ideal location for embellishing characters in ancient landscape paintings. Because most of the bridges are rapids, people always stop here to enjoy waterfalls and flowing springs, and painters and photographers are bound to fight here.
Bridges with corridors and pavilions on the deck give people the feeling of being carefree, in contrast to the feeling of rapids under steep mountain bridges.
At first glance, it's a bit monotonous. At the end of the path, a small bridge suddenly appeared. The reflection of the bridge is reflected in the river under the bridge, and the reflection is often punctured by duckweed and weeds. Whether it is a wooden bridge or a stone bridge, the vertical and horizontal figure and the water waves under the bridge jointly compose a tangible and colored movement. The fields are silent, and painters love to hear the bridge singing in land of silence. They look for the bridge just as children look for excitement.
The bridge crosses the water surface and intersects the water under the bridge on the plane: at the same time, the color of the bridge and the color of the running water also set off each other. Bridge and running water are a whole piece of music. The beauty of the bridge also has a harmonious rhythm like music. )
The cable bridge in the painter's eyes is a line, an elastic line! It's hard to say what vitality an isolated line has. It is the precipitous environment that breeds the life of the bridge, and it is the various lines of rocks, trees and rapids that make the cable bridge obtain the line effect with unique vitality.
The cable bridge is a line, which forms a harmonious unity of line and surface with the surrounding scenery, and the colors of trees on the mountain are in contrast with the cable bridge.
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is also a straight line from a distance. Is it beautiful? Is the straight line more in line with the new aesthetic? It is not appropriate to ask questions in general, nor can you answer them in general. In the treatment of art forms, it is often a small loss. In order to draw the Yangtze River Bridge, I climbed the Lion Mountain in Nanjing, just to find the points, lines and surfaces that set off, echo and extend the straight line of the bridge! In order to draw the Qiantang River Bridge, I climbed the hillside behind Pagoda of Six Harmonies twice, but I couldn't handle the relationship between the huge Pagoda of Six Harmonies and the Long Bridge, so I couldn't draw it. Although there are many weeping willows and peach blossoms all over the mountain, how can the color of the powder affect the beauty of the structure! On Cheng Kun Road, there are many straight bridges. The train keeps crossing the bridge, entering the hole, leaving the hole and crossing the bridge, almost bridge to hole and hole to bridge. Every time we cross the circular valley, we look forward and backward. Many bridges always cut steep slopes in a straight line, sometimes they look dangerous and beautiful, and sometimes they are dangerous and unattractive. Beauty and adventure are not the same thing
(The author thinks that it is difficult to find the points, lines and surfaces that echo and extend without finding a suitable angle to draw the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Qiantang River Bridge, and it is also difficult to handle the relationship between the huge surface of Pagoda of Six Harmonies and the long bridge, so it is impossible to form a picture, which does not meet the artist's aesthetic standards. The author uses negative examples to illustrate the aesthetic standard of the painter looking at the bridge.
Summary: The author has his own unique vision when looking at the bridge. The beauty of the bridge lies in its integration, setting off and echoing the surrounding scenery, and paying attention to the collocation of points, lines and surfaces. It is in harmony with the surrounding scenery. At the same time, the author's language is very infectious and lyrical when describing, and he has done his best to describe it.
(3) What inspiration did Mr. Wu Guanzhong's pursuit of the beauty of the bridge give you?
Harmony is beauty;
There is no shortage of beauty in life, but there is no shortage of eyes to find beauty;
As long as you look at things from the perspective of connection, you can find beauty or new discoveries. The beauty of the bridge lies in the fusion, foil and echo with the surrounding scenery, and pays attention to the collocation of points, lines and surfaces; It is in harmony with the surrounding scenery; Bridge beauty has different aesthetic effects in different environments.
Four. Expansion and extension:
We realized the beauty of the bridge from its beauty, which is really pleasing to the eye. What's the difference between the stone arch bridge in China and the article about bridges?
Similarities: all of them take the bridge as the explanation object, all adopt the structural form of total score, and all adopt the explanation method of examples.
Difference: Content: The beauty of the bridge explains the various forms and functions of the bridge in different environments from the aesthetic point of view, while the Chinese stone arch bridge focuses on introducing the overall characteristics of the Chinese stone arch bridge from the perspective of architectural function.
Linguistically, Beauty of the Bridge is an expository article, describing lyrical language, while China Stone Arch Bridge is a relatively standard expository article with scientific and plain language.
It is true that life is not lacking in beauty, but in discovery. This paper provides us with a new perspective: seeking beauty from the connection between things. Have we ever seen such a thing in our lives? Beauty of the bridge?
Students can draw a conclusion through discussion:
It can be said that the beautiful scenery you see can also be invisible in your life. Bridge?
Have conflicts with classmates and become good friends through mediation. The bridge of communication is the most beautiful.
Disputes with family members are the inspiration and encouragement of teachers, and the generation gap is gone. The bridge of affection is the most beautiful.
Encouraging eyes when frustrated, strong support when falling? The bridge of friendship is the most beautiful
. . . . . . . . .
Working hard for the people, covered in mud and exhausted, is the best and most powerful person? Promoting healthy bridges is the most beautiful.
Verb (short for verb) Task:
1. Collect the origin of some interesting bridge names, such as the name of the broken bridge in West Lake.
2. Collect poems, couplets, riddles, proverbs and idioms about bridges.
3. Collect stories and legends about bridges, such as Dangyang Bridge in the story of Three Kingdoms.
Teaching reflection:
On the bright side:
1, accurately grasp and activate students' interest points
Explanatory text is boring compared with other styles. Beauty of the Bridge is a self-reading text, which is located after reading the text "China Stone Arch Bridge". Both texts are about bridges, but Mao Yisheng, the author of Stone Arch Bridge in China, is a bridge expert, and Wu Guanzhong, the author of Beauty of Bridges, is a painter. They write about bridges from the perspectives of science and art respectively. In the introduction of the text, because the pile of rockeries in Suzhou Gardens mentioned the design of the bridge and the solid structure and beautiful form of the Chinese stone arch bridge, they didn't see the beauty of the bridge, so in a video, students felt these wonderful buildings, which fully stimulated their interest in learning. In the key learning link of the article, they also feel that the examples cited by the author, such as the stone bridge among reeds, the stone bridge in Liu Xia, the water-sky long bridge and the unique wind and rain bridge, have given students an intuitive understanding. This year, the whole class is enthusiastic about learning. Therefore, I think teachers must accurately grasp and activate students' interest points in learning, so as to make the teaching effect more effective.
2. Pay attention to the direct dialogue between students and the text.
In fact, reading is students' personalized behavior, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading and practice. As the ancients said, you never tire of reading books, but you know it after careful reading. Reading is the first skill for students to learn Chinese and the first teaching method in Chinese classroom teaching. Writing is the carrier of emotion and the transmitter of beauty. I ask students to study the fourth paragraph of the text in different reading forms, and guide them to think about the beauty of these bridges. Students actively understand and respond in reading, so that the potential meaning of the book can be in the continuous creative flow, and the students' mind can be integrated into the world in the book. Emotion, attitude and values are attached to the text carrier. The realization of it requires teachers to give students enough thinking space to experience and understand for themselves. In the teaching of this course, I pay attention to the direct dialogue between students and the text, and pay full attention to the emotional experience of the teaching object, and the effect is good.
3. Pay attention to extension and apply what you have learned.
Apply what they have learned to concrete real life, let them enter the big language of life from the small language of books, and enhance students' awareness of life language, thus improving their aesthetic ability and self-awareness of life, and let students fully appreciate the charm of language.
Disadvantages: Some specific knowledge points have not been put in place. For example, when a student was explaining, he found Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Qiantang River Bridge, which he thought were also beautiful bridges written by the author. I just denied to the students that he didn't find it right, but he was beautiful and knowledgeable to discuss why it wasn't beautiful.
The students analyzed the beauty of contrast and the beauty of contrast, but the painting actually didn't use anything to set off what was beautiful. Some students may not fully understand what is more beautiful than contrast. If the picture is marked, it should be in place.