Qiongdao Chunyin is located in the east of Beihai Baita Shandong and south of Yiqing Tower. One of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing".
It was established in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1751). The head of the stele is on the top of the plate, which is square. The four frames of the stele are engraved with entwining branches. The upper part of the stele is engraved with the four characters "Qiongdao Chunyin" written by Emperor Qianlong. The lower part of the stele is a poem written by Emperor Qianlong: "The rocks moved from Gen Yue are steep, and the relics of thousands of years are full of nostalgia. Leaning on the rock, pines and green dragon scales In the blue sky, the new phoenixes are dancing in the sky. The joy is due to the good harvest, and the joy is to get the good harvest. In the spring, the plowing is the most urgent, and every time it is cloudy and sunny, there are exquisitely carved stone guardrails. . There is a winding path next to the monument that leads directly to Jianchun Pavilion and Kankan Gallery.
Qionghua Island is located on the northeastern outskirts of Zhongdu City, where the Jin Emperor mainly stayed when he was summering in Taining Palace. Qionghua Island is formed by the accumulation of mud from the excavation of the lake. The island is planted with pines and cypresses and is dotted with Taihu stones. Qiu Chuji, a Taoist priest at the end of the Jin Dynasty, praised in his "Seven Character Poems of Qionghua Island": "The Cangshan Mountain is abrupt and leaning against the sky, the green cypresses surround the temple in a gloomy way,... the tall pines come to the deep stream, and the strange stones are embedded in the Taihu Lake." Tao Zongyi of the Yuan Dynasty described " The mountains are covered with exquisite stones, the peaks and mountains are hidden, and the pines and junipers are lush and beautiful. "Qionghua Island has beautiful scenery on all sides, especially the spring sky scenery is more moving. Guanghan Fairyland, with steaming clouds and rosy clouds, dense auspicious air, green pines and cypresses, budding flowers and trees, and beautiful rocks. Qiongdao Chunyin is the ancient people’s vivid record of the spring return of the earth and the recovery of all things. Basic introduction Chinese name: Qiongdao Chunyin Geographical location: Beihai Baita Shandong, south of Yiqinglou Establishment era: the 16th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1751) Evaluation: one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing" Development, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty Dynasty, the Eight Scenes of Yanjing, the Autumn Wind of Taiye, the Spring Yin of Qiongdao, the Baotu of Yuquan, the clear snow of Xishan, the smoke trees of Jimen, the sunset of Jintai, the dawn moon in Lugou, the greenery of Juyong, the development of Jin Dynasty. Jin Shizong built Taining in Jin Dynasty. The palace was very large in scale, covering most of today's Beihai, Taiwan and the east and west coasts. There are many palaces on both sides of Taiye Lake, and Guanghan Palace is built on Qionghua Island, which is dotted with a large number of Taihu stones taken from the imperial garden of reciting Genyue. Its beautiful scenery was named "Qiongdao Spring Shadow" among the eight scenic spots in Yanjing by Jin Zhangzong. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Mongolian army captured Taining Palace. Genghis Khan gave Qionghua Island to Qiu Chuji and turned it into a Taoist temple and renamed it Wan'an Palace. Yuan Dynasty In the Yuan Dynasty, a capital city was built with Beihai as the center, and Qionghua Island was renamed Longevity Mountain (also known as Longevity Mountain). In the Ming Dynasty, Qiongdao Chunyin was changed to Qiongdao Chunyun. Zou Ji said in "Eight Scenes of Beijing": "There is Guanghan Hall on the top of Dashanzi. There are pavilions in the four corners of the hall. The two pavilions on the left are called Yuhong and Fang. Hu; the second pavilion on the right is called Jinlu and Yingzhou. There are three halls in the middle of the mountain: Renzhi in the middle, Jiefu in the east, and Yanhe in the west. There is a flying bridge in front of it, which connects to the Yitian Hall in the east. There is a jade bridge that leads to Qionglin Garden. There are often clouds floating in the sky above the mountain, which are dense and colorful, gloomy and chaotic, changing rapidly and unpredictable, so it is called Qiongdao Spring Clouds." Qing Dynasty In the Qing Dynasty, in the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), a White Pagoda was built on the old site of Guanghan Palace, and Long Live Mountain was renamed Baita Mountain. In the poem "Eight Scenes of Yanshan" written in the early years of Qianlong's reign, "Qiongdao Spring Clouds" was changed to "Qiongdao Spring Yin". The poem wrote: "Qionghua Yao Island is lush and craggy, with many light and overcast scenery in spring. The clouds protect the pine trees in Fenglou. In the shadow, the auspicious bamboos are whirling. The moss grows in the forbidden garden, and the wheat grass is shaded in the suburbs. It reaches the deepest part of the five clouds, and when the wind is good, it sends the song of Jiu Shao." In the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751), the stele "Qiongdao Chunyin" written by Emperor Gaozong was originally erected in front of Yuexin Hall, but was later moved to the east side of Qionghua Island. According to the "Book of Changes": 348 lines, spring is in the east, the crops are raining, and the rain is overcast, so it was changed to the east foot of Baita Mountain. The stele is engraved with a poem written by Emperor Qianlong, among which: "The rocks moved from Gen Yue are steep, and the ruins of the past are full of nostalgia. Leaning against the rock, the pines and green dragon scales are awe-inspiring, and the new phoenix tails sing in the bamboo basket. Because of the joy and ambition, every victory is rewarded. The joy of the heart is to obtain a good harvest. In spring, the plows are most urgent, and every time it becomes cloudy or sunny, I sing loudly." In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1773), the royal family compiled "General Records of Baita Mountain" and "Records of Four Sides of Pagoda Mountain", which were erected in the Yinsheng Pavilion and Di'ao Pavilion at the southern foot of Qionghua Island respectively, recording the evolution of Baita Mountain. , the history of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing, the original story of the construction of the Chunyin Monument in Qiongdao, and the surrounding landscape of Baita Mountain. Eight Scenes of Yanjing The Eight Scenes of Yanjing are eight famous scenic spots in old Beijing, also known as the "Eight Scenes of Yanshan" or "Eight Scenes of Yantai", etc. They were created during the Jin Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, and later generations of literati wrote poems one after another, making them famous far and wide. In the 16th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1751), Emperor Hongli of the Qing Dynasty designated the eight scenic spots as: Taiye Autumn Wind, Qiongdao Spring Yin, Jintai Sunset, Jimen Smoke Trees, Xishan Sunny Snow, Yuquan Baotu, Lugou Dawn Moon, Ju At that time, there were carved stones and steles with small prefaces and poems on the greenery. The emergence of the Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing had a huge impact on the subsequent construction of scenic spots. From then on, no matter "a city with ten houses, a city of three miles, a garden of five acres, or Lin Palace and Buddhist temples, there are no eight poems". Modern gardens and courtyard greening also draw lessons from the Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing to build scenic spots and promote the development of garden construction. Taiye Autumn Wind Today *** (formerly known as Taiye Pool), next to Wanshan Gate on the east bank, there is a water port. There is a pavilion in the water called "Shuiyun Pavilion" with a famous scenic spot in the pavilion. "Eight Scenes of Yanjing" records: "...the weather is clear and bright, the sun and moon are rippling, and the ripples are clear and lovely, so it is called Taiye Qingbo." In Qianlong's poem, there is "Autumn arrives in Chenli, and the sound of jade is refreshing. The lake is clear and green, and the bridge is horizontal, so it is called Taiye Autumn Wind. On the building Shuiyun Pavilion in Zhonghai, there is an inscription written by Emperor Qianlong: "Taiye Autumn Wind", which is one of the "Eight Scenes of Yanjing".
Standing at Shuiyun Pavilion and looking around, you can see the Beihai Bridge to the north, the Qiongdao White Tower at the back, and Yingtai to the south across the wide water surface; Wanshan Hall and Qiansheng Temple are close-up views on the east bank; and the golden greenery is hidden among the greenery on the west bank. The Ziguang Pavilion; thousands of hectares of blue waves in the distance, lotus flowers reflecting the sun nearby, the scenery is pleasant. Shuiyun Pavilion was built during the Kangxi period. Kangxi specially wrote a poem "Shuiyun Pavilion Hearing Sanskrit Sounds": "Shuiyun Pavilion is surrounded by green terraces, and the wind supports the place to open in the afternoon; I suddenly heard Sanskrit chanting and was frightened. I suspected it was gold. Later, Emperor Qianlong also added a poem: "The water flows out of Xiu without intention; where the water connects, there are a few gulls in the vast sky, and the stone railing overlooks the autumn water; the sky is clear. This is my heart, no less than a lacquered garden official. "On a bright autumn day, it is really a pleasure to sit on the Shuiyun Pavilion and watch the autumn wind gently stir the water of Taiye Pond and make it sparkle. Qiongdao Chunyin Qianlong ordered the stone tablet of this scene to be located in front of the gate of Yuexin Hall on the west slope of Baita Mountain in Beihai today. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong's reign (1786), it moved to its current location on the east side of Baita Mountain. Since the palace was built in the 19th year of Jin Dynasty (1179), Qionghua Island has been continuously renovated and the scenery is extraordinary. "Eight Scenery Pictures" records: "There are often floating clouds on the mountain, dense and colorful, gloomy and chaotic, changing suddenly and unpredictable, so it is called Qiongdao Chunyun." Emperor Qianlong changed it to Qiongdao Chunyin because of his poem There is a sentence in it: "When the plows are plowed in the earliest days of spring, they sing loudly every time it becomes cloudy or sunny." It shows that he cares about the agricultural situation. Qiongdao Chunyin is located in the east of Baita Mountain in Beihai and in the south of Yiqing Tower. One of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing". It was established in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1751). The head of the stele is on the top of the plate, which is square. The four frames of the stele are engraved with entwining branches. The upper part of the stele is engraved with the four characters "Qiongdao Chunyin" written by Emperor Qianlong. The lower part of the stele is a poem written by Emperor Qianlong: "The rocks moved from Liangyue are high, and the relics of thousands of years are full of nostalgia. Leaning against the rock, green pines and green dragon scales, you can enter The new phoenix tails of the bamboo poles are full of joy and joy, and the plowing is the most urgent in spring. "There are exquisitely carved stone guardrails around the monument." There is a winding path next to the monument that leads directly to Jianchun Pavilion and Kankan Gallery. Yuquan Baotu Yuquan Mountain is located to the west of Wanshou Mountain. Jin Zhangzong built a spring water courtyard in Shanlu. There are three caves in Yuquan Mountain. One is in the southwest of the mountain, and there is a spring below. The depth is unpredictable; , the door is engraved with the word "Yuquan". Because the mountain spring is winding and flowing gracefully like a rainbow, it is called "Yuquan Chuihong". Qianlong changed it to "Yuquan Baotu". He said: "The fountain leaps out, the snow surges and the waves roll over. Jinan's Baotu is nothing more than a spring. Those who refer to the Eight Scenic Spots look at the rainbow and miss the truth. Therefore, the name is corrected to show that it is the best spring in the world." The poem also contains: "Unchanged, thousands of years have passed, and hundreds of feet have fallen into the sky!" Yuquan Mountain has beautiful scenery, clear spring water, crystal clear as jade, and the mountain is named after the spring, so it is named Yuquan. Jin Zhangzong built Furong Hall at the foot of the mountain and turned it into Yuquan Palace. Because the water here is clear and blue, as clear as jade, "the spring from the mountain is winding and flowing like a rainbow", so it was originally named "Yuquan Chuihong" and became one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. In the Yuan Dynasty, Yuquan Zhushui was introduced into Kunming Lake and flowed into Dadu along the Jinshui River. It was used as a special water source for the palace city and was used until the early Qing Dynasty. Chen Fu in the Yuan Dynasty and Jin Youzi in the Ming Dynasty both wrote the poem "Jade Spring and Rainbow". Zou Ji in the Ming Dynasty said in "Eight Scenes of Beijing": "There are three caves in the mountain. One is in the southwest of the mountain, and there is a spring under it. The depth is unpredictable. The other is in the sun of the mountain. The spring comes out of the mountain, and the sound is like a mixed pendant. , the color is like plain water, and the water is flowing in hundreds of hectares. There is nothing like it. At the root of the mountain, a spring gushes out, and its taste is sweet. The word "Yuquan" is engraved on the door..." He also wrote a poem at the same time. Changing "Yuquan Hanging Rainbow" to "Yuquan Flying Rainbow", the poem describes: "The blue barrier clouds and rocks spurt out the jade spring, and the long flowing water is like a hanging waterfall. Looking at the clear autumn valley from a distance, I am surprised by the clear rainbow drinking from the blue river. The droplets fluttered in the green sky, and the shock waves splashed rocks and broken beads. It is said that the Furong Palace was the most beautiful place, and it was still remembered in the Mingchang summer vacation. "In the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi's "Wanping County Chronicle" changed "Yuquan Feihong" to "Yuquan Liuhong". When Qianlong first came to China, he wrote the poem "The Rainbow from the Jade Spring": "The turbulent water is thousands of meters high and the rainbow falls, and the wind rolls the silver waves at a glance. The sound shakes the forest tops and rushes into the valley, and the light floats and shadows hang in the sky. The jumping waves stir up the stone beads and shatter them. From then on, the water flowed everywhere, and the rain in the public fields was the same." However, Emperor Qianlong later observed it many times and believed that the spring water flowed from the cracks in the rocks and did not form a waterfall, so it could not be called a waterfall. "The Yuquan hangs a rainbow" and the spring water "sprays like beads", which is very similar to Jinan's "Baotu Spring", so it was renamed "Yuquan Baotu". In the 16th year of Qianlong's reign, he felt that "Yuquan Baotu" was not appropriate, so he changed its name to "Yuquan Baotu" and wrote a poem: "Yuquan used to have such a hanging rainbow, no one in history can really express emotion. If it does not change over the years, Baotu will be hundreds of feet long." The falling clouds are in the sky! The moon spreads over the corridor and the pool is white, and the flying flowers on the wall are faintly red. I also taste the food that is passed down from ear to ear, but it is not exempt from the commonality and similarity." In ancient my country, people often measured the quality of water by its weight. Lighter ones were better and heavier ones were worse. This is what the so-called "quality is more valuable than water" means. Ancient people in the past dynasties regarded the curtain water of Lushan Valley in Jiangxi as the first, or the Jinshan water of the Yangtze River as the first, and the Hupao Spring in Huishan as the second. Later, Qianlong ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to make a silver bucket to compare the famous waters of various springs in the world, and found that the water from Yuquan was the lightest. The results are: Jinan Pearl Spring bucket weighs one to two centimeters; Yangtze River Jinshan Water weighs one to two three centimeters; Huishan Hupao Spring weighs one to two centimeters; Pingshan Water weighs one to two six centimeters; Liangshan, Baisha, Huqiu, and Biyun Temple Each water weighs one to two centimeters. Only the water in Yuquan and Yisun weighs one tael, and the water is light, sweet and beautiful. From then on, Yuquan water was designated as water exclusively for the Qing palace. Qianlong personally inscribed the monument "The No. 1 Spring in the World" and wrote: "Both springs in the two mountains flow. When you reach the Yuquan Mountain, there is a gap. The spring gushes out, the snow surges and the waves roll over. Jinan's Baotu is not an exaggeration." Xiang Zhi's inscription The eight scenes are like hanging rainbows, which is not true. They are named because they represent the best spring in the world.
"He said bluntly: "Even if I wrote about the Eight Scenes of Yanjing to the sun, I would not follow the words of others" and "cannot avoid slander." From this statement, the ministers agreed and others followed it for hundreds of years. The water from Yuquan Mountain occupies a very special position in the urban water supply of ancient Beijing. During the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, the rivers were dredged so that the water flowed into the long river and flowed into the capital. Construction continued in the Ming Dynasty, and large-scale dredging of Yuquan Mountain was carried out during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Water. Kunming Lake and Yuyuantan reservoirs were excavated to solve the problem of water supply in the capital and the flood problems in the western suburbs. Due to the good water quality of Yuquan Mountain, the rice produced for irrigation is full of fragrance and becomes the famous "Beijing West Rice". . However, although the terrain of Beijing has not changed much in the past thousand years, due to the reduction of vegetation and the arid climate, the water level has dropped significantly. Emperor Qianlong said that "the Baotu will not change over time." Today, not only does the Baotu no longer exist, Even the trickle has disappeared. Xishan Qingxue Xishan refers to the general name of the mountains in the western suburbs of Beijing. It is a branch of Taihang Mountain. The so-called snow scene also refers to this area, so Xiangshan is a typical peak in this area. Qianlong erected the "Xishan Qingxue" monument on the hillside of Xiangshan Mountain. Xishan has beautiful scenery and has become a gathering place for temples since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The famous Xishan Eight Courtyards in the Jin Dynasty were the gardens opened in the Jin Dynasty. At that time, Xishan was a famous landscape after snow. According to historical records, as early as 800 years ago, Jin Shizong built Dayongan Temple and a palace in the Xiangshan area. Later, his grandson, Zhangzong Wanyan, directly succeeded him to the throne. Jing also built the Star Sacrifice Platform, Huijing Building and other buildings here one after another. It seems unobjectionable to say that this is the snow-covered scenic spot of Zhang Zongding in the West Mountain. It is conceivable that every time it clears up after the snow, you can see the distance from here. The mountains are lined with jade, the peaks are connected, the rising sun shines brightly, and they are all wrapped in red, which is extremely magnificent. It should be said that "clear snow" is more poetic and picturesque than "accumulated snow". There was a poem about the eight scenes of Yanjing, among which "Qingxue on the Western Mountain" described: "Jade craggy mountains, towering sacred capital, cliffs lined with silver, stacked rocks flying in the air. The earth displays powerful lords, the sky opens up pictures, and the households are lined with screens. There are shadows in the flowing clouds at dawn, and the old trees are silent in the freezing clear light. Drunk eyes are empty and frightened, the woodcutter has returned, and the coir raincoat is green." In the Ming Dynasty, the clear snow in Xishan was changed to Jixue in Xishan. Zou Ji, who was a lecturer at the Hanlin Academy in the early Ming Dynasty, described the poem "Jixue in Xishan" by Zou Ji, "Looking at the mountains in the distance from the West Mountain, Sit and watch the snow on thousands of peaks disappear. The forest is divided into plains and the dawn is bright, and the cold light shines out of the valley to reflect the clear sky. There are a few traces of wandering horses on the cliffs, and wild travelers and woodcutters are still confused in the deep valleys. In response to the sun's warm weather, it returns early, and I don't miss the horse's hoofs when I climb up." You can imagine that the heavy snow has just begun, the condensed elements, thousands of rocks and ravines are like a beautiful scene in a picture. In the Qing Dynasty, the tenth year of Qianlong (1745) began in Xiangshan underwent extensive construction work and was renamed Jingyi Garden in the twelfth year of Qianlong's reign (1747). The park not only has many famous ancient temples and cultural landscapes in history, but also has deep and quiet mountains and forests, and maintains a rich natural ecological environment. After seeing it, Jingyiyuan wrote the poem "Qingxue on the Western Mountain" and changed "Qingxue on the Western Mountain" to "Qingxue on the Western Mountain". In the poem, he wrote: "The silver screen overlaps with the bright sky, and the bright peak faces the imperial capital. The crystal light of thousands of valleys welcomes the morning sun, and the qiongchi of the dry forest reflects the morning sunshine. The spring at the mouth of Han Ningjian is still frozen, and the birds on the branches are silent. There is only one mountain monk who is quite at home, with a bamboo stove and a bowl of tea. "Perhaps Qianlong thought that his writing was beautiful, or he wanted to praise the eight scenic spots in Yanjing again. In the 16th year of Qianlong (1751), he composed a poem based on the old rhyme of the poem "Qingxue on the Western Mountain": "The long-standing scenic spots record Chunming, The rugged mountains make me believe in Mo Jing. Just when the weather is right, it snows quickly, and then the beautiful scenery begins to clear up again. The smoke in the cold village curls up against the forest, and the ancient temple bells ring across the courtyard. "The Jingshe is built next to Xiangshan Mountain, so that I can collect the accumulated jade and boil it for the three pure things." The poem was engraved on the monument of "Qingxue on the Western Mountain" and erected on the mountainside of Xiangshan Mountain, to the north of the pavilion, on the right side of the Chaoyang Cave hiking trail. The scenery of Xiangshan Mountain, all year round At the turn of spring and summer, there are clear clouds and green trees, and the sounds of flowers and birds, especially in the southwest slope of Xiangshan Mountain, where the clouds and clouds are as beautiful as brocade. During the rainy season, the clouds and mist in the mountains and forests are misty and hazy; especially in winter. The snow scenery of Xiangshan Mountain is covered with white snow and the endless mountains are covered with snow. The snow scenery of Xiangshan Mountain is well-deserved. However, in recent years, there has not been much snowfall in Beijing, and beautiful snow scenery rarely appears, not to mention that it is not easy for foreign guests to enjoy it. Even the citizens rarely see Xishan after snow, and its reputation has gradually faded. The red leaves of Xiangshan in autumn are colorful, and the red leaves of cotinus are all dyed, making it a good place for citizens to watch thistles. The "Jimen Smoke Tree" monument is erected on the edge of Tucheng five miles outside Deshengmen. There was a "smoke tree" scene here in history, but this is not where Jimen was after the Han Dynasty. There is no objection to the Guang'anmen area, so why is it called Jimen? "Shui Jing Zhu" says: "There is a Jiqiu in the northwest corner of Jicheng", which should refer to the mound where Baiyun Temple was originally. : "Jimen is in the northwest corner of the old city", which misunderstood the "old city". In fact, it should refer to Jinzhongdu (after the Yuan Dynasty was built, Jinzhongdu was called the old city). The Ming Dynasty's "Chang'an Hakka" simply said: "There is Tucheng Pass outside Deshengmen of the current capital city. It is said to be the site of ancient Jimen, also known as Jiqiu. "Obviously it is wrong. The "Research on Old News of Rixia" commissioned by Qianlong was based on this, so the "Jimen Smoke Tree" stele was erected here. "Eight Views" records: "Beyond the gate, there used to be a pavilion. The carved railings and painted buildings are misty in the sky, and tourists travel and come and go among them, but there are still two earthen gates at the door, the trees are lush, the sky is blue, and the clear smoke floats in the sky, unchanged in all seasons. "Therefore, it is called "Jimen Smoke Tree". Jimen Smoke Tree was first seen by Li Yi, a poet during the Dali period of the Tang Dynasty. During his lifetime, he visited Yan and Zhao, and wrote a Qijue poem titled "Qincheng", which goes: " I send myself back to Qin City with melancholy, and the smoke and trees of Jimen linger in the distance.
Do not shoot the geese coming from the south in the autumn sky, let them fly further north on the wind." The "Qin City" in the poem is located ten miles south of Baodi County, south of the capital. It is said that it was "built by Qin Shihuang" so it was named. The "Jimen" mentioned in the poem, At that time, it referred to the Youzhou vassal town in the Tang Dynasty, which later became the old capital of the Liao and Jin Dynasties. However, in the capital of Jinzhong, there was actually a place called "Jinmen": "Jin Shi" records: Dading 20. In the third year (1183), Shizong said to his ministers: "I went to Xingqing Palace, and a minister asked me to go to Jimen. I was afraid of harming the people's livelihood, so I came here." It can be seen that Jimen was a prosperous place at that time. , its location is about the west side of Xuanwumenwai Street. "About one mile southward" you enter the north entrance of Niujie Street. Jimen is close to Dabei Pavilion in the ancient Yan capital. According to "Analysis of Jin": "Jimen." In the ancient Yan capital city, today's Dabei Pavilion is about one mile south, with its base resting on its street and a historical monument." Shengzong of the Liao Dynasty once entered Dabei Pavilion to take shelter from the rain. It was renamed Sheng'en Temple and became the source of "Jimen Feiyu" . Later, Dabei Pavilion was destroyed and the place name of Jimen no longer existed. In the Ming Dynasty, Yao Guangxiao once wrote "The Poems of Jimen": "The clouds and trees are close to the distant hills, and the rain is falling on the Qiu. I wonder where the bronze horse square is?" Only the mulberry stem water flows by itself." Li Dongyang also wrote "Jimen Zuo": "The traces of the visit outside Jimen City, the smoke and light of the trees are far heavier; after the rain, the green is not yet gone, and the green is still thick in the fallen flowers; the generals who are lost in Nanguo on the way Three miles away, I can see several peaks in the West Village. I sit for a long time and don’t know how late the sun is. The clock is clocking at noon in the monk’s temple across the river. "The scenery of Jimen described in the poem is still in the capital city of Jinzhong, but its name gradually evolved from "Jimen Flying Rain" to "Jimen Smoke Tree". In the "Eight Scenes of Yantai" inscribed by Wang Fuzhi by Zou Ji of the Ming Dynasty Said: "Jimen is located in the northwest corner of the old city. (Mistakenly refers to Desheng Gate in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty) There used to be a pavilion outside the gate, with carved railings and painted buildings, which were ethereal in the sky. Tourists were traveling and coming and going, and there were many poems and chants. They are no longer in use today. However, there are still two earthen gates at the door, with lush trees, bright blue sky, and clear smoke floating in the sky. It does not change in four seasons, so it is called Jimen Smoke Tree. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong was fond of antiquity and searched for historical sites. He designated the remaining gate on the west wall of the Yuan Dynasty as Jimen. Write a poem: "Looking at the vast expanse of trees floating in the middle, ten miles of light shade connects with the thistles and hills, weeping willows are hidden by the cottages, new seedlings are thick in the desert and paddy fields are thick. The four-legged orioles are leaving their messages, and the sky is green and the geese are traveling far away. Looking south to the Imperial Capital, the good atmosphere surrounds it. , Five clouds fly to protect the Phoenix Tower." Qianlong felt that the poems he wrote were not enough, so he erected a stele here in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751) and wrote a poem behind the stele: "Ten miles of light poplars are floating in the mist, Jimen points to the barren hills. Where is the Qinglianjiu wine?" , the loess fills in and becomes thicker. The guest cannot stay far away, and the oriole interprets it as a clear journey. The bell is about to wake up from the dream of worldly affairs, and the clouds are often floating outside the building." It accurately describes the grand occasion of Jimen at that time. In fact, the historical Jimen was not located in the northern part of the west city wall of the Yuan Dynasty (today’s Tucheng on the west side of Xueyuan Road), but in the former Jinzhongdu City within the boundaries of today’s Xuanwu District. Today’s “Jimen Smoke Tree” is just a play on the theme. For the sake of nostalgia for future generations, after 1949, according to historical data and Qianlong's poems, a majestic city gate and monument platform were built in Tucheng on the west side of Xueyuan Road. The Jimen Smoke Tree Monument stood tall again; the building was simple and elegant. The buildings, pavilions, corridors, blue bricks and gray tiles are unique in style, and flowers, trees and lawns are planted to reproduce the scenery of "the gates are surrounded by fragrant trees and the vast and lush countryside is full of smoke". Sunset on Jintai Jintai, that is, Golden Platform. It originally refers to the earthen platform built by King Yan Zhao in the 3rd century BC for the virtuous ministers, with a large amount of gold placed on it to recruit famous people from all over the world. As for the location of the station, it is difficult to pinpoint it precisely due to its age. There are currently seven or eight Jintai. "Shanggu County Illustration" says: "The Golden Platform is eighteen miles southeast of Yishui River. King Yan Zhao put a thousand pieces of gold on it, and Yantian's subordinates". "Shui Jing Zhu" says that "there are Huangjintai ruins in the east of Gu'an". "Chang'an Hakka" of the Ming Dynasty: "There are two golden platforms, so King Zhao of Yan was the one who paid tribute to Yue and Guo. The scenic spot is in Dingxing. There are also two in the current capital." "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" contains: "In Yizhou, there are two places by the Yishui River, one facing the outside of the capital, and three golden platforms." "Chenyuan Shilue" of the Qing Dynasty records: "There is a golden platform three miles outside Yongding Gate." In addition to the above records, there is also the Erlang Temple on the north side of Dongkou Road at Dengshikou in the city, which is the "Golden Platform Sunset" in the inner city. "Chapter (see Ma Zhixiang's "Guide to Peking"). Now there is a place named Jintai Road to the north of Chaowai Xiaozhuang. Local people say that this is the site of the ancient "Jintai Sunset". Emperor Qianlong erected the stone tablet outside the court. It is now located in Factory No. 3501 south of Guandongdian (on the mound half a mile east of the original Miaojia teaching field). In the "Old Capital Cultural Relics Brief" published in 1935, you can still see photos of the stone tablet lying upside down. In 2006, during the construction of Beijing MRT Line 10, the Jintai Sunset Stone Monument was re-unearthed and is now erected in a square not far from Exit C of Jintai Sunset Station of MRT Line 10 for people to pay their respects to. The grandeur of the past. The eight scenic spots in Yanshan were originally named Daoling Sunset, but were later changed to Jintai Sunset. Daoling is the Jinzhang Zongling Mausoleum, located in Dafang Mountain southwest of Zhongdu. After the Jin Dynasty established its capital, King Hailing chose Yunfeng Mountain in Dafang Mountain to build the Jin Emperor's mausoleum. Yunfeng Mountain is also known as Sanfeng Mountain, commonly known as Fengshan Mountain. It has the reputation of "Youyan Aotang" in ancient times. It is surrounded by mountains, with overlapping peaks and nine mountain ranges rushing down, known as "Nine Dragons". The trees on the top of the mountain are hidden, the clouds are vast, and the spring water at the mountain pass is gurgling and flowing continuously. The imperial tombs of the Jin Dynasty were built at the southern foot of Yunfeng Mountain and stretch for more than a hundred miles. They are the earliest large-scale and concentrated imperial tombs in the ancient capital of Beijing. Jinling had been destroyed during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and by the Ming Dynasty there were only remnants of it due to disrepair. Chu Xi, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in his poem "The Mausoleums of Jinyuan in Dafang Mountain": "Changbai Mountain is high in the desert, and the charm of Jinyuan remains the same. The soul of thousands of years is still full of thoughts, but the hills of thousands of miles have reached Yan. I feel sad when I turn over the river again. Don't ask about the Jingkang Year. The orchids are gone and the majestic pictures are resting, and the Ru River flows leisurely into the tomb field." The sunset on Jintai is a scene in Zhongdu City. In the past, King Zhao of Yan respected Guo Wei, built a palace and taught him, and placed a large amount of gold on the platform to extend the world's subordinates, hence the name.
Later, the Jin people admired his reputation as a good man and built a platform in Zhongdu City. Sun Chengze, a native of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, wrote in "Tianfu Guangji": "The old ruins of Yan City can be found in the collection of essays of Yuanren Renluo Luo and Naixian. One is called Golden Terrace, which is located in Wei Tai Fang in the southeast of Dabei Pavilion." According to the "Chenyuan Shilue", the location of Kaitaifang is: "The land in Kaitaifang is about today's Baizhifang, and it was probably built with gold." Some people have also verified that the former site of Dabei Pavilion is in today's Xuanwu District Mayor To the east of the south entrance of Chun Street, Kuitai is in the Jiaozi Hutong area, and Jintai should be there. The location of the "Jintai Sunset" rumored in the Ming Dynasty has not yet been clearly verified. Liu Tong of the Ming Dynasty said in "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital": "The name of Golden Terrace was chosen by future generations. Its place was also chosen by future generations." Jiang Yikui of the Ming Dynasty wrote in "Hakka Talk of Chang'an": "The name of Golden Terrace in the capital was chosen by future generations." Chaoyang Gate follows Hao to the south and reaches the southeast corner, where there is a mountain of earth. The sun is setting, the sky is falling, and the ancient earth is like a place. 'Golden Terrace Sunset', that's it." Qianlong wrote a poem in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751) based on poems from previous dynasties and related descriptions, summarizing the historical situation of Huangjintai. The poem says: "The wonderful pen of Jiulong is written in the sky, and it is suspected to be the west or east of the wilderness. If a good sage is to be passed down for a long time, why not keep it in ancient times. The heroic poems are about who is passing by, and Meng Ren is a boy who has a good understanding of Fang Meng. The ruins will be re-examined in Mingchang; The testicles are high and longing for the wind." The "Jintai Sunset" monument was erected at the Guandongdian Miaojiadi Church Ground outside Chaoyangmen. The "Old Capital Cultural Relics Brief" published in 1935 can still see the shape of the Jintai Sunset Monument that has fallen down. Legend has it that there is a high platform in the school grounds, called Jintai. Every year around the spring and autumnal equinoxes, and for a short period of time after sunset, due to the high terrain of Jintai, there is still a period of sunlight that shines on this place. This is a kind of It is a natural phenomenon, but once Emperor Qianlong came here during his patrol and saw this scenery, he became suspicious. It is said that after he asked about the name of the place, he was worried that the person named Miao would be disadvantaged by nature and would be disadvantageous to the court. So the land of the Miao family was changed to "Jintai Xizhao" and a monument was erected on the spot to destroy the feng shui of the Miao surname. This is the origin of "Jin Tai Sunset" among the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. Lugou at dawn Lugou is the Yongding River, which has been an important transportation link since ancient times. Jin Shizong ordered the construction of the bridge in 1189, and it was completed in 1192 (the third year of Mingchang) and named Guangli Bridge. The bridge is like a rainbow, with eleven arched gates, four ornate watches, and 485 large and small stone lions carved on the pillars. The bridge is 266 meters long and 9 meters wide. In ancient times, transportation was not very convenient, and the capital was about half a day's journey away. Farewell to the capital, pick up your accommodation, and leave early the next day. The rooster crows and we go on the road. We still see the bright moon in the sky, the earth is like silver, and "the moon on Marco Polo Bridge is like frost." As a result, the artistic conception of "Xiao Yue" became famous far and wide. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident happened here on July 7, 1937. That night, the Japanese invaders used the excuse of a missing soldier to cross the bridge and enter Wanping County for search, but were refused by the bridge guarding troops of the 29th Army. A fierce battle began. The defenders waved their swords and the cold light shone everywhere, making the Japanese invaders frightened. More than 1,000 Japanese soldiers were surrounded by pieces, and they could all be annihilated just by giving an order. However, the traitor "***" actually ordered the frontline troops "not to escalate the situation" and let the Japanese troops escape. The next day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a declaration of resistance to the whole country, and the arduous eight-year war of resistance began. Now the ancient bridge has announced its glorious retirement and no longer plays a huge transportation task. Instead, it serves as a tourist attraction to welcome guests from far and near. In recent years, the Marco Polo Bridge Restoration Committee has done a lot of work and prepared to build museums, memorial halls, exhibition halls, etc. to give the Marco Polo Bridge a new look and contribute its second youth to tourism. According to the "Mingchang Heritage" of the Jin Dynasty, the "Eight Scenes of Yanjing" began during the reign of Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty. An imperial stele is erected at both the east and west ends of the bridge. At the east end is the stele "Lugou Xiaoyue" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and at the west end is the stele erected by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty in 1698 to record the reconstruction of Marco Polo Bridge. In ancient times, the stream here looked like water and the western mountains looked like dark green. Whenever the moon set in the west at dawn, the moonlight reflected in the water made it even brighter and brighter. It became one of the eight famous scenic spots in Yanjing in ancient times. Juyong Pincui Juyong Pincui is the Badaling Scenic Area centered on Juyong Pass in Guangou. Guangou is a famous Yidao, and it is the eighth of the eight passes in Taihang (i.e., Zhiguan pass, Taihang pass, Baixing, Fukou pass, Jing pass, Feigu pass, Puyin pass, and Jundu pass), that is, Junduxing is one of the "nine fortresses" in ancient times, namely Dafen, Mingyu, Jingruan, Fangcheng, Yaojingxing, Lingzhen, Juzhu and Juyong. Juyongguan, which began in the Qin Dynasty, has always been a battleground for military strategists. There are many places of interest and historic sites in Guangou. It is said that there are 72 scenic spots in Guangou. In addition to Juyong's greenery, there are also Erlong Playing with Pearls, Immortal Pillow, Shuanma Zhu, Qinglongtan, Danqin Gorge, Liulangxiang, Zhuangyuan Bridge, Guancheng , Yuntai, Badaling, etc. The Yuntai in the center of Guancheng was built in the fifth year of Zhizheng of the Yuan Dynasty (1345). There were three lama pagodas on the original Yuntai. They were later destroyed and only the foundation stone remains. The cloud platform covers an area of ??310 square meters. The ticket door under the platform is in the shape of a semi-hexagonal structure. There is a Garuda bird king engraved in the middle of the door. On both sides, there are patterns of diamond rods and reliefs of elephants and dragons. On the inner wall of the ticket door under the platform, there are There are reliefs of the four heavenly kings and animal gods, the tops of the coupons are covered with "mandala" patterns, and there are Buddha statues carved in the flowers. There are 2,215 statues in total, all of which are exquisite works of art from the Yuan Dynasty. The inner wall is also engraved with the "Dharani Sutra" and "The Merits of Building a Pagoda" in six languages: Sanskrit, Tibetan, Eight Thoughts, Mongolian, Xixia, and Uyghur. These are precious materials for studying ancient Buddhist texts. . Juyongguan is located in the middle of Guangou. The mural "Juyongguan Rafting Pictures" discovered in the Eastern Han Dynasty Tomb in Inner Mongolia in 1971 not only related to the city, but also boat crossings. Under the water gate there are three words "Juyongguan".
The Juyong Pass we see today has two gates, water gate and land gate. The water gate spans a hundred meters of ravine. Although the water gate gate has collapsed, the foundation remains and the mountain springs continue all year round. The water was so strong at that time that a ferry was needed to cross the ditch. Chen Fu of the Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem called Juyong Pincui: "Thousands of cliffs are like cutting iron, and the moss and rocks are cracked by birds flying." "There are no green trees in the ridges, and the sun is falling with snow in June. The sand is coming out of the vast sea. On the pass, camels roar at night and the clouds are old. The sound of the levy rises in the sky, and the wind blows through the grass and the moon shines on the low mountains. "The title of "Eight Scenes of Beijing" painted by Wang Fu, a painter of the Ming Dynasty, said: "Two mountains and gorges stand side by side, with flowing water on one side and a horse riding on the other side. Cars and vehicles enter the south entrance first, then cross the pass and enter the north entrance. There is a gorge in the middle of the pass called Tanqin, and a stone in the side road called Immortal Pillow. The two cliffs are steep and the mountains are covered with greenery. "In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong visited Juyong many times and wrote about Juyong. Poem: "Juyongtian is a dangerous place with a series of peaks, thousands of miles of golden water solidifying nine sides. The majesty of the Three Gorges cannot be boasted, and the ruggedness is suspected to be pierced by five Dings. The mist drags thousands of mountains and floats with good air, and the peaks in the sun spit out purple smoke. There is nothing like this in the prosperous age. In the war, he surrendered to Gosu and died in Yishantian." Perhaps Qianlong thought his poem was beautiful, or wanted to praise the scene again, so he rewrote the poem in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751): "The buildings were broken and the walls were broken. At that time, we only talked about strengthening the borders. There was no excuse for washing the jade base, guarding the golden city. The sound of springs often brings coldness, and the peaks in the sun are so warm that they are like smoke. The intestines of Ana sheep can be found more than before." He also wrote the inscription "Juyong Pinglui" and erected a monument beside the main road southeast of Juyong Pass. Now its whereabouts are unknown, only the monument base is abandoned on the west side of the highway.