There is a birch tree,
Standing at my window,
Covered with snow,
Like covered with silver frost.
On the furry branch
The ice is full.
Like a skirt made of snow—
The tassels sparkled.
Birch trees are shrouded in
Dreamy silence,
Golden Mars
Jump on the snowflake.
Sunset lazily
Shining around it,
Put more broken silver.
Spread all over the branches
The Writing Background of Guo Moruo's Market in the Sky
This poem was written in the early 1920s. At this time, the wave of the May 4th Movement has subsided, and the era of the Great Revolution has not yet arrived. China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, is still being suffocated by imperialist powers and warlords of various factions. Faced with this reality, the poet felt disappointed and miserable. He hates the dark reality and yearns for a bright future. Inspired by the brilliant starry sky, I wrote this famous romantic poem Market in the Sky.
In the two years of 192 1 and 1922, Guo Moruo returned to China three times. At this time, the climax of the May 4th Movement has passed, and China is in a period of melee among northern warlords. Facing the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, it is as cold as iron! Black as paint! Guo Moruo felt great anger at the dark reality that stinks like blood. His poetry collection "Starry Sky" created during this period expressed this kind of thought and feeling. For example, in Looking Up, he wrote: "Shanghai's dirty head, clean existence, only green sky and sea!" "Mourning of the Yellow Sea" wrote: "The waves are turbid, salty and smelly. The sinister wind and waves have not been quiet for a moment, and the turbulent turbid waves have already dyed my heart. How long will it take me to wake up! " At the climax of the May 4th Movement, his longing for the motherland was suddenly shattered, and the poet's excitement was depressed and sad, but he was not pessimistic and disappointed, and he still tirelessly explored and pursued it. He wrote in "Poetry for the Starry Sky": "Ah, twinkling stars! You have some bright red blood stains and some clear tears-how much deep depression is hidden in your poor light! " It was during this period that 192 1 10/24 October that the author wrote The Market in the Sky, which was first published in 1922 "Creation" quarterly, vol. 1.
The market in the sky "means Guo Moruo.
In China at that time, Guo Moruo was the writer with the strongest sense of the universe. Unlike some young writers at that time who were puzzled by the mysteries of life, they often fell into self-created boredom, anxiety and sadness. Guo Moruo mobilized rich aesthetic imagination in his life meditation, and he found his spiritual counterpart-the night sky.
In Guo Moruo's view, the infinite universe is embodied in the limited individual life: "I think the poet's state of mind is like a clear sea." When there is no wind, it is still like a mirror, in which the impressions of everything in the universe are reflected; When there is wind, the waves will surge, and the impression of the universe is moving inside. " (Three Leaves Set) When the limited individual life and the infinite universe life established an inseparable spiritual connection, Guo Moruo changed the universe order in his visual perception in a new way of inspiration. He has greatly deviated from the visual convention of ancient writers. He not only looked at the night sky with his eyes, but also felt the night sky with his own heart. The night sky seduced his reverie and made him communicate with the infinite universe more directly with an aesthetic attitude. In Guo Moruo's life rhythm, there are both "encouraging tone" and "quiet tone" (on rhythm). His poem "Starry Sky" is a journey in the night sky with "inspiring tone". In his works, the night sky is so magical and shocking, so shocking. He sang, "Beautiful! Beautiful! /Eternal celestial sphere/What a change! /beautiful! Beautiful! /I feel black after getting drunk,/but the cat is always spinning! " The poem "Market in the Sky" is a beautiful serenade with a "quiet tone". Just half a month before writing Market in the Sky, Guo Moruo expressed his desire for a "quiet and clean" poetic world in a letter to Yu Dafu, and Market in the Sky presented a "quiet and clean" picture of an imaginary world.
There is a star-like light on the ground and a star-like light in the sky. Poets connect heaven and earth by exchanging metaphors of ontology and vehicle. The characteristics of "street lamps" and "stars" are "countless" and bright, and countless bright lights and stars become symbols of beautiful things.
The second to fourth paragraphs of this poem describe the wonders of the "street in the sky" imagined by the poet. In these twelve lines, the poet uses four "affirmations" and one "affirmations", whose positive tone will make readers follow the poet's imagination and blur the boundary between the real world and the fantasy world. Since the "market in the sky" shows "rare things that are not found in the world", it must be a much better place than the real world. Isn't it? The poet seemed to see the legendary Cowherd and Weaver Girl enjoying a free and happy life there.
It turns out that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the legend are not happy when they arrive in the sky. They are stuck on both sides of the Tianhe River and only meet once a year. However, in the poem "The Market in the Sky", Tianhe has become "shallow", not too broad, and it no longer prevents couples from moving freely. So both the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl can wander in Tianjie, and the poet even sees the lanterns in their hands. This illusory scene shows vivid realism in the author's pen, and the beautiful and happy streets described by the author provide readers with human interest.
"The market in the sky" is what the poet sees when he looks up at the night sky with spiritual eyes. In Guo Moruo's spiritual vision, the world in the sky corresponds to the world on the ground. The local world left him with the impression of "tears in his eyes" and "disgusting in his heart": "corpses everywhere,/wanton meat", "skeletons everywhere,/coffins all over the street" (impression of Shanghai goddess). He used "the market in the sky" to express his desire for light.
Guo Moruo's poems have always been famous for their strong emotional catharsis, and his "Phoenix Nirvana" is passionate. His "Tiangou" has the momentum of destroying everything; His "Good Morning" and "There is Coal in the Furnace" once made our hearts beat. But this poem is quiet and peaceful, with beautiful artistic conception, fresh and simple. When the poet wrote this poem, he was studying in Japan. Like many overseas students in China at that time, he missed his motherland and was confused about his ideal future. Poets have to think about this with the help of nature and often wander by the sea. One night, the poet walked by the sea, looking up at the beautiful sky and twinkling stars, and his mood became cheerful. The poet seems to have found his ideal, so he wrote it down in his poem-as if it were a scene in heaven.
The poet compared the stars to street lamps. Stars are scattered in the sky, and the distant world arouses people's infinite reverie. Street lamps are a common sight, close to us and can be seen almost everywhere. The poet compared the street lamps in the distance to the stars in the sky, and also compared the stars in the sky to the street lamps on the ground. Is it the poet's illusion, or does the poet want to lead us into the "ethereal realm"? In the poet's mind, heaven and earth are one.
There is a market in the ethereal sky, a prosperous and beautiful market. There are many items on display, all of which are treasures of the world. The poet didn't write these anecdotes specifically, which left us a lot of room for imagination. We can regard them as what we need and bring us peace and comfort of mind.
It is not only a market, but also a life scene. Across the shallow Tianhe River, what is the life of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl who are unswerving in love? Still guarding the Milky Way, can we only face each other from a distance? "You must ride a cow," said the poet. On that beautiful night, they must have wandered in the colorful market. Meteors are lanterns they are holding. A few simple words have subverted the myth that has been circulated for thousands of years and resolved the tragedy of sighing for thousands of years and people's yearning and sorrow.
The style of this poem is desolate, expressing the poet's pure ideal with natural and fresh language, neat short sentences and harmonious and beautiful rhythm. The artistic conception is general and the rhythm is slow, such as a trickle and ripples. But it is this simple artistic conception that brings us rich imagination and makes our hearts wander in the distant sky with poetry and enjoy their beautiful dreams.