It generally refers to "China's traditional ideological and cultural scholarship", based on pre-Qin classics and hundred schools of thought's theory, covering Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, parallel prose in Six Dynasties, poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan songs and novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Sinology is based on the pre-Qin classics and the theories of various schools of thought, and covers a unique and complete cultural and academic system, such as Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty, Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Parallel Prose in Six Dynasties, Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuanqu, Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Historiography in Past Dynasties. Hundred schools of thought's theory in pre-Qin Dynasty was * * * *, and there was no master-slave relationship. According to the role played in different periods, various theories played a role in each period, only in different fields; Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", Confucianism has occupied a mainstream position in the field of ideological rule, but other theories have also played an important role in different fields, such as legalists in the political field, military strategists in the military field, doctors in the medical field, Taoism, Buddhism, farmers and so on. Does not mean that a certain field plays a mainstream role. Therefore, there is no division between the schools of Chinese studies, and no school is the main body.
Literature (a language art form, degree name)
[Wen Xu]
Literature is an art that vividly reflects the objective reality and expresses the author's inner world by using language and characters, including poems, essays, novels, plays, fables and fairy tales. It is an important manifestation of culture, which expresses inner feelings in different forms, that is, genres, and reproduces social life in a certain period and region. As a discipline, literature includes China language and literature, foreign language and literature and journalism and communication.
Literature is one of the humanities, which keeps pace with philosophy, religion, law and politics. It originated from human thinking activities. China's works written in words in the pre-Qin period were collectively referred to as literature, and literary works were listed separately only after Wei and Jin Dynasties. The classification of European traditional literature theory divides literature into three categories: poetry, prose and drama. Modern literature is usually divided into four categories: poetry, novel, prose and drama.
Literature is a subject that expresses social life and psychological activities in words, and belongs to the category of social ideology.
Literature is a form of expression, which can be a part of expressing Chinese studies. Sinology is a broader category, which is suitable for many forms of expression.
Sinology belongs to literature, and literature contains sinology.
The relationship between success and literature is very simple. The more you read, the more knowledge you have, and the closer you are to success.
What is the relationship between literature and Chinese studies? It is inherent in a country to learn more about Chinese studies. Chinese studies have different meanings from literature and mathematics, and they are not the study of governing the country, nor are they the study of governing the country. Generally speaking, Sinology refers to the traditional culture and scholarship of China with Confucianism as the main body. Sinology is the traditional culture and knowledge of China, including medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics and so on. Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, edition and so on. , with Confucian philosophy as the mainstream; In terms of ideological system, it should be divided into three schools: pre-Qin philosophers, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. As far as Sikuquanshu is concerned, Chinese studies should be divided into four parts, namely classics, history, scholars and books collection. As far as the lectures on Chinese studies by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, are concerned, they should be divided into primary schools, classics, history, philosophers and literature.
Literature refers to the art of using language to vividly reflect the objective reality, including drama, poetry, novels, essays and so on. It is an important manifestation of culture, which expresses inner feelings in different forms (called genres) and reproduces social life in a certain period and region. (Reference: baike.baidu./view/8732.htm)
Literature is just a form of Chinese studies.
What is the relationship between drama and literature? Drama belongs to literature and is a way of expression of literature.
What is the relationship between metaphysics and science? It seems a bit mysterious to me, but it cannot be called metaphysics. With the development of modern science and technology, some scientists have proved the existence of "meridians" in the universe through scientific and technological means.
It can be seen that metaphysics and science are not absolutely opposite. In fact, some sciences developed from metaphysics. When people don't know how to explain metaphysics, we call it metaphysics. If we can prove its rationality, it will become science.
Metaphysics also exists in the west, but it is called differently. Westerners call it witchcraft and magic.
What is the relationship between imperial academy and Confucianism? Imperial academy is an ancient university in China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty founded imperial academy five years ago, which was the highest institution of learning in China at that time. Doctor is a professor selected by imperial academy to study excellent moral character. Recruit students, learn from professors, and call them doctoral disciples. Dr Jason Wu specializes in teaching Confucian classics, such as poems, books, rites, the Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Period and so on. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also ordered all counties and countries in the world to set up school officials, and initially established a local education system. Imperial College London has played an important role in spreading culture. Imperial academy's courses are mainly applied classics, and students are divided into different subjects and passed the exam, so they are appointed as * * * officials.
What is the relationship between Zhang Ailing and Shen Congwen (personal relationship and literary communication)? Zhang Ailing and Shen Congwen are my two favorite writers. Just: one is old love, the other is new love.
They have a strong ability to control words-beautiful and lively, full of local characteristics. In addition to the twists and turns of the story, there is also human nature interspersed among them. Both of them have profound knowledge of ancient Chinese prose and love novels of Ming and Qing dynasties very much. Their works, whether novels or essays, have their growing environment as the background. Just like Zhang Ailing's works, no matter how the theme and techniques change, Shanghai is a background, an artistic conception, an atmosphere, and a spiritual existence that is always hidden or obvious, strong or weak. And Shen Congwen, even after many years, has repeatedly reiterated that he is a native of Xiangxi.
No personal relationship or anything.
You are welcome to ask questions if you are satisfied.
What is the relationship between national defense law and political science? Politics and economics are inseparable. To a certain extent, as long as we admit the intervention of * *, any economics has the characteristics of political science. Contemporary political economy mainly studies the influence of politics, law and other factors on the economic decision-making of public relations departments, especially Marx's political economy, which not only reveals the political relationship of production from economics, but also reveals production from economics. ...
What is the relationship between philosophy and science? 1, the relationship between science and philosophy.
The relationship between science, especially natural science and philosophy is concrete and general, and it is the relationship between practice and theory. The two are interrelated and promote each other. Scientific research can not be separated from philosophical thinking, judgment and logic, and philosophical research should also be based on science. They are different disciplines and are inextricably linked.
2. The concrete expression of the relationship between science and philosophy.
First of all, natural science is the foundation of the development of philosophy. Early philosophers studied nature and discussed what was the origin of everything and how everything in the universe changed from its origin. Philosophy used to be separated from people to study natural science. Philosophy was initially judged as a natural science, but due to the development of science, it gradually separated from natural science and became an independent discipline. Therefore, many western natural scientists were philosophers in the past.
Second, the development of natural science has a profound philosophical origin. The development of any natural science is inseparable from philosophy, which is bound to be dominated and restricted by philosophical thoughts. Especially in ancient society, when philosophy and natural science were not completely separated, they were particularly close. Traditional Chinese medicine belongs to the category of ancient natural science, and its theoretical system has never been divorced from ancient natural philosophy. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constructs a theoretical system based on China's simple materialism and spontaneous dialectics in ancient times, namely, the theory of Qi monism and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The theory of Qi monism and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements not only provide Chinese medicine with a simple materialistic and dialectical view of nature and life, but also establish an overall research method of Chinese medicine, so that Chinese medicine can understand nature and life from a connected, developed and comprehensive point of view, thus clarifying man and nature, the essence of life, health and disease. Traditional Chinese medicine uses philosophical concepts and categories to observe things, thus clarifying a series of problems in traditional Chinese medicine, which run through all aspects of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine and make it an important part of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. Although Chinese medicine comes from long-term experience accumulation, it has not been eliminated by scientific experimental methods like other empirical sciences. The fundamental reason is that the theory of TCM is full of simple materialism and spontaneous dialectics.
Third, natural science constantly enriches and promotes the development of philosophy. These philosophical concepts and categories, such as the monism of Qi and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, were explored, verified and deepened in the practice of TCM diagnosis and treatment, thus enriching and developing China's ancient philosophical theory.
Ancient philosophy explained the law and process of "gasification" of the universe with the theory of "Qi divides into Yin and Yang". In fact, it divides Qi into Yin and Yang to explain two different trends and functions of Qi, and then uses the movement of Yin and Yang to explain the ultimate causes and laws of the emergence and change of everything in the universe. Traditional Chinese medicine inherits this reasonable core in the process of scientific philosophy, thus explaining the law and process of human gasification. Broadly speaking, in a person's qi, Yang Qi, who has the functions of warming, rising, exciting and germinating, and Yin Qi, who has the functions of cooling, moistening, calming, restraining and calming, are opposites, mutual roots and mutual use, and mutual development. All levels of primordial qi, such as primordial qi, ancestral qi, nourishing qi, defending qi and viscera qi, can be divided into yin and yang, and can also be combined, such as the coordination between Yuan Yin and Yuanyang, the rest path of the yang of ancestral qi upward, the storage of the abdomen of the yin of ancestral qi downward, and the adjustment of yin and yang of viscera. These qi, such as primordial qi and ancestral qi, nourishing qi and defending qi, dirty qi and fu qi, also constitute the resonance and balance of the relationship between Yin and Yang. The ups and downs of Yin and Yang produce people, a sympathetic atmosphere and a rubbing movement, which promotes, regulates and maintains people's life activities.
Similar to ancient philosophy, the greatest significance of the theory of "dividing qi into yin and yang" in traditional Chinese medicine lies in: on the basis of qi as the basis of human regulation, it further embodies the regulation of human qi, that is, how qi promotes, regulates and maintains the changes of human life activities, and what laws it follows; That is, the foundation of life is based on yin and yang, and the sum of yin and yang is based on yin and yang. The essence of dialectical thought of ancient philosophy, that is, the separation of qi into yin and yang and the biochemistry of everything between yin and yang, has been fully and reasonably inherited and applied in traditional Chinese medicine.
Therefore, Chinese medicine is one of the scientific products of ancient philosophy, and through its scientific philosophy, it constantly enriches and enriches the content of classical philosophy and promotes its development.
Fourthly, philosophy provides a logical category for natural science. Category is the overall reflection of human thinking on the essence of objective things. Each discipline has its own basic category. Logical category is an indispensable way of thinking to reflect the dialectical movement of the objective world, and it is a further generalization and synthesis of the basic categories of various sciences. The categories of logic and specific disciplines are general and individual. Logical category is general in category, which summarizes the similarity of all phenomena and processes in the field of thinking and reflects the most common relationship in the objective world.
Fifth, the view of nature provides an opportunity for the construction of scientific theory and can be used as the starting point for the emergence of scientific problems. The view of nature is the general view of nature. Is an inseparable part of the world outlook. Dialectical materialist view of nature and dialectical materialist view of history together constitute philosophy. In the process of scientific understanding, the formation of scientific theory is an exploration activity, which begins with raising scientific questions. Scientific problems are contradictions that need to be solved in scientific knowledge and scientific practice put forward by scientific cognition subjects in a certain era under the background of knowledge at that time. When the problem is determined, the solution goal is determined, and the solution scope and method are preset. Proper transformation of problems can often open up new ideas. Asking questions is the core of the formation of scientific understanding. Dialectical materialism holds that people constantly put forward and solve problems on the basis of practice, which also makes scientific understanding develop continuously. In scientific research, if there are no problems, science will stagnate. There is no contradiction between scientific understanding based on problems and "knowledge source and practice", they are unified in essence. Because the question is also put forward on the basis of practice, but the former highlights that the question is an important link in the development of cognition.
The main sources of scientific problems are the contradiction between scientific facts and existing theories, the inconsistency of theories themselves, the differences between different theories and the inability of existing production technologies to meet social needs. It has the characteristics of the times of knowledge background, the objectivity of the object of knowledge and the subjectivity of putting forward knowledge. Scientific questions must be put forward under the guidance of systematic view of nature and ecological view of nature, adhere to practical point of view, use the method of combining experience and reason, and profoundly clarify the essential characteristics, formation, test and development of scientific theory along the normative direction and empirical direction of scientific philosophy.
Sixth, the view of nature provides a general blueprint and philosophical background for the construction of scientific theory. This blueprint or core idea provides an important train of thought for the formation of scientific theory and has a key enlightenment. Looking at scientific theories, almost all scientific theories contain the background of natural view. The background of Galileo's kinematics theory and the law of free fall is that the whole nature is composed of a few basic types of physical entities, which interact according to a few fairly simple mathematical laws; The natural background of Newton's three laws of motion, the law of universal gravitation and many theorems of motion derived from them are: the universe is composed of particles, and the attraction and repulsion between particles interact through the change of distance; The background of Einstein's view of nature in relativistic physics is that nature consists of only one unified place. For another example, according to the scientific achievements of19th century, Sigus put forward the viewpoints that "life is the result of the whole nature" and "the source of life must be realized by chemical papers", which is actually a proposition of natural view. This proposition later provided an important train of thought for Soviet scientist Obalin's theory of creating the source of life. Inspired by Engels' view of nature, Obalin synthesized the achievements of astronomy, geology, chemistry and biology in the early 20th century, and put forward in detail three stages of the chemical evolution of the source of life, namely, from inorganic carbides to simple organic compounds and their derivatives. From simple organic matter to complex organic matter such as protein and nucleic acid; From protein and Nucleic Acid to Polymolecular System with Metabolic Function.
It can be seen that philosophy originated from the study of the origin of the universe and developed into the study of the relationship between man and animals and social and natural. The development of philosophy comes from natural science, which in turn serves philosophy. The development of natural science is inseparable from philosophy, philosophical methods and philosophical wisdom. People use philosophical logical thinking and dialectical methods to study and develop natural science.
Therefore, superior philosophical thinking will lead to a major breakthrough in natural science; The development of natural science is accompanied by the sublimation of philosophical thought. As a graduate student in the field of natural science, he should consciously study advanced philosophical thoughts, improve his philosophical literacy and make due contributions to the development of natural science. In addition, learning advanced philosophical thoughts is also helpful to establish a correct outlook on life and values, which is of great significance to improve one's own quality in all aspects.