In addition, Heine attributed his "China image" to "Chinese princess image", which still has profound connotations: first, his "exotic" status was further revealed by the feminine "China image"; The second is to satirize the tendency of the German romantic poet Clemens brentano (1778- 1842) to "use China" by using "Chinese princess". However, whether it is "foreign school" or "Chinese school", it is not a new tune but a cliche.
This fully illustrates the historical limitations of Heine Heine's "China image" as a "foreign country", and also fully reflects the "exotic sentiment" of China as a "foreign country", which has greatly shrunk and withered in all directions in the19th century. If we want to make further use of China and find the "exotic customs" of China, we must broaden the exotic landscape of China. Heine Heine failed to finish this work, but fell on Guke Guke, a great genius of "Young Germany".
Gutz University in Guko is a successful student, and before the age of 24, he became the central figure of "Young Germany". Through rich creation, he tried to provide a "KritischerWeltbild". The "image of China" is an organic part and core part of this world picture. Guko Guko wrote in his novel Maha? This "image of China" was created in Lu, Mahakou. "Maha? Guru was written in 1833.
It takes China and Tibet as the background, widely absorbs the knowledge and interest of the West about the East (China), and narrates the hero Maha? The guru went from man to God (becoming the highest religious leader in Tibet), then from God to man (forced to give way because of power struggle), and finally returned to the mountains to live in seclusion and enjoy the tortuous process of life. Stories are intertwined, including religious struggles of power and interests, and emotional contests of jealousy.
The works are full of "exotic images", such as craftsmen, lamas and hermits. It is widely involved in Tibetan ethnic customs and religious habits, such as polygamy, which is extremely bizarre and regarded as a symbol of uncivilized, thus depicting a vivid picture of daily life in foreign countries. After the novel was published, it once aroused the "exotic enthusiasm" of Germans. But what interests us most is that Gucci and Gucci set the story in China and Tibet, thus pushing China, a "foreign country" in the sense of time and space, to the extreme.
This also facilitates Gucci and Gucci to get rid of their traditional ignorance of China to a certain extent, and endows the "China image" with fresh breath. In the eyes of Guchico and Guchico, Tibet is like a mythical world: vast expanse, barren and open. Tourists here have few footprints, and they are in an uncivilized and static primitive state, which is even further than the primitive state that westerners praised China before.
Therefore, on the way to Lhasa, the protagonists were presented with a Panoroma, which made them amazed: we have climbed a magnificent mountain, the mountains in Tibet are endless, and the Asian Plateau is still mysterious to tourists. The clouds in the sky are unpredictable, surrounding the high peaks, and then curling away, creating a narrow blue sky, thus making these monotonous peaks unpredictable and charming.
For example, people can see lush plants on a barren cliff surrounded by white clouds, but these plants disappear in a moment. It is like a green forest belt around the cliff, and it is like a gloomy circle of pine, cypress or willow. At the same time, there is a faint sea of fog that covers everything and is unrecognizable. In this endless change, it seems that only one thing will remain forever, and that is the roar of wild waves in the beautiful forest, gloomy and lively momentum. But where is Kuangtao? Invisible to the naked eye, only the ears can hear this eternal, monotonous and endless roar.
The above is looking up and looking down. There are both real and imaginary descriptions, and then the author looks back: eagles build nests and live on high rocks; The fox digs a hole and leads a leisurely life. [30] No matter from a distance or from a close distance, what you can see is a peaceful and quiet picture and atmosphere, filled with original natural colors. This is a mythical world, or rather, it is like a myth.
However, this myth is not an innate "exotic scenery", but is created by westerners, in other words, it is the result of westerners' "enlightenment". Yumaha? When the guru went on an expedition to Tibet, it is not difficult for us to think of the heroic Odyssey in the history of western subjective thoughts. Guke and Guke did not ignore this point. He keenly felt that the modern civilization that suffocated the west (the result of the Enlightenment) was extending its claws into this simple space: muskrats and Tibetan yaks, famous for their fine fur, ran wildly in the mountains in horror, because greedy people were chasing after them.
Gucci Ko Gucci Ko mercilessly pointed out that this killing and fanaticism is not only caused by the vanity of China women (they need musk and fur to dress up), but also because Europeans are spreading their "modern crafts" by any means, encouraging China people to deviate from the rules.
The direct purpose of this is to satisfy their insatiable greed. It is Europeans who are really to blame. Faced with this situation, Gucko Gucko was deeply disturbed, but he had no choice but to sigh and ask, "Is Musk a little disgusting?" [32] He also strongly appealed: "The musk in the American continent is enough to satisfy the greed of Europeans." [33] Please don't go to the ancient eastern plateau, which is still in a childlike state, and trample on it.
Gucko Gucko's name shows his tail. On the one hand, he revealed the western "Enlightenment Dialectics", on the other hand, he unconsciously walked into the strange circle of "Enlightenment Dialectics". While criticizing the western people's physical plunder, he also started his own psychological violence. From this point of view, Guchico and Guchico did not get rid of the bondage of "exoticism". What we read in his novels is not so much China in his eyes as China in his mind.
In the eyes of Gucci and Gucci, this China should have ancient customs and oriental charm, and more importantly, it should always be simple and innocent. Gucko Gucko turned his attention to China and Tibet only because Chinese mainland's "exoticism" was either lost or mixed, and he wanted to find a pure and exquisite exoticism in China.
Guchico and Guchico's ultimate goal of seeking authentic exoticism is to escape the oppression of western civilization and reality, namely, cultural ideology and political ideology. Realizing the desire of "avoiding the world" in the exotic atmosphere. x
Guchico Guchico's bold idea enabled him to find a part of China, which could replace China's idol in a foreign country, but this still puzzled Tibet, thus broadening the prospect of China as a foreign country, deepening its exotic atmosphere, avoiding the embarrassment faced by Sigelan, finding an exile world for his depressed heart due to the modernization of western Tibet, and making up for China's time and space as a pure Kant's philosophy to some extent. In the final analysis, this charm is primitive barbarism.