The first two sentences of this poem do not directly describe the appearance of the characters. I can only hear his voice, but I can't see him. However, due to double rendering and sighing, the characters have come out. On the basis of the first two sentences, the third sentence further depicts the appearance of the characters, which is more vivid and prominent, just like a statue being placed in a proper environment. The word "Peng 'an" vividly reproduces a character's fatigue, illness, hunger and torture. "Mourning" is directly caused by illness and hunger, especially by trauma. The "sick soldier" was injured ("golden sore"), which coincided with the arrival of "autumn air" and the climate deteriorated, so the old injury recurred. From here, we can know that their clothes are thin and shabby and can't keep out the cold. Therefore, the fourth sentence wrote a triple "unbearable". In addition, there is another layer that has not been understood and written, and it is not difficult for readers to understand it. That is the despair and pain of the "sick soldiers" who are often afraid of dying on the road and abandoning their bones in other places. It is precisely because of physical and mental pain that his "mourning" is unbearable. Such an image of a wounded soldier with "mourning on his temples" is skillfully placed in the background of an "ancient city", and the description of his gaunt and lonely situation is no different. It makes people feel that he may die on the edge of the city like an ant at any time.
In this way, the sufferings of "sick soldiers" such as hunger, cold, fatigue, illness and injury are concentrated through dual techniques, characterization and background, and "the meaning of suffering is almost beyond measure" (the article "Sleeping in Bed" by Fan in the Southern Song Dynasty). It objectively accuses the society and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the characters in his works. In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow. Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone. Lu Lun's Song of Xia Sai consists of six songs, which are about giving orders, shooting at the enemy, playing a victory celebration and so on. Because it is a work with Zhang Servant (the poem is called "Shooting with Zhang Servant"), it is full of praise. This is the second poem in a series, which is about the general hunting at night. When he saw the trouble deep in the jungle, he thought it was a tiger, so he bent his bow and shot fiercely. At dawn, the arrow actually hit a stone. Through this typical plot, the general's bravery is shown. This poem is based on Historical Records and Biography of Li Lie. It is reported that Li Guang was a famous ape-man in Han Dynasty, who was good at shooting. When he was a magistrate in Peiping, he had such a dramatic experience: "You went hunting widely and saw a stone in the grass, so you shot it as a tiger. If the stone is not in the middle, it will be regarded as a stone. Because I shot again, I couldn't return to the stone. "
The first sentence said that the place where the general hunted at night was deep in a dark forest; At that time, it was getting late, and a gust of wind blew and the vegetation was covered by it. This not only shows the specific time and place, but also creates an atmosphere. Right Beiping is the area where tigers haunt, and the dense forest in the mountains is the hiding place of the tiger, the king of beasts. Tigers often come out of the mountains at dusk. Adding the word "Jing" to the word "the Woods are dark, and there is a wind and grass" not only makes people naturally think that there are tigers among them, but also renders a tense atmosphere, and also implies how vigilant the general is, paving the way for the later "bow-pulling". The second sentence is to keep writing and keep shooting. But "bow-pulling" does not say "shooting", not only because the poem rhymes, but also because "pulling" is the preparatory action of "sending". This writing can inspire readers to imagine and understand how calm and calm the general is in danger. After the "earthquake", the general immediately drew his arrow and drew his bow. His movements are agile and powerful, and he is in no hurry. He is dignified and vivid.
After the second sentence, I wrote down the miracle of "drinking feathers without stones" and dragged the time to the next morning ("Ping Ming"). When the general was looking for prey, he found that the man who was shot by an arrow was not a tiger, but a crouching stone. It was amazing at first, and then he lamented. It turned out that this arrow with white feathers was installed at the tail of the shaft, but it "pointed deep into the hard rock" and scored three points on the stone. This kind of writing is not only more tortuous, but also full of drama with the change of time and scene. The "stone edge" is a prominent part of the stone, and it is unthinkable for an arrow to get into it. Mythical exaggeration adds a layer of romance to the image of poetry, which is particularly delicious to read, but it is wonderful and can't be wrong. Wu Qiao, a man of the Qing Dynasty, once vividly used rice as a metaphor for "meaning", saying that rice was cooked for food and poetry was brewed for wine (see "Poetry around the stove"), and his words were wonderful. Because poetry appeals to readers' emotions, it is generally more concentrated than prose, with more concise language, more emphasis on the creation of artistic conception, more intoxicating and more like wine. In Historical Records, it is just an ordinary narrative. Once refined and processed by the poet, it is sublimated into such a poem with artistic charm. Isn't it a bit like turning rice into wine? That night, the black geese flew very high, and Khan quietly escaped during the night. I was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up when the snow fell full of bows and knives.
This is the third of the six poems in the "Song of the Plug" group. Although Lu Lun was a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, his frontier poems are still full of vigor in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, full of heroism between the lines, and inspiring to read.
There is a sentence or two "high in the dim moonlight, wild geese are soaring, and the Tatar chief is fleeing in the dark" to describe the enemy's rout. "The moon is dark and windy" and there is no light. "Goose flies high", there is no sound. Taking advantage of such a dark and silent night, the enemy quietly escaped. Khan was the supreme ruler of the ancient Huns, and here he refers to the supreme commander of the invaders. Running at night means that they have completely collapsed.
Despite the cover of darkness, the enemy's actions were discovered by our army. Three or four sentences, "Let's pursue it, the horse will carry a heavy load, and the bow and sword will bear the snow", describe the situation that our army is preparing to pursue, and show the mighty spirit of the soldiers. Imagine a cavalry marching out, and suddenly the bow, arrow and knife are covered with heavy snow. What an exciting scene!
Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only grasp the typical image, but also show it at the most artistic moment. The poet doesn't write about how the army attacked, nor does he tell you whether he caught up with the enemy. He only described a scene he was going to pursue, which effectively set off the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "And we chase them, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment close to the climax. This moment, like an arrow on the string, will not send, the most attractive force. You may feel dissatisfied because you didn't give the result. But only in this way can it be more enlightening and arouse readers' association and imagination. This is called incoherent, and its meaning is endless. It's not without a tail when a dragon sees its head. The tail is even more interesting and charming if it looms in the clouds. Fog clouds spread far away to see Hanyang City, and the boat drifted away for a day. Businessmen sleep during the day, know the waves, and boatmen talk at night.
Sanxiang Decline Temple welcomes autumn colors, and my heart goes for three thousand miles, and my homesickness follows the bright moon. But the war left me no legacy, oh, the pain of hearing the drums by the river! ! "All Tang Poems" bet on the topic "Doing Virtue", which should be in the early period of An Shi Rebellion. Because of the war, the poet was forced to wander in a foreign land, and his migration was uncertain. He wrote this poem on his way to the south.
The first couplet writes about the mood of "sleeping in Wuchang at night". The thick clouds dispersed and the river was clear and bright. Looking up, Hanyang City is faintly visible. Because "far" is still out of reach, the ship will sail for another day. In this way, we have to stop in Ezhou tonight. The poet went up the Yangtze River from the west of the Yangtze River and had to go through Ezhou (now Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province) to reach Hunan. Hanyang city is on the north bank of Hanshui River in western Ezhou. The first sentence is to point out the topic and tell the joy of the mood. The second sentence suddenly turns to reveal the depressed mood, and uses the pen to make the plain sentence reflect subtle thoughts. The poet wandered in the turmoil of the war. He was tired of traveling for a long time, hoping to get a place to rest early. So, when the clouds clear and you see Hanyang City, how can you be unhappy? The word "Jude is" highlights the sudden drop of the poet's feelings. These two sentences, seemingly ordinary narratives, seem to make people hear the poet pluck the strings of sadness and lingering, pour out lonely and miserable hearts, penetrate the paper and be full of emotion.
The second part is about "Sleeping in Wuchang at night". The poet outlined what he saw and heard in the cabin: Bai Tianshui, a businessman in the same boat, fell asleep on the pillow. It goes without saying that the river is sailing and calm at the moment; In the dead of night, I suddenly heard the boatman calling, mixed with the sound of adding cables to buckle the ship's side. I didn't ask, but I knew that the river was at high tide at midnight. The poet wrote about the scenery on the ship, but his pen and ink revealed his restless thoughts day and night. Therefore, despite these accustomed life on the ship, it seems to be adding to his dull and boring life experience.
The association of Sanlian's writing Night Sleeping in Wuchang. The poet's feelings come from the pen, and he expresses his feelings through the scenery: it is a cold autumn and a sad season, and infinite melancholy has frosted my temples; I went to Sanxiang, but my heart yearned for my hometown. A person misses the bright moon and misses the bright moon! "Sanxiang" refers to Hunan, the destination of the poet's trip. The poet's hometown is in Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shaanxi), which is far from Wan Li. Autumn wind rises, leaves fall, autumn frost falls, and green maple withers. The poet has no intention to appreciate autumn scenery in a different place, but he has the idea of missing his hometown for a long time. The word "Mei" connects the poet's endless sadness with the bleak autumn scenery, and moves the sadness into the autumn scenery, which is wonderful. "My heart goes three thousand miles, and my homesickness comes with the moon", which includes endless yearning, sadness that Wan Li has not seen his hometown, and sadness that he has been worried about his wife and children for a long time. It's really sad and touching.
Write down the feeling of "sleeping in Wuchang at night" at the end of the couplet. Why is the poet homeless and has to travel around in a foreign country? The last two sentences further deepen the anxiety and worry: family planning and career fame in rural areas have been lost with the continuous war, and the smoke of bonfires has not been extinguished. Isn't there the sound of drums on the river? Although the poet is far away from his hometown, where he has become a battlefield, everywhere he goes, it is the cloud of war. No wonder he is more worried. The last two sentences of the poem combine homesickness with anxiety about the country, which makes this poem have greater social significance.
In this poem, the poet only intercepted a fragment of his wandering life, but it reflected a broad social background. It's a comic book, which is connected by meaning and vein, leisurely and leisurely. In conception, there is no need to use allusions to support the poem frame; In language, you don't need colorful seaweed to seek its beauty; In lyricism, there is no need to splash ink to show off your bones and muscles. The whole poem is elegant and subtle, simple and fiery, and it feels comfortable and charming to read. My hometown is full of hay, and my friends are really not sad. The way you walked into the sky, when I saw the snow falling at dusk, I came back again.
When I was young, my father and I traveled abroad, and I had no time to meet you in many difficulties and hardships. We cry, we say nothing. What can I wish for you in this cold world? ? This is a touching poem, and the word "sadness" runs through the whole article. The farewell atmosphere of the first couplet began with the withering of grass, and the season was in severe winter. The withered weeds in the suburbs shivered against the cold wind, and the fields were vast and desolate. Saying goodbye to an old friend in such an environment naturally greatly aggravates the sadness of parting. The sentence "I'm sorry to leave" is straightforward and hits the nail on the head, but because it was blurted out immediately after the last sentence, it should be natural and won't give people a dull feeling. On the contrary, it set a deep and sentimental tone for this poem and played a role in inspiring the whole article.
The farewell scene in the second couplet of the poem is still closely related to the word "sadness". "The road you must follow when crossing Leng Yun", the old friend gradually drifted away from this road. Dark clouds are gathering, the sky is low, and the road seems to extend beyond the cold clouds. What is written here is a farewell scene, but it is full of deep feelings of parting. This is hidden in love. The word "Leng Yun" is heavy, which gives people the feeling of infinite cold and pressure, and plays a powerful role in setting off the sad mood when the host and guest leave. Friends finally moved away from home, leaving only the poet himself in this wilderness, and his loneliness naturally increased. It happened that at this time, it began to snow again. The countryside was vast and it was raining at dusk. The poet couldn't stay any longer, so he turned around and walked with heavy steps, silently embarking on the road home from the snow. This sentence closely follows the previous sentence, and takes care of the previous sentence everywhere, such as "people return" to take care of "road out" and "falling clouds and snow" to take care of "Leng Yun". It develops naturally and has a harmonious tone. Together with the previous sentence, it constitutes a complete farewell picture in the severe winter, showing melancholy in elegance.
The third joint recalled the past and lamented the life experience, but still did not leave the word "sadness". When the poet sent away his old friend, he was filled with thoughts and could not help but miss the present. "Your father died; You left home at a young age, and no one knows your misfortune. " It is an epigram of emotional cohesion in the whole poem. Loneliness in life is a great misfortune, what's more, because of the turmoil in the last years of Tianbao, I have been far away from my hometown, suffering from vagrancy and having few friends. These two sentences are not only sentimental about a person's life experience, but also reflect the turmoil of the times and people's wandering life and depressed mood in the turmoil, which shows the important difference between this poem and other farewell works of Dali poets. The poet put the meaning of farewell into "knowing the monarch late", and combined farewell with feeling sad, forming the climax of the whole poem's ideological and emotional development. In writing, this couplet is repeated, and the words are clear and clear. The words "early" and "late" are properly matched, and the syllables are harmonious, and there is a sense of frustration, which gives people a sense of sadness and echo. The fourth poem still boils down to the word "sadness". After experiencing the embarrassing farewell scene and recalling the sad past, the poet felt more and more reluctant to part with his friends, and could not help but look back into the distance and hide his face and cry. However, after all, it is useless to hide your face and cry when your friends are out of sight. The only hope is to meet again as soon as possible. But when the world is in dispute and the dust is raging, when can we meet? "We cry, and we say nothing. What can I wish you? "summarizes the sadness expressed above; "In this cold world?" Turning the pen to predict the future, I wrote down the emotional aftermath. This conclusion is straightforward and memorable.