2. Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
3. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great ambition of "a gentleman is harmonious and follows it, and then makes the customs pure". In the winter of the fifth year of Dali (770), Du Fu died at the age of 59. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry".
4. The theory of "poetic sage" is generally believed to come from Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His Preface to Jiangxi Poetry said: "The poems of Su and Li are also the imperial style of Zi Liezi. In the poems of Du Fu and Huang Zhi, two souls are sitting in a boat and driving a jade car. Who is waiting for what? Is there a God in the poet? Those who wait and don't wait are not as good as poets? " Yang Wanli's point of view is often quoted by later generations when evaluating Du Fu, such as Jade Chips written by Wei Qingzhi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, and Poems on Temple written by Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty. However, this understanding is not Yang Wanli's unique secret. Zou Hao in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Jie in the Song Dynasty, Taosun Ao and Zeng, who were a little later than Yang Wanli, all expressed similar opinions, that is, Du Fu was regarded as a saint in the poetic world, but there was no Yang Wanli.
5. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Si Shuang, who had studied Du Fu all his life, officially called Du Fu "a poet saint". He said in the poem "Du Shaoling's Dream": "Violet is a poet fairy, and I am a poet saint." In "Two Flowers and Plants Hall", he said: "Poets and saints have been friends for many years." The Song Dynasty called Du Fu a "poet", which mainly refers to Du Fu's "comprehensive" position in the history of poetry, thinking that he has no body, no work, no beauty and no preparation.
6. This understanding stems from the Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Zhen's Preface to Du Jun's Tomb: "As for the beauty of the son, the so-called thin and coquettish, Shen, Song, Su, Li, Cao, Liu, Xie's loneliness, mixed Xu, depressed flow, all ancient and modern momentum. Scholars Su Shi and Qin Guan in the Song Dynasty also had similar views.
7. Later generations called Du Fu "Poet Saint" for short, which highlighted his moral implication. They believe that the personality charm expressed in Du Fu's poems concentrates some of the most important qualities and emotions in the Confucian cultural tradition, such as loyalty, kindness and concern for the country and the people. Guo Moruo called Du Fu a "sage in poetry" in his couplets for Du Fu, which is also in line with the Confucian connotation in Du Fu's poems.
8. Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are known as the scars of the world and the sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
9. In Du Fu's own words, "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" is his central idea, and "willing to commit suicide when necessary" is his consistent spirit. He used these to ask and encourage his friends. He praised Yuan Jie and said, "Daozhou is worried about Li Shu, and his words are full of enthusiasm." He said to Yanwu, "If you are on the stage, don't love yourself when you are in danger." He also told Pei Qiu that if he wanted to pay tribute to you, Yao Shun and others, he would have to die early.
10. It is these progressive ideas that have formed Du Fu's political enthusiasm, perseverance and open-minded optimism, making him the greatest poet with the strongest politics in the history of our country. Of course, this is also inseparable from his life practice of being close to the people. Du Fu's worries come from the country, and his happiness also comes from the country. This is the sense of social responsibility and hardship of Confucian intellectuals who take the world as their responsibility.