Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. He was a great modernist poet in Tang Dynasty, and was called "Poet Saint". The political enthusiasm, perseverance and open-minded optimism in his poems have long gone beyond the scope of literature and art since ancient times.
Du Fu was born into an official family, his grandfather was a court official and his father was Sima. Du Fu was ambitious since he was a child, and his most admired ancestor was Du Yu. He was a famous soldier in the Jin Dynasty, colorful, good at fighting, knowing the law, economy and engineering, and he also commented on "turning left".
Du Fu's mother died very early, and the young Du Fu lived in his aunt's house. Aunt not only teaches the child to read and write, but also takes care of his life. He and his cousin play games, write and learn painting together every day. However, a serious illness knocked down the two brothers. My aunt took good care of Du Fu and took him back from death, but my cousin died of illness. This made Du Fu sad for a long time after directing. Under the careful care of his aunt, Du Fu was as strong as an ox when he was a teenager, and he was happy all day. Pear trees and jujube trees are planted in my aunt's yard. The autumn wind in August is cool, and the pears on the tree are yellow and bordeaux. He is like a naughty monkey, constantly climbing up and down, helping my aunt pick pears and dates, laughing all over the yard.
Childhood years are brilliant and hazy, and many strange waves of life are lost in the long river of memory. However, Du Fu saw Gong Sundaniang dancing sword when he was 6 years old, and he still remembered it in his later years. "Sword" is a military dance of the nationalities in the western regions, with strong movements and warm rhythm. Gong Sundaniang was the best dancer at that time. Accompanied by powerful music, she suddenly fell from the sky, dazzling: she suddenly rose from the ground and flew into the air. At that time, the scene was empty, and the applause thundered. The short agent Du Fu was in the crowd, cheering heartily.
That gongsun is so beautiful. Years ago, he danced with swords and flaunted everywhere. "。 The audience looked depressed, and the sky and the earth moved back and forth with her movements. ..... "Many years later, Du Fu wrote poems to commemorate the scene at that time. It seems that dance, calligraphy, painting, music and poetry are interlinked. It is said that Zhang Xu, a cursive writer, made great progress in calligraphy after watching Gong Sundaniang's dance. This impassioned and frustrated dance also inspired the creative style of Du Fu's poems in the future.
Du Fu began to write poems when he was seven years old. When children write poems, they often take animals as the theme, and Du Fu sings the phoenix, the god bird. In the eyes of the ancients, the phoenix is an auspicious bird, symbolizing the prosperity of the dynasty. This seems to be an omen.
Because Du Fu's heart was devoted to the country all his life, although he was displaced from place to place, it is precious that no matter how hard his life is, no matter where he wanders, he always shines with the light of national security and people's suffering.
Du Fu wrote The History of Poetry, and the Anshi Rebellion ended. This is, after all, a happy thing for people who have suffered from war and are looking forward to stability. Du Fu, a poet in exile in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), was ecstatic and burst into tears when he heard the news. Du Fu has a beautiful saying. Like Li Bai, he is one of the most famous great poets in the Tang Dynasty. In the history of literature, they are collectively called "Du Li". Du Fu was originally from Gongxian County, Henan Province. He grew up in a declining bureaucratic family. He studied hard since childhood, traveled to many famous mountains and rivers, and wrote many excellent poems. In his thirties, he met Li Bai in Luoyang. Du Fu is eleven years younger than Li Bai. They have different personalities, but their common interests make them close friends. Later, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam. At that time, it was when Li was in power. Li is most jealous of literati. He is afraid that these lower-level literati will become officials and talk about the failure of state affairs, which is not good for him. So he colluded with the examiner and lied to Xuanzong that none of the candidates passed the exam. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was wondering, and Li wrote another congratulatory letter, saying that this just shows that the emperor is wise, the talented people have been appointed, and there are no talents left by the people. Scholars at that time regarded the imperial examination as a way to find a way out. Du Fu was depressed, so it goes without saying that he was depressed. He lived a poor and miserable life in Chang 'an, witnessed the luxury of the powerful and the miserable sight of the poor starving in the cold wind, and could not restrain his indignation, so he accused this injustice with poetry. "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death" is his immortal poem. Du Fu stayed in Chang 'an for ten years, and the An-Shi Rebellion broke out just after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave him an official position. Everyone in Chang 'an area has escaped. Du Fu's family, also squeezed into the ranks of refugees, suffered a lot, and finally found a village and settled down. Just then, he heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and left home to find Su Zong. Unexpectedly, I met rebels on the way and was arrested in Chang 'an. Chang 'an has fallen into the hands of the rebels, who are burning and looting everywhere, and the palace houses are in flames. Some officials in the Tang Dynasty surrendered, and some were sent to Luoyang by rebels. After Du Fu was arrested in Chang 'an, the rebel leader saw that he didn't look like a big official and let him go. In the second year, Du Fu escaped from Chang 'an and found that Tang Suzong had gone to Fengxiang (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province), so he rushed to Fengxiang to see Su Zong. Du Fu was so poor at that time that he didn't even have a decent suit. He was wearing a ragged coat with bare elbows and a pair of old Ma Xie on his feet. Tang Suzong expressed his appreciation for Du Fu's long journey to the imperial court and appointed him as the left gleaner. Zuo Shiyi is an exhorter. Although Tang Suzong gave Du Fu the position, he didn't take his meaning seriously. Du Fu started the uprising in earnest. Soon after, Guǎn Fang, the prime minister, was dismissed by Tang Suzong. Du Fu thought that Gui Fang was very talented and should not be dismissed, so he went to court to remonstrate with Su Zong. Gal, we have sinned against Sue, fortunately, someone said a good word in front of Tang Suzong, just let him go home. After Tang Jun recovered Chang 'an, Du Fu followed many officials back to Chang 'an. Tang Suzong sent him to Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province) to be a small official in charge of sacrifice and school work. Du Fu came to Iowa with frustration. At that time, Chang 'an and Luoyang were recaptured by loyalists, but the Anshi Rebellion was not eliminated and the war was still fierce. Tang Jun has recruited able-bodied men everywhere to supplement troops, and the people can't live. One day, Du Fu passed Shihao Village (in the southeast of Shaanxi County, Henan Province), and it was very late. He went to a poor family for the night and was received by the old farmer and his wife. In the middle of the night, when he was tossing and turning, there was a sudden knock at the door. Du Fu listened quietly in the room, only to hear the old man next door climb over the back wall and escape. The old lady answered the door at the same time. Officials sent by the government to arrest able-bodied men entered the house. They screamed and asked the old woman, "Where is your man?" The old woman cried and said, "My three children have all gone to Yecheng to fight. Two days ago, a son wrote that both brothers died on the battlefield. There is only one daughter-in-law and one nursing grandson at home. Who else do you want? " The old woman made many entreaties, but the officials still refused to give up. The old woman had no choice but to be taken away by the officers and go to the barracks to work as a coolie for the soldiers. At dawn, Du Fu went out and the old farmer was the only one to see him off. Du Fu was very upset when he saw this sad scene with his own eyes. He wrote this story into a poem called "The Stone Excavator". When he was in Iowa, he wrote six such poems, which were collectively called "three officials and three parting" (Shi Haoguan, Tongguan official, Xin 'an official, newly married, resigned, homeless). Because most of Du Fu's poems describe the sufferings of the people in the An Shi Rebellion and reflect the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, people call his poems "the history of poetry". The following year, he resigned from his office in Iowa. Then, there was a drought in Guanzhong, and Du Fu was so poor that he took his family into exile in Chengdu. With the help of friends, he built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu and lived in seclusion for nearly four years. Later, because his friend died, he had no family in Chengdu, so he took his family into exile in the East. In 770 AD, he died of poverty and illness on a boat in Xiangjiang River. After his death, people kept his residence in Chengdu in memory of this great poet. This is the famous "Du Fu Caotang".