To the north of Gushan Temple and to the west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low.
Where are the early orioles vying for warmth in the trees, but whose new swallows are pecking at the spring mud?
The wild flowers are becoming more and more charming, and only in Asakusa can there be no horse hooves.
My favorite lake is the east side of the lake, with its green poplar shade and white sand embankment.
[Reading Guide]
Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake and is one of the famous scenic spots in my country. When talking about the West Lake, we will naturally think of Su Shi's famous saying "If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, it is always better to put on light makeup and heavy makeup." After reading this poem by Bai Juyi, I seem to really see the smiling face of Xi Shi. The poem describes the beautiful and swaying spring scenery of the West Lake in early spring that the poet saw while riding a horse, showing the vitality of all things in the world bathed in the spring scenery, creating an image of the poet himself enjoying the scenery, and creating a pleasant and bustling scene in spring. The artistic conception expresses the feelings of loving the early spring scenery, tranquility, leisure and contentment.
Solution
This poem is selected from Volume 20 of "Bai Shi Changqing Collection".
Qiantang Lake is the West Lake in Hangzhou. It has a pleasant climate, beautiful mountains and rivers, and has various buildings and views (guān) that reflect the surroundings. It has been a tourist attraction since the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi had been yearning for Hangzhou since he was a boy. In the autumn of the second year of Changqing (822) of Emperor Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty, he was changed from the governor of Zhongzhou to the governor of Hangzhou, finally realizing this long-cherished wish. In the summer of the fourth year of Changqing's reign, he was appointed governor of Suzhou. During the 600 days he served in Hangzhou, the poet not only led the people to build embankments and dredge wells, and did a lot of good things for the local area, but he also enjoyed the scenery of the West Lake and wrote many poems praising the scenery of the West Lake, such as "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" 》 is one of them.
This poem was written in the third year of Changqing (823). It is a seven-character rhymed poem.
Comments
To the north of Gushan Temple and to the west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low. Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Tianjia (560-566), Emperor Chen Wen of the Southern Dynasty, it was named Chengfu. It was renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Solitary Mountain: Located in the north of the West Lake, between the Back Lake and the Outer Lake, with towering solitary peaks and beautiful scenery, it is a scenic spot for climbing mountains and lakes. Jiating: That is Jia Gongting. During the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 785-804), Jia Quan served as the governor of Hangzhou and built a pavilion in Qiantang Chao, known as "Jia Ting" or "Jia Gong Pavilion". The pavilion was built in the late Tang Dynasty. The water surface is first level: The lake water is beginning to rise in spring, and the water surface has just reached the lake shore. Chu: adverb, just now. Cloud base is low; refers to the clouds hanging low and appearing to be connected to the lake. ○Point out the starting points and routes of spring outings, and focus on describing the scenery of the lake.
In several places, early orioles compete for warmth in the trees, while new swallows peck at the spring mud. Early Warbler: A yellow warbler that comes early in early spring. Oriole: Oriole, with a melodious song. Fighting for the warmth of the tree: Fighting to fly to the sunny branches. Warm trees: trees pointing towards the sun. New swallow: a swallow that has just returned from the south. Pecking: picking up. Swallows build nests with mud in their mouths. ○Looking up during the spring trip, you can see the singing and dancing of orioles, which is full of life and charm. Focus on birds.
The wild flowers are becoming more and more charming, and only in Asakusa can there be no horseshoes. Random flowers: wild flowers of various colors. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling. Asakusa: Spring grass that has just grown out of the ground and is not yet too tall. Talent: Just enough. 无: cover up, cover up. ○ When I look down on my spring trip, I can see the flowers are abundant, the grass is tender, and the spirit of spring is full. Focus on flowers and plants.
My favorite lake is not enough to travel eastward, and the white sand embankment (dí) in the shade of green poplars is not enough: I never tire of visiting it. Yin: Same as "yin". Baisha Embankment: Today's Baisha Embankment, also known as Sand Embankment and Broken Bridge Embankment, is located on the east bank of West Lake and existed before the Tang Dynasty. The white embankment built by Juyi when he was the governor of Hangzhou is another one outside Qiantang Gate. ○The poet goes around the lake from north to west to south to east, and the poem ends with the green poplar and white embankment in the east of the lake, expressing his deep feelings directly with "favorite".
Translation
On a bright spring day, I Xinma came to the bank of Qiantang Lake and walked around from the north of Gushan Temple to the west of Jiagong Pavilion. A spring rain had just passed. The clouds are connected with the microwaves on the lake, as if they are attached to the water. The lake was so full that it was almost level with the shore. The melodious calls of orioles can be heard in the distance and near. These messengers of spring are playfully chasing each other, vying to fly to the sunny branches. The newly returned swallows were flying up and down by the lake. They were busy picking up mud and building nests. Along the way, there are clusters of flowers in the east and west, which is almost dazzling. The spring grass on the road had just emerged from the soil, just enough to cover the horses' hooves. The God of Spring hangs flowers on trees and spreads grass on the ground for people to enjoy. But what I am most fascinated by is the area east of the lake, where there are shades of green poplars and white embankments lying quietly by the lake. It is leisurely, comfortable, and really It’s going to make people forget to leave.
From the north of Gushan Temple to the west of Jia Ting, the spring water on the lake has just leveled with the embankment, and the white clouds overlap one after another, connecting with the waves on the lake.
In several places, the early orioles are vying to fly to the sunny trees, and the newly arrived swallows are building nests with spring mud in their mouths.
The numerous and colorful spring flowers are gradually enchanting people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass can just cover the horse's hooves.
I love the beautiful scenery on the east side of West Lake the most and cannot visit enough, especially the white sand embankment under the shade of green willows.
Early orioles and new swallows are competing for flight, and the colorful flowers and shallow grass are charming and full of vitality. The poet was out on a spring outing on the embankment of Qiantang Lake. Faced with such a beautiful spring scenery, he lingered and refused to leave.
Brief Analysis
"Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he walked in the West Lake in early spring. It is a hymn to the beautiful spring days and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.
The first couplet of the poem closely follows the title and always writes about lake water. The first sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the scene of "different buildings and views" around it. The two place names are used together, which also gives readers a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching at the same time. The latter sentence describes the color of the lake on the front: the spring water has just risen, the water surface is flush with the embankment, the white clouds rolling in the sky and the rippling waves on the lake surface are connected, which is the typical water form of the spring lake in the south of the Yangtze River. The chin couplet is about looking up at the birds you see. The orioles are singing and the swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring. The oriole uses its graceful and fluent singing voice to spread the good news of spring to the earth; the swallow wears flowers and water, builds nests with mud, and inspires people to start spring work. The word "several places" outlines the echoes of the singing songs and the poet's mood of searching for sounds. The question of "whose family" also shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes the readers have rich associations. The neck couplet is written by looking down at the flowers and plants seen. Because it is early spring and the flowers are not in full bloom yet, what you can see is not the colorful flowers blooming everywhere, but clusters in the east and clusters in the west, which can be described as "chaos". The spring grass has not yet grown lushly, and is only as long as a horse's hoof, so I use the word "shallow" to describe it. The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this couplet are the poet's feelings and judgments of observation and appreciation, which turn the objective natural scenery into the scenery in the poet's eyes with subjective emotional color, making the readers infected. These two couplets carefully describe the scenery seen during the spring trip to the West Lake, using "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking" to express the dynamics of the newly arrived Yingyan; using "chaos", "shallow", "gradual desire" and "talent", It describes the tendency of flowers and plants to flourish. This accurately and vividly reveals the early spring atmosphere of the poet while he is walking, giving people a sense of freshness. Xie Lingyun, a poet of the previous generation, has two sentences: "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willows in the garden turn into songbirds" ("Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Tower"). The reason why they are so wonderful in ancient and modern times and are highly praised is that he wrote about this sudden joy when the seasons change. The above two couplets of "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake" are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poem is more open. The last couplet briefly describes the poet's favorite sand embankment in the east of the lake. Baidi runs through Qiantang Lake, and in the east area of ??the lake, you can take in the entire lake. In the shade of green poplars, I saw a flat and slender white sand embankment lying quietly among the blue waves. People riding horses on the embankment came and went in full force, enjoying the beautiful spring scenery. The poet was there, enjoying the beauty of the lakes and mountains, feeling relaxed and happy. The use of "insufficiency of action" shows that the natural scenery is extremely beautiful, and the poet is still enjoying himself, and his concentrated and full feelings give readers endless aftertaste.
Predecessors said that "the poems of Lotte are full of emotions, enter the human liver and spleen, follow the shape of things, and fill the place." (Wang Ruoxu's "Hunan Poetry") also said that "Lotte's poems are extremely clear, shallow and lovely. , often using the things in front of them as insights, which have not been spoken by others." (Tian Wen's "Gu Huantang Collection") The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural, and the carefully selected shots are written into the poem using auto-descriptive techniques. The image is vivid and the scene embodies the emotion. From the vibrant light of the lake in early spring, it reflects the author's joyful mood when visiting the lake. It is worthy of the above comments.
A summary of basic knowledge of words and sentences
Yunjiao
The original meaning of "foot" refers to the walking organ of humans and animals. It can also refer to the support of objects, such as chair legs and table legs. It can also refer to the lower end of an object, such as the foot of a mountain or the foot of a wall. It can also refer to the remaining drizzle, (there are words such as "leftovers" in modern Chinese), which is extended to the end. Such as the feet of the sun and the feet of the rain, Du Fu's "Three Poems of Qiang Village": "The majestic red clouds are to the west, and the ground is flat under the sun's feet." Du Fu's "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind": "There is no drying place for the leakage in the bedside house, and the rain's feet are like hemp and have not been cut off." The "cloud feet" in the poem "The water surface is initially flat and the cloud feet are low" refers to the lowest point of the clouds.
Chu
"Chu" is used as an adverb in ancient Chinese and is often used to express time. Often refers to the first time an action occurs or the initial period after it occurs.
1. Often used before verbs, sometimes before adjectives, it can be translated as "beginning" or "cha", such as Du Fu's "Hearing that the Army Takes Henan and Hebei": "Suddenly it was said that thistles were collected outside the sword (jì) ) North, when I first heard it, my clothes were filled with tears." In this poem, "The water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low." (Chu: Zha)
2. Used before a verb to indicate that something is done for the first time. For example, "The Biography of Gongyang" declares the "first taxation of acres" in the fifteenth year of Gongyang's reign.
3. Used at the beginning of a sentence (or phrase) to express tracing back to the past. For example, "Three Kingdoms? Book of Shu? Biography of Zhuge Liang": "In the beginning, Liang was the master of the future."
4. It means "always" and "always". For example, "Book of Han? Gai Xun Zhuan": "The officials did not say anything like this at the beginning." (Initial: always, always.)
gradually
"Gradually" is often used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, meaning "gradually", indicating a gradual change in a situation or a gradual deepening of the situation. . It can be translated as "gradually", "more and more" and "gradually". This poem uses this meaning in "the wild flowers gradually become charming to the eyes".
When "gradual" is used as a verb, it has many meanings, such as "intensify", "drain", and "wet". For example, "Book of Gu Ming": "The king said: Wuhu, the disease is getting worse and worse, but it is only a few." (Gradually: intensifies.) "Historical Records: The Family of King Goujian of Yue": "Yu's achievements were great, he spread across Jiuchuan and established Jiuzhou. " (Gradually: dredge.) "Poetry? Wei Feng? Meng": "Qishui Tangtang (shāngshāng), gradually car curtains and clothes. " (Gradually: wet.)
[Hierarchical structure]< /p>
The first couplet writes from a broad perspective, describing the scenery seen in Gushan Temple. The first sentence is the location, the second sentence is the perspective. "Chuping" refers to the beginning of spring water, which is slightly level with the embankment. "Cloud feet are low" refers to white clouds hanging low, connected with the lake, and outlines the outline of early spring.
The calm water below and the low clouds in the sky form a tranquil ink painting of the West Lake.
The chin couplet writes about Ying Yan, which the poet saw during his travels. The orioles are the singers of spring, and they all fly to the sunny trees to sing; the swallows are the messengers of spring, and they have begun to build nests with mud in their mouths, and they are full of vitality. Using "Zhao" to describe Huang Ying reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives. The word "struggle" makes people feel how rare and precious spring is. Using the word "pecking" to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallow seems to bring the little swallow to life. These two sentences deliberately depict the dynamics of warblers and swallows, making the whole poem filled with the vitality and vitality of spring.
The neck couplets describe flowers and plants, focusing on expressing the poet's feelings. The horse walks very briskly on the shallow grass. If you look at the flowers for a long time, your eyes will be filled with colorful flowers, which will make people dizzy and make you feel confused. This couplet and the first couplet are the core part of the poem, and they are also the finishing touch in Bai's poem describing the spring scenery, especially the description of the spring scenery in the West Lake. This is a description of scenery that is full of emotion and vitality, which fully demonstrates Bai Juyi's meticulous observation of the objects he describes and his ability to accurately grasp their characteristics.
The last couplet describes the scene of the Baisha Embankment, expressing his heart directly and expressing the poet's joyful mood. "Insufficient action" means not seeing enough, which shows that the poet forgets to leave.
[Poetry Appreciation]
From the north of Gushan to the present Pinghu Qiuyue and Baidi, the poet has walked all the way to report the news of spring to people: the spring water on the lake is reborn, and the trees are full of spring water. The spring orioles are chirping, the spring swallows are carrying mud in the air, the spring flowers are blooming on the embankment, and the spring grass is just turning green. The poet's sensitive and delicate brushstrokes allow people to realize that the West Lake is stretching out its spring clothes. The poet praised the spring scenery of West Lake and pointed out that he loved walking on the white sand embankment most. There is water on both sides of the Baidi, and both sides of the embankment are filled with willows and peach trees. Walking on the Baidi in spring, the meandering lake water is at your feet, and you seem to be walking on the water; the willow branches in early spring are like smoke, like mist, like threads, floating on your face, making your heart surge. Born with infinite tenderness and infinite love, you feel like you are in a dream or a fairyland. When walking on Baidi in spring, you can better appreciate the feeling and mood of the poet when he wrote this poem.
The title of the whole poem is mainly based on the word "行", which is linked to the word "春行" to describe the scenery. However, the area of ??West Lake is too large and the journey is too long, so the poet only cut out one section to write - starting from the north of Gushan Temple and ending at Baisha Embankment. Reading this poem, we naturally have the feeling of enjoying the early spring scenery of West Lake with the poet.
[Characteristics of Poetry]
The whole poem has a strict structure, rigorous meter, neat dialogues, fluent language, vivid and natural tone, and a simple tone, which reflects the characteristics of popular and smooth. The poet described the flourishing spring on the lake from an overall perspective, and was good at describing the scenery during the journey. He selected typical types and combined them with classification and arrangement: in the middle, he wrote the four most beautiful spring scenery: orioles, swallows, flowers, and grass. The selected combination of animals and plants is unique. He is also good at grasping the characteristics of scenery and using the most expressive words to describe and render them.
[Innovative Appreciation and Reading]
Idle writing is not idle (Article/Zhang Yusheng)
Poetry is precious and refined, and there is no room for idle writing. It is really idle writing and should be deleted. However, some words may seem idle, but they are not. If you read them carefully, another meaning will appear in the idle writing. The deep poetic flavor is often found not by reading, but by tasting.
The middle four sentences of Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" are: "A few early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and the new swallows are pecking at the spring mud. The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and the shallow grass can have no horse hooves." Some poetry critics pointed out: There are too many idle strokes in the four sentences. The idle writing he mentioned refers to "several places", "whose house", "gradual desire", and "talent". After deleting it, the poem is "Early orioles compete for warm trees, and new swallows peck at spring mud. The random flowers are charming to the eyes, There are no horse hooves in Asakusa. "As far as the chanting scene is concerned, all the images and pictures of the original poem come out. However, the poet writes about "spring journey", not "spring scenery". He wants the spring scenery of West Lake to flow with his "spring scenery". Without these eight words, the spring scene would be static; with these eight words, the still picture would flow.
"Several places" is a quantifier. "Early orioles vying for warm trees" is a very beautiful picture. If it is named "several places", this beautiful picture is not one, but multiple. There are them here, there are them there, and there are them in the distance. "Wearing Orioles in the Willow Waves" is a scene from West Lake. In fact, in spring, you can hear orioles everywhere around West Lake. "Whose" is a question word. The poet did not intend to describe "the spring swallow pecking at the mud", but deliberately asked: "Whose spring swallow is that pecking at the mud?" With this question, the poet might speed up his pace, stare at the spring swallow, and look at the spring swallow. Which house did it carry the spring mud to build its nest? Thinking about it in this way, isn't it much more interesting than just depicting the picture of "spring swallows pecking at the mud"? "Gradual desire" and "talent" are the same as "several places" and "whose home". They do not provide images and do not form a picture. However, when added to the poem, they expand the image and the picture. Natural things will follow the poet's " "OK" and flow.
Reciting aloud is reading poetry, pondering it carefully is tasting poetry, good poetry can be read and endured. Some poems are not very wonderful when you first read them, but when you read them slowly, they are full of wonderful energy. The poetic flavor that is directly read mostly comes from the intuitive image; the poetic flavor that is tasted indirectly is mostly hidden in the "idle pen" outside the image.
That poetry critic should be a poetry critic, never an editor, let alone editor-in-chief.
Otherwise, if the poems of Bai Juyi and others were put into his hands, he would say that he was cutting off the "idle strokes" with a big stroke, but in fact he would be hurting his muscles and bones, and the fate of the poems would be miserable.
Translation:< /p>
Walking around Gushan Temple and Jia Pavilion, the spring water of the West Lake has just risen and is level with the shore. The clouds in the sky are hanging low, and the color of the water and the light of the sky are connected. In several places, the orioles that came out of their nests early flew to the warm trees facing the sun to crow. I don’t know whose swallows had just returned over there, and they were busy building nests in their mouths of mud. All kinds of flowers are gradually blooming, which is dazzling. The newly grown grass can cover the hooves of horses. The white sand embankment on the east side of the West Lake is shaded by green willows, which makes people love it and forget to leave!
Eternally famous saying: Where are the early orioles vying for warmth in the trees, but in whose house are the new swallows pecking at the spring mud?