Interest is the source of students' interest in learning. Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, pointed out: "Children are active people, and their activities are dominated by their interests and needs. Forcing them to work is against psychological principles, and all effective activities must be based on certain interests. " Interest is based on students' needs. Learning itself is neither bitter nor enjoyable. When learning is linked to students' needs, it becomes interesting because of students' needs, on the contrary, it becomes interesting because it cannot meet students' needs. For the exercises of unified proposition writing in the class, we choose to select several well-written compositions, especially those with true feelings, and read them aloud in the class to enhance students' confidence in writing and let them feel the urgent idea of writing better. Students who write well will set an example, while those who write poorly will learn from it. In the process of correcting and commenting on compositions, students especially need encouragement. Give students encouraging comments through high marks, find out the words and paragraphs that students write well, give them public praise in class, find out the bright spots of children, let students establish "I can write" and "I write well", have confidence, let them feel the joy of writing and stimulate their enthusiasm for writing. When judging and correcting a student's composition, the whole composition is very good, so I will read it as a model essay. Even the worst child in the class, I will find out the sentences with highlights, praise his thoughtful sentences, and then tell him that if the whole composition is like this, the composition will be better! In this way, children will gain confidence in your encouragement. Suhomlinski once said: "The first general rule of education is to give students the pleasure of working", and composition evaluation is no exception. As teachers, we should try our best to find the bright spots in students' compositions with appreciation and encourage them. For example, ingenious conception, novel material selection, rich imagination and wonderful personalized expression. Especially for underachievers, teachers should use a magnifying glass to appreciate and explore. For example, a sincere word, a beautiful word, a wonderful punctuation mark and so on. You can't miss it, but you should make a mountain out of a molehill and praise them with great fanfare, so that they can feel that they also have advantages and can succeed themselves, so that they can bravely raise their heads, go on confidently and face the future composition. Students secretly cultivate competitive atmosphere, and at the same time give some less material rewards in time, so that students have the joy of success and a sense of accomplishment, and stimulate their interest in writing.
Second, help students accumulate materials
Students' exercises must have material, which is the basis of writing. You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. Without rich material reserves, like a barren land, beautiful flowers will never bloom. Students' compositions need materials to construct. Therefore, to improve students' writing ability, it is necessary to help accumulate materials. In order to help students accumulate exercise materials, we must try our best to enrich their lives. Nowadays, most primary school students are busy with their homework all day and often turn a blind eye to the things around them, let alone observe life and things. If you don't observe life carefully, you can't find the details of things, you can't make new discoveries, you can't grasp the accuracy of things' description, so there is no novelty in your composition, and there will be a phenomenon of thousands of people. Whether describing the scenery or describing the characters, they all use ready-made empty words, have no own language, are not new, and are very boring. Children in rural areas often play some games with rural characteristics after school. Such as hide-and-seek, catching cicadas, catching fish and so on. I also often take part in some housework and farm work within my power, such as herding cattle, growing vegetables and chopping wood. These are good topics for my composition. Flowers, trees, livestock, sunrise, sunset, mountains and rivers, etc. It changes with time and place in nature. If primary school students are willing to live, they can pay attention to observing life, experiencing life and being good at accumulation, which are also good topics for composition. Teachers should give guidance and grasp the theme from typical events. Guide students to explore the theme from both positive and negative aspects from many typical and educational events that occur every day in school and society. A good writing theme comes from the gestation and love for life. However, many students suffer from not knowing what to write, and think that writing is very difficult, because they are poor in observation and analysis, not good at understanding and capturing the most essential examples in life, not knowing how to express them, and turning a blind eye to many things around them. Therefore, in teaching, we should actively guide students to carefully observe things around them, people around them, things around them and feelings, so that students can understand that there are articles everywhere in life. As long as they pay attention to life, observe carefully, take notes diligently and be good at accumulating, there will be endless materials, and maybe a good original article will be at your fingertips. Life is the source of exercise. "Ask the canal so clearly because there is flowing water at the source." With a rich life, students' exercises will flow like clouds. The source of writing is life, and life cannot be separated from the environment. Colorful social life practice is an inexhaustible source of writing for students. Lao She said: "Language is the voice of life and life, and life is the greatest living vocabulary." Mr. Lu Xun also said: "If you want to create, you must observe first." The process of observation is the process of accumulation. Writing should be based on children's lives and guide students to observe. For example, in the tug-of-war competition held by the school, the students were enthusiastic, high-spirited, unified in pace, and Qi Xin made concerted efforts. As a result, I got the first place in the grade. The students jumped for joy. In this case, I stimulate students' interest in writing. Encourage students to write down what they have seen, heard and felt, so that the article will not be boring. The students wrote the spirit of the class very concretely, and also wrote the different feelings after not playing and playing. At this time, I told the children that friendship comes first and competition comes second. Don't be discouraged when you lose, and don't be proud when you win. Unity, friendship and harmony are our beautiful campus life. At the end of the children's composition, it is not just a triumph, but a fight for the champion next year. Stimulation is students' interest in observation and writing. Encourage students to describe their findings and feelings in vivid and rich language, and creatively express their true feelings, discover and observe with unique eyes, so that they have their own thoughts and unique emotions, and guide them to publicize, carry forward and improve their personality in independent analysis and description of the world. For example, instruct students to write an interesting thing. As we all know, many children go out to play under the guidance of their parents during the summer vacation. I told them to write not only what they observed, but also what they thought and heard. Stimulate students' writing desire. Children like the form of poetry very much, and some students have begun to write in the form of poetry. Although it is immature, a stone stirs up a thousand waves. Miao sai said, "My cup is not big, but I use it to hold water." Chekhov said: "Novices should always use original works to start a business." Lu Xun said: "Children can be envied. He often thinks of the realm above the stars and the moon, the underground scene, the use of flowers and the language of insects. He wants to fly into the sky and sneak into the ant nest. " Children's creative imagination has developed rapidly. What is lifeless in adults' eyes is mostly conscious and alive in their eyes. Therefore, students should be encouraged to stimulate their creative enthusiasm. In each exercise, let the students speak boldly and say whatever they want. Let them communicate happily and then write happily. For example, when doing exercises about plants, I ask students to observe a buttonwood tree on the playground first. It is pointed out that observation should be "purposeful, orderly and focused", meticulous and comprehensive, and try to observe what others don't know; After observation, the children scrambled to speak and express themselves. Composition has become the best way to show yourself. They vividly and meticulously described the changes in the color and shape of leaves, and used metaphor, personification, parallelism and other techniques. Their ideas are clear, fluent and rich in content, and students are willing to talk and have something to say. Efforts should be made to train students to "write my heart with my handwriting" and let them know the fresh choice of materials. Personalized exercises can always attract people's attention, but the same articles will not make people move.
Third, pay attention to students' reading.
Direct observation is life, and the important means of indirect observation is reading. Extensive reading is the key. "I am familiar with 300 Tang poems, and I can sing even if I can't write poems." Du Fu once said, "Reading is like breaking ten thousand volumes, and writing is like being divine." Reading is one of the effective ways to acquire knowledge. We should always cultivate students' habit of consciously reading and writing. In the process of reading, we should circle, draw, point out, approve, select and record useful materials in the book at any time. By persisting in reading, students can not only accumulate vocabulary and hone their own language, but also improve their aesthetic level and acquire writing skills and abilities. Improving students' reading ability and combining reading with writing is one of the essences of traditional Chinese teaching in China. Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty said, "To be able to read thousands of poems is to do good." Ye Shengtao also pointed out: "Reading is a matter of' absorption'. From reading, we can receive other people's experiences and get in touch with their feelings; Writing is a "publishing" thing. From writing, we can show our experiences and express our feelings. " Therefore, extensive reading is the premise of students' writing. There are always some students who write well in the class. Whose credit is this? Is it directed by the teacher? This is undeniable. But I think this is mainly because of reading. These students read much more than their classmates. Students' small reading is an important factor affecting students' composition. It is no exaggeration to say that 70% of students' information comes from books. First of all, we should make reading a student's need and habit. Getting rid of reading is a way to cope with teachers' homework. Teachers should combine the construction of scholarly campus, create a good reading atmosphere, give good reading guidance classes, and cultivate students' good reading habits and interests. Teachers should consciously cultivate children's reading habits: start with interest, stimulate children's reading desire, guide children according to different levels of students, and guide them unremittingly. Read with children, feel the works together, and be a good example for children. Take reading as an important thing, imperceptibly. Read 30 minutes of extracurricular books every day; Keep writing reading notes, reading notes. Let children have the impulse and desire to love reading. When they really learn nutrition from books, they will naturally feel happy and consciously love reading. Ye Shengtao once said: "Reading and writing, absorbing expression, one is outside, the other is outside, and the other is inside." He also said: "If you read well, your writing ability will be improved." It can be seen that reading is the basis of writing, and writing is the internalization of reading. In order to improve students' reading and writing level as soon as possible, we must strengthen reading guidance, increase reading quantity, combine reading and writing, and promote writing through reading. The second is to broaden the scope of reading, increase the amount of reading, read more classic works at all times and in all countries, and read widely. Studying is hard work, persistence and methods. Because the process of reading is not only the process of children learning, using and accumulating Chinese, but also the process of children's spiritual growth. If primary school students have a strong interest in reading and form good reading habits, then they will benefit for life. Moreover, a considerable part of the cultural heritage of each nation is completed through reading, and the spirit, culture and wisdom of the nation are often obtained through reading and immersion. Just like the general requirements of reading teaching in primary schools, students should have the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, have rich accumulation and form a good sense of language. Learn to use a variety of reading methods, such as intensive reading and skimming, on reading and so on. Be able to understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop their personality and enrich their spiritual world. It is important to cultivate students' extensive reading interest and form good reading habits. Classroom reading teaching alone is not enough to successfully complete this task. We should make extracurricular reading a nutritious feast for students' Chinese learning, so that children can acquire knowledge, appreciate life and cultivate sentiment. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Cultivate students' extensive reading interest, expand reading scope, increase reading volume, and advocate doing less questions, reading more and reading better. Read a good book, read the whole book. Encourage students to choose their own reading materials. "The curriculum standards also stipulate the reading capacity of primary school students in all grades. Third, reading should have thinking and experience, and children should be good at reading. Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty said: "Books are still medicine, and good reading can cure fools. "Being good at reading means absorbing the essence of the book, being good at innovation, increasing wisdom and talents, and embarking on the road to success. In the process of reading, guide students to think about which details are most touching and comment in one sentence. Read and write with students, pay attention to the mutual generation of teachers and students' humanistic literacy and the * * * experience of Chinese life, inspire and encourage each other, and promote the formation of their healthy personality. Let the classroom interpret colorful life, which is undoubtedly to inject a clear spring into quiet study and sprinkle a ray of sunshine. Because students have sensory materials, they will draw nutrition from the rich nutrition of expanding their spiritual home, think, think and feel naturally, and the exercises will be full of true feelings. With true feelings, exercises will have life. The fourth is to read more books and accumulate more. Teachers should organize students to read in a planned way, because reading is a spiritual position to promote development and a necessary link in writing. At all times and in all countries, there are many people who eventually become outstanding figures because of their extensive reading, thus going down in history; How many people died because they didn't have the conditions to study and didn't have the opportunity to study, which caused lifelong regret. In cultivating students' writing ability, students' extracurricular reading is more effective than regular writing training. "Reading" is the focus of Chinese, which causes students to pay attention to their own hearts, think about their own lives, think about their own lives and record their growth. Reading is always an accomplice to writing. Reading is input and writing is output. "Reading" is the foundation, and writing is the implementation. Grasping the details skillfully in reading and carrying out the activities of "reading-commenting-writing-commenting" have also opened up a green space for students' writing. "Accumulation is mastery", and to achieve the necessary throughput of deepening Chinese, there must be a lot of accumulation. The story of Confucius and Wei compiling three unique works, Du Fu reading thousands of books and Su Qin biting his nose shows the importance of accumulation. Reading provides knowledge reserve for composition. Words and sentences, article layout, etc. Can't teach. Mr. Lv Shuxiang once said: "If you ask students with good Chinese proficiency about their experiences, they will all say that they benefited from extracurricular reading." Extracurricular reading is the most important, common and universal form in extracurricular Chinese activities. It is the continuation and expansion of classroom reading, which is of great significance to broaden students' horizons, develop their intelligence and improve their comprehensive quality. , enrich its own connotation and inherit culture. Lu You said: "Learning poetry, kung fu is outside poetry." . It can be seen that understanding is important in reading.
Fourth, pay attention to cultivating students' imagination and let students' imagination fly.
We can get rid of those rules and regulations when arranging extracurricular compositions, and encourage students to give full play to their imagination and express their thoughts. In composition teaching, there are no excessive requirements and restrictions on students' compositions. Students can write whatever they like and want to write, so that students can freely express their thoughts, feelings, love and hate, resentment and anger, thus mobilizing students' internal potential, demonstrating students' ability, stimulating students' interest in writing and encouraging them to express boldly. Under the hard guidance of the teacher, the children have accumulated a lot of life accumulation, rich imagination, and are better at using imaginative methods to write in imaginary compositions, which are vivid and interesting. Before the imagination exercise, students have written about the natural scenery of clouds, and many students basically only describe it from the shape, for example, the clouds in the sky are white, like clouds with cotton and thick quilts. After the teaching of imaginative composition, the content is greatly enriched. For example, the clouds in the sky are like naughty children, who play games together for a while, and then go their separate ways for a little thing, which can make Mother Sky anxious. Obviously, anthropomorphic imagination is added at the same time as metaphor. Also: the clouds in the sky are white and soft. Both the purity of snowflakes and the softness of quilts. Pick a flower and hold it in your hand. It must be very comfortable to feel heavy and light! This imaginative sentence mixed with contrast and speculation is full of childlike interest. In the training of imaginary composition, subconsciously teach children to write life composition. In the short composition between classes, children are good at using imagination to describe things around them, so the content is rich, complete and vivid.
Fifth, strengthen the guidance of composition, correct and comment, which plays a decisive role in improving students' writing ability.
I pay attention to guiding students' composition when practicing writing on a unified topic. The specific steps are as follows: first, guide the examination of the questions, so that students can understand the meaning of the questions, what to write and how to write them. The second is to guide students to clarify the center of the article and understand why they write, whether to explain a problem, express an emotion or praise a spirit. The third is to guide the selection of materials so that students can understand what materials to choose to better serve the center. At this time, students can take out their reading notes and diaries and choose good materials from them to serve their writing. Examining questions, making ideas and selecting materials are the direction of composition guidance. In addition, we should guide students to criticize words and make sentences, and use various writing techniques and skills to plan the layout of articles. Only when teachers guide students correctly can students write compositions that meet the requirements. In correcting and commenting on students' compositions, I don't take the traditional way of contracting teachers to correct and comment on them, but encourage students to actively participate in correcting and commenting on their compositions. There are many forms for students to correct and comment on their own compositions, such as * * * discussion between teachers and students, * * * revision in group cooperation, peer review at the same table, personal self-revision and self-evaluation. Let students discover the shortcomings in their own compositions in time, learn from the advantages of others' compositions, and achieve the goal of learning from each other and improving together. Students revise their compositions before copying them into their composition books. After the composition was handed in, I carefully corrected each student's composition. When correcting students' compositions, I try to use some enlightening comments to tap the bright spots in students' compositions. In view of the problems existing in the composition, such as typos, improper words and incomplete sentences. Mark them with fixed marking symbols for students to correct themselves and cultivate their ability to correct their own compositions. In the process of correcting, seriously recommend the "masterpiece" of this lesson. After marking, comment in time. Comments are divided into brief comments and detailed comments. Briefly comment on the bright spots in some students' compositions, give praise and encouragement, gently point out the shortcomings in their compositions, and propose amendments to prevent the same mistakes from being made again in the future. Comment on the "masterpiece" in the class in detail. I will guide students to discuss what are the good points and problems of this article. How to modify it? Let students fully express their opinions and inspire each other, so as to learn from each other and improve together.
Composition teaching has always been the focus and difficulty of Chinese teachers in primary schools. With the rapid development of the times, there will be more new problems and better teaching methods. As a teacher, only by constantly encouraging students to display their individuality, observe more, read more, experience more, think more, accumulate more and practice more, can we improve the composition ability of primary school students and let them write more and better compositions. In a word, according to the actual situation of students, students' writing level will naturally improve gradually by using various means reasonably and slowly cultivating their interest in writing.