First place:
Xiaozhong Mountain
Song Yuefei
The cicadas couldn't stop singing in the cold last night.
Returning to a thousand-mile dream has been updated for the third time.
Get up and walk around the steps alone.
The people are quiet and the moon is bright outside the curtain.
The white head is for fame, and the old mountains and old pines and bamboos hinder the return journey.
I want to express my thoughts to Yaoqin.
If you have few close friends, no one will listen when your string is broken.
Brief Analysis
A passionate dream was shattered like this. The only way to express my heartfelt sighs and sighs is through the sound of the piano---that is the blood of this anti-gold patriot who "returns my country and my country"! However, amid the clamor for "peace talks", who is the true confidant of this cracking string? The mangosteens in my hometown have grown old, and the strong men’s temples have turned white. At this moment, the only thing that fills the realm of poetry is the sad and mournful chants of crickets under the dim moonlight...
Second:
Autumn Waves
Song Dynasty Lu You
On the evening of July 16, I climbed up to the Happy Pavilion to look at the Nanshan Mountain of Chang'an
In autumn, I mourned at the corner of the border town and the beacon light illuminated the high platform. The sad song strikes the building, relying on the high wine, this joy is leisurely!
A passionate person is like the moon in the southern mountains, especially when the clouds open at dusk. The smokey willows in Baqiao and the pond in Qujiang are waiting for people to come.
Notes
This poem was written in the autumn of the eighth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign (1172), when Lu You was forty-eight years old. At that time, he was serving as a secretary-general of the Sichuan Xuanfu envoy and a procurator-general in Nanzheng (now Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). During this period, Lu You actively offered advice to Wang Yan, the Xuanfu envoy. The favorable situation ahead and the actual life in the military inspired the author's strong desire to regain Chang'an. This poem reflects the author's concern for the progress of the war, his eagerness to regain Chang'an, and his firm belief in victory. Like Lu You's other poems, the words are filled with strong patriotic passion.
The first film is about climbing high and drinking wine. The opening two sentences describe the autumn colors and tense fighting atmosphere on the northwest front. The plaintive sound of horns and the flames of beacon fires are intertwined, rendering a vivid and powerful picture of the frontier and front lines, providing a very open environment for the poet to climb high and drink wine. In the three lines of "Elegy" in the background, the poet appears head-on. Through two typical actions, he shows the poet's love for the motherland and his extremely optimistic mind. The first is "Elegy attacking the building", using the story of Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin, expressing The determination to fight to the death for victory; the second is "relying on high wine". Here is not only a memorial ceremony for the generals who sacrificed their lives for the country, but more importantly, a wish to regain Chang'an and achieve complete victory without reservation. It expresses this ambition and leads to the next part, which is about looking at Chang'an in the distance and looking forward to victory. The two sentences "Sentimental people are like the moon in the south mountain, especially when the clouds are opening", which uses personification to empathize. Yu Jing. The author was happy to find that the floating dusk clouds had dispersed at some point, revealing the exceptionally bright moon on the night of the 16th, which illuminated the Chang'an in the distance as if it were daytime. It is ruthless but affectionate. How can the poet not be overjoyed about this? It is precisely because of such good natural conditions that the poet stands on the Happy Pavilion and looks far away, aiming his imagination from Nanzheng to Chang'an. The goal is so concentrated and clear. The poet seems to really see the willows on both sides of Baqiao outside Chang'an City swaying in the wind. On the Qujiang River in the south of Chang'an City, countless pavilions and pavilions have opened their doors, anticipating the early victory of the Southern Song Dynasty army.
With vivid words and full emotion, this poem depicts that everyone from the "Mingyue" and "Dusk Clouds" to the "Smoke Willow" and "Chiguan" are looking forward to the Song Army regaining their lost ground. , The scene of returning from victory has an obvious romantic sentiment. The bold imagination and personification techniques in the poem add to the charm of this poem.
Third:
Expressing feelings.
Lu You of the Song Dynasty
In those days, I was looking for a chance to win, and I was garrisoning Liangzhou. Where did the dream of Guanhe end?
Hu Wei. The beginning of autumn is gone, and the tears are flowing. Who would have thought that in this life, my heart is in Tianshan, and I am old in Cangzhou!
Brief analysis
The beginning of this poem expresses the author's devotion to the country. A man of lofty ideals! But in the poem, he is clearly a white-haired old man living in the shadows of the mountains.
Fourth:
鹹江月
Wen Tianxiang of the Song Dynasty
The universe is so great that dragons and Yuan are not things in the pond. There is no place to worry about the wind and rain, and there are even cold insects on the walls. If the flow is like this, there will be heroes.
When I return to the Huaihe River, all the beauty in the mirror has changed, and only the loyal heart cannot be extinguished. Looking back on the sand, the mountains and rivers are as green as hair. I remember my old friends, and the moon is waning on the rhododendron branches. The four lines of "The universe can be great" use the metaphor of a dragon temporarily crouching in a pond, but it will eventually soar, indicating that although it is imprisoned, it still has great ambitions. The anti-Yuan war failed. All this is not only an expression of one's own thoughts and feelings, but also a reflection of their like-minded friend Deng Yan's unique encouragement of fighting spirit and their unique long journey. The two sentences "The river flows like this" place hope in the future and are not pessimistic about the country's rejuvenation. Say goodbye to the next film. The two sentences "The beauty in the mirror" show that this heart and ambition will remain unchanged until death.
The three sentences "Go to Longsha" indicate that the person is gradually heading north, but his heart is finally heading south, so that he often looks back and has infinite nostalgia for his motherland. The last two sentences say that after death, the soul will turn into a cuckoo. When you hear the cuckoo's cry on a moonlit night, that is my "return of the soul." The author's poem "Jinlingyi" reads: "From now on, I bid farewell to Houjiangnan Road, turning into a cuckoo and returning with blood." This is the same meaning. The struggle continued during life, but after death, he still cherished his motherland and his loyalty was never extinguished. This is such a sincere patriotism! Compared with his eternal famous saying "No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will be remembered for history", the intention is actually the same, but the expression is just poetry and music. At that time, Zhou Mi, Wang Yisun, Zhang Yan and others wrote poems for the survivors, mourning the death of the Southern Song Dynasty. They were deeply saddened, but they often felt distressed and hesitated to speak, and their mood was too depressing and depressed. In contrast, Wen Tianxiang's poems show that although the country has perished, his righteousness remains, his body is about to die but his ambition is undying, and there is no trace of dejection. It is indeed the descendant of the patriotic poems of Xin Qiji and Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty, and composed a high-pitched song for the Southern Song Dynasty. The end of entering the clouds. Wang Guowei's "Renjian Ci Hua" believes: "Wen Wenshan Ci has a very high character and a state of mind, far above Sheng Yu (Wang Yisun), Shu Xia (Zhang Yan), and Gong Jin (Zhou Mi)." Indeed, regardless of Song poetry, , Song Ci, all should have Wen Tianxiang as their leader.
Fifth:
Yongyu nostalgic for the past in Guting, Beiguting, Jingkou, Lejingkou
Xin Qiji
Throughout the ages, there is no hero to be found, and Sun Zhong seeks a place.
On the dancing pavilion and singing stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain.
The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the humane slaves once lived.
Think of those days when we were fierce and powerful, and we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger.
Yuanjia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won the hasty visit to the north.
Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road.
Looking back, under the temple of Buddha Li, there is a Shencrow drum!
Who is to ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?
Notes
① Send slaves: Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yu, sent slaves in small characters. ②Foli: the nickname of Emperor Taiwu of Wei.
Brief Analysis
This is a masterpiece that has been recited through the ages. It is written in a sad and tragic way, and the language is concise and profound. Although there are many allusions, they are related to current affairs and are used very appropriately and artistically. It is very infectious and is one of Xin Qiji's masterpieces.
Sixth:
Going out of the fortress
Wang Changling
The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty,
Thousand-mile long marchers Not returned.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here,
Don’t teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountain.
Notes
But make: if you make.
Dragon City: the place where the Huns worshiped heaven. It is located near the Orkhon River in Mongolia.
Feijiang: refers to the famous Han general Li Guang. The Huns called him "Flying General". Yinshan: In the central part of present-day Inner Mongolia.
Brief Analysis
This is a frontier fortress poem lamenting the constant wars on the frontier and the lack of good generals in the country. The first line of the poem is the most intriguing. It is about Hanguan here, the sigh of the Mingyue Qin Dynasty, which has undergone great historical changes and the battles have not ended. The second sentence describes how many men died on the battlefield and how many tragedies were left before the conscripts were returned. Three or four sentences express the common will of the people for thousands of years, hoping that the "Dragon City Flying General" will appear to calm the chaos and stabilize the border defense. The whole poem uses ordinary language to sing a powerful and open-minded theme. The momentum is smooth and it is completed in one go. Li Panlong of the Ming Dynasty once praised it as the masterpiece among the seven masterpieces of the Tang Dynasty, which is not an exaggeration.
Seventh:
Crossing the Lingding Ocean
After a hard encounter, there are only a few stars all around.
The mountains and rivers are broken, the wind flutters and the catkins float, and the life experience is ups and downs, and the rain and the rain are scattered.
Afraid to say panic on the beach, sigh alone in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has ever died, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history.
About the author
"Crossing the Lingding Ocean" is a famous patriotic seven-character poem by Wen Tianxiang, a minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), minister and writer of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a famous national hero. His courtesy name was Lushan, also named Songrui, and his nickname was Wenshan. He was a native of Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi). At the age of 20, he got the first place in the Jinshi examination and was promoted to Prime Minister and Privy Envoy. In 1276, the Yuan army approached Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was sent to negotiate in the Yuan army camp and was detained. Later, he escaped in Zhenjiang and was rescued by the people. He traveled by sea to Fujian and fought against the Yuan army with Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others. It once regained some lost territory, but was later defeated by the Yuan army. It retreated into Guangdong and fought in the Haifeng and Chaoyang areas. In December of the first year of Xiangxing's reign (1278), Emperor Zhao Bing of the late Song Dynasty was captured by the Yuan army. Later, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for three years. He was repeatedly coerced and induced, and suffered all kinds of torture, but he remained unyielding. On the ninth day of December in the nineteenth year of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (January 9, 1283), he calmly died in Chaishi, showing his steadfast national integrity. Wen Tianxiang's later works closely reflected reality, artistically reflected the author's struggling life and patriotic thoughts, and showed the scenes of the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers and civilians fighting against the Yuan army. They were written in a melancholy, tragic and touching way. Now there is "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan". Famous works such as "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" and "Song of Righteousness" are praised by the world.
Background of the poem
In the first month of 1279, the Yuan army left the Pearl River Estuary and attacked Yashan, the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in today's Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong). Wen Tianxiang was escorted along with him.
The ship passed Lingding Yang (Lingding Yang is at the mouth of the Pearl River in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong, south of Zhongshan City. There is Lingding Mountain by the sea, and the sea below the mountain is called Lingding Yang). Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender the Song Army Commander Zhang Shijie who was holding on to Yashan. , Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his ambition and sternly refuse. Wen Tianxiang's own note recorded in the "Guidebook" said: "On the last day of last month, Marshal Zhang ordered Marshal Li to cross the ship and asked him to write a letter to Zhang Shaobao to surrender. Then he said to him: 'I can't save my parents by myself. Is it okay to teach people to carry their parents on their backs? "Li Buqiang wrote this poem to reach Zhang, but he said that "good people are good at poetry", but they can't force it."
Annotation of the poem
p>"Hard work" sentence: recalls the early life and various hardships since becoming an official. Encounter means to be selected by the imperial court; Qiyijing means to pass the imperial examination and get an official position because of proficiency in a certain scripture. The imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty examined the meaning of classics and selected one of the Five Classics (Yi, Shi, Shu, Rites, and Spring and Autumn). In the fourth year of Baoyou's reign (1256), Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang became the first Jinshi and later became the prime minister. Gang Ge Liao Luo: Liao Luo means deserted and sparse. This means that the war between the Song and Yuan Dynasties is coming to an end. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279) and was unable to resist at this time. Zhouxing: The Zhouxing is the Sui star. The Sui star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so the Zhouxing refers to the twelve years. The four stars are forty-eight years. Wen Tianxiang was forty-four when he wrote this poem. The four stars here are in whole numbers. Most of the old annotations refer to the four years since Wen Tianxiang responded to the imperial edict of King Qin in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, as they are the poet's review of his life experiences.
"Mountains and rivers" sentence: refers to the fact that the national situation and personal destiny are irreversible. Panic Beach: In today's Wan'an County, Jiangxi Province, the water flow is very fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River, the most dangerous one. In the second year of Jingyan's reign (1277), Emperor Ruizong of the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Kongqian, Jiangxi Province, and retreated to Fujian via the panic beach.
"Ling Ding" sentence: Lamenting the current situation and being alone and helpless. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingding Ocean. History: Annals of History. Before the invention of paper, bamboo slips were used to record events. When making bamboo slips, the bamboo must be roasted with fire to remove the sweat (moisture), so it is called history.
The poet reviews his life in one or two sentences, but due to space limitations, the writing method is to cite two events, one for becoming an official and one for defeat in the army, to summarize the rest. The four sentences in the middle closely follow "There are few battles" and clearly express the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in a precarious situation, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and it is even more difficult to talk about personal destiny. But in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret for not being able to win a military victory and reverse the situation two years ago. At the same time, I also felt particularly sad about my isolation and helplessness. Judging from the conception of the whole poem, the first six sentences exaggerate the atmosphere of sadness, anger and hardship to the extreme. The next two sentences change the mood from sadness and anger to excitement, from depression to high pitch. "Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be reflected in history." Throughout the ages, people will inevitably die. If they die to save the motherland, they will sacrifice their lives for righteousness. Their loyalty will hang down in the annals of history and reflect through the ages. These two passionate and generous poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflect his national integrity. Because of these two ending lines, the whole poem has become a masterpiece and a great song for the ages.