The first lesson: the market in the sky
Teaching essentials
1, read and understand poetry as a whole; Understand poetry, poetry, association and imagination and their functions in poetry.
2. Understand the author and writing background; Grasp the rhythm and rhythm of this poem; Understand the expressive function of key words in poetry.
3. Cultivate students' ability of association and imagination. Stimulate students' poetry and encourage them to write poems.
Teaching step
First, get to the point and grasp it as a whole.
(blackboard writing "The Market in the Sky")
Is there a market in the sky? Then let's see what the author wrote in the poem and what happened. Listen to the text and read the tape, then let the students read together, then ask questions and discuss. )
1. Is the street in the sky written by the author good? Where is the beauty?
Let the students speak and discuss to understand the beauty of the market described in the poem. It can be summarized as: beautiful scenery, beautiful streets, beautiful goods, beautiful people and beautiful life. )
2. Is the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in folklore the same as that in the poem?
Let the students talk about the main plot of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, and highlight the tragic ending. )
3. Why did the author write the sky so beautifully? Why should we change the folk tragedy story into beauty, freedom and happiness in poetry? Why did the author write The Market in the Sky?
It is intended to guide students to ask the poet's inner world and introduce the author and writing background. That is, to understand poetry, we must understand the poet's thoughts and writing background. )
Second, the three-dimensional interpretation and appreciation of poetry
1, author and works
Guo Moruo is from Leshan, Sichuan. Famous poet, writer and scholar. Let the students read the notes and grasp the main points. ) His representative poems are Goddess and Starry Sky. Goddess is Guo Moruo's first book of poetry, written from 19 19 to 1920. Poetry is full of uncompromising anti-imperialist and anti-feudal spirit during the May 4th Movement, patriotism and revolutionary romanticism. Starry Sky was written from 192 1 to 1922, which was the most depressing period for poets after the May 4th Movement. At that time, the poet studied in Japan and returned to China twice. Facing the reality of China at that time, the poet felt disappointed and miserable. He hates the dark reality and looks forward to a bright future. However, during the May 4th Movement, the fierce spirit of resistance and fiery enthusiasm have faded. In Starry Sky, the poet expressed strong disappointment and sadness, but also expressed his desire for flying, rebirth and freedom. The market in the sky and Silent Night are both selected from Starry Sky.
The market in the sky was written on June 24th 192 1 10. At that time, although China was baptized by the May 4th anti-imperialist and anti-feudal campaign, it was still in the darkness of warlord scuffle, plundering by foreign powers and people's livelihood. Facing the reality of China at that time, the poet felt disappointed and miserable. He hates the dark reality and looks forward to a bright future. He has his own beautiful fantasies and hopes, which are shown in the market in the sky.
Now please answer again: Why did the author write the poem "The Market in the Sky"? Why write the streets in the sky so beautifully? Why write the life of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl so beautifully, so freely and so happily?
(Revise the students' answers. Writing on the blackboard: expressing the ideals and pursuits in your heart. )
2. Analysis Si Wen: What did the author write in the poem? Clarify the author's writing ideas.
Teachers guide students to summarize what they have written paragraph by paragraph, and let students discuss how the author has written from the ground to the sky and from things to people, highlighting the association process and emotional development. Students are also correctly guided to understand the words in the poem.
(blackboard writing)
Street lamps-stars-markets-goods-exoticism (beauty and prosperity)
Tianhe-Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Travel-Wandering (Freedom and Happiness)
3. Perceptual creation: further understand and distinguish association and imagination.
The author writes from the ground to the sky mainly through association and imagination. The so-called association is the way of thinking and psychological process of thinking from one thing to another. Objective things are always interrelated. Things that are close in space or time form close associations, things with similar characteristics form similar associations, things with opposite relationships form comparative associations, things with causal relationships form causal associations, and so on. The so-called imagination is the process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image. That is, creatively come up with new things or images. (illustrate with specific examples. For example, from stars to street lamps, from street lamps to markets, these are associations; To think of a street in the sky is a kind of creation, that is, imagination. )
4. Taste the language: Read the text together again, focusing on which words are used well and which sentences are particularly beautiful.
(1) The "flash" and "dot" in the first section describe the characteristics of stars and street lamps. The metaphor of the first two sentences is that the ontology is a "street lamp" and the metaphor is a "star"; The noumenon of the latter two metaphors is "star" and the vehicle is "street lamp". This is a back-and-forth metaphor, which is particularly beautiful to read, and the content is associated with the sky from the ground. These two metaphors form a bridge or ladder from the ground to the sky, which is written seamlessly and naturally.
(2) Four "affirmations" and one "affirmations" are used in the last three paragraphs, indicating a very positive tone. Obviously it is fiction, but saying "affirmation" expresses strong subjective feelings and shows the author's strong desire and pursuit for a better life.
(3) The word "coming and going" is because the two sides of Tianhe are separated, and "wandering" means reunion and enjoying the happiness of reunion. The position and collocation of these two words are very accurate and must not be interchanged.
(4) "Flower" is a quantifier used for meteors, not "stars", which describes the beauty of meteors, just like flowers. Be integrated with the beautiful life of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
5, try to figure out the rhythm: learn to grasp the rhythm and rhythm of this poem.
(1) Read this new poem to see if it rhymes. How to rhyme? (Summary of students' speeches)
Rhyme: Section 1 "Star"-"Lamp" Section 2 "City"-"Odd"
Section 3 "width"-"walk" Section 4 "swim"-"walk"
The rhyme of this poem is at the end of two or four sentences in each section, and the rhyme of each section is different. The first paragraph is that ing is similar to eng, the second paragraph is the same as I, the third paragraph is the same as uang, and the fourth paragraph is the same as ou.
In fact, there are no strict rules on the rhyme of new poetry, as long as it has a sense of rhythm and fluency. There are many new poems that don't rhyme, but those that rhyme are always more beautiful and catchy than those that don't rhyme.
(2) Rhythm: Generally speaking, new poetry has a certain rhythm, just like singing has a rhythm. The sense of rhythm can increase the aesthetic feeling of poetry, read the rhythm of poetry and enhance the understanding and comprehension of poetry. Let a student read first, ask the rhythm, and then correct it. The teacher can simply explain some ambiguous situations. )
(3) Read the whole poem aloud and feel the emotional tone of the whole poem. How to read poetry in this emotional tone?
The emotional tone of this poem is beautiful, quiet, comfortable, fresh and slightly melancholy. When reading aloud, the rhythm should not be strong, the voice should not be loud, the speed should not be fast, and it should be relaxed, soft and soothing. (Play the recording. After listening to the tape, please try to read aloud according to your impression of listening to the tape. The teacher will distinguish the rhythm and stress of this poem clearly. )
Third, inspire poetry and encourage writing poetry.
The students are in the flower-like age, which is a poetic era, full of fantasy and imagination. This is a poetic era, and I am good at writing poems. Everyone should read more poems and learn to write them. Today's homework is to ask everyone to boldly use rhetorical methods such as metaphor, personification and exaggeration to write a poem with the help of association and imagination. You can write about the stars in the universe, the sun and the moon, the morning and dusk, after class, spring flowers and autumn grass, heavy rain and strong winds, conversations between people, monologues of the soul ... it is best to feel them. Well written, we can collect them and run a poetry magazine.
blackboard-writing design
Market in the sky (from the starry sky)
Guo Moruo
Market in the sky: beautiful scenery, beautiful market, beautiful goods, beautiful people and beautiful life.
Creativity and content: street lamps-stars-markets-goods-exoticism (beauty and prosperity)
Express your ideals and pursuits.
Tianhe-Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Travel-Wandering (Freedom and Happiness)
Association: Thinking of one thing from another.
Imagination: creatively proposing new things or images
Words: Flash point will definitely make you linger.
Rhyme: Section 1 "Star"-"Lamp" Section 2 "City"-"Odd"
Section 3 "width"-"walk" Section 4 "swim"-"walk"
The second class: Christmas Eve.
Teaching essentials
1, grasp poetry as a whole and understand poetry; Focus on the meaning of the last two poems.
2. Learn to understand the relationship between scenery description (real writing) and associative imagination (imaginary writing) in poetry; Do association and rewriting exercises.
Teaching step
First, the introduction of the new lesson
The Market in the Sky tells a beautiful night scene, which arouses the author's endless reverie, imagines a beautiful, happy and free picture of life in the sky, and expresses the author's yearning for a better life. Today, we are going to learn another poem by Guo Moruo, Thoughts on a Quiet Night, which was also written in 192 1. One night when I was studying in Japan, facing the dim moonlight, I triggered the poet's association and imagination and expressed the poet's endless feelings.
Second, interpret the works.
1, model reading; Read it together.
2. Analyze and understand poetry in detail.
(1) What scenery is written in the first section?
-Moonlight, pine forests, white clouds and sparse stars.
(2) What kind of scenes do these scenes make up?
-the moonlight is hazy, covering the pine forest, and the clouds cover the sun, the moon and the stars. Give people a hazy and quiet beauty.
(3) What scenery is written in the second section?
-Tianhe, Wuhai, Jiao Ren and Liu Zhu
(4) What is the function of "Where is Tianhe" in the second quarter? Does it have anything to do with the first section?
-Connect the front and the bottom, and make association. Because the moon and stars naturally associate with Tianhe, and because of "white clouds", Tianhe can't be seen, which leads to the question "where is Tianhe?" The transition from top to bottom is very natural and closely related.
(5) Did you answer "Where is Tianhe?" ?
Yes, "the distant sea fog is fuzzy" is the answer, that is, "Tianhe is in that distant foggy place" This shows that "where is Tianhe" is a rhetorical question.
(6) Why did the author write the word "sea"? Is it used well?
-Good use. Because white clouds are as vast as the sea, they are clouds of sea; The sea of clouds in the moonlight is hazy and foggy, so it is sea fog. The poet was once again associated with the "sea", which led to fairy tales in the sea.
(7) Look at the notes and understand the last two sentences. Let the students speak first, and then the teacher will add further.
-Supplement: Jiao Ren, also known as "Jiao Ren". Mermaids in myths and legends. Zhang Hua's "Natural History" also said: "Jiao Ren came out of the water, stayed with people for a long time, sold his wares, seized his main wares, and cried like a plate of pearls." Legend has it that the yarn woven by Jiao Ren is called "lace". "Different Records": "Tears yarn is produced in the South China Sea, and Spring Chamber (referring to Jiao Ren) dives into it. One dragon yarn costs more than 100 gold and is not suitable for water."
(8) "Jiao Ren is on the shore", where is the shore?
-On the coast of the South China Sea, on the coast where the sea fog is blurred, that is, in the sky. There is a sea in the sky and Jiao Ren on the shore. Of course, it can also be understood as the bank of the Tianhe River.
(9) Why write "Beads on the Moon"? What kind of feelings did you express?
In this myth and legend, the most beautiful and magical thing is that the eyes will shed tears. Therefore, when the author imagines Jiao Ren, he will naturally think of her magical skills. But what kind of feelings does this express? Summarize on the basis of students' discussion.
This poem was written by the poet while studying in Japan. Considering the background and the poet's situation at that time, we can feel that at that time, the author was disappointed with reality and missed his motherland, hometown and relatives. At this moment of moonlight, although the poet wrote that Jiao Ren was sprinkling pearls on the moon, it was actually the poet himself who shed tears on the moon. The poet's sadness, helplessness and melancholy at this time turned into tears to express his sadness and thoughts. The author's purpose in writing about Jiao Ren is to write his own feelings, but through such association and imagination, it is both subtle and beautiful.
It can be summarized as: a sad story, expressing the author's disappointment with reality and homesickness for his motherland, hometown and relatives.
3. Read this poem together again and feel the feelings expressed by the author.
4. Guo Moruo's two poems have played a rich role in association and imagination. Generally speaking, the prospect of writing is real, and the imagination that is not in front of you is generally called imaginary writing. Please find out the real writing and imaginary writing in the two poems respectively.
-The first section of "The Market in the Sky" is real, while the second, third and fourth sections are fictional; In Silent Night, the first section is real writing, and the second section is imaginary writing.
Any two words can be connected by four or five progressive associations. For example, "wood" and "ball" are two words with very different meanings, but we can associate them from "wood" to "ball" in four steps:
Woods-Woods, Woods-fields, fields-football fields, football fields-balls.
You also try to complete the association between "heaven" and "tea", "pen" and "moon". You can also choose two words at will to practice association.
Third, read body odor and consolidate exercises.
1. Please see the third exercise at the back of the text. Read Twilight first, briefly discuss poetry, and then rewrite the original poem into an essay. If you have time, you can finish it in class and communicate in class. If there is not enough time, you can leave it to finish after class.
Supplement: Sunset is a short poem describing the scenery. The poet Fei Ming said in the 1940s, "The Sunset by Guo Moruo is a masterpiece of new poetry. If I had to choose a new poem by China, I would have to. " This evaluation is somewhat exaggerated, but it also shows the charm of this little poem. The poem weaves a fairy-tale scene with metaphor, which shows the poet's rich imagination and kind and beautiful childlike innocence.
2. According to the requirements of the students in the last class and their own writing situation, continue to encourage students to write poems to prepare for the next practice class.
blackboard-writing design
Christmas Eve (from the starry sky)
Guo Moruo
Moonlight-pine forest-white clouds-sparse stars (hazy and quiet beauty)
Tianhe-Haiwu-Jiao Ren-Liu Zhu (sad story, expressing disappointment with reality and missing relatives in the motherland)
"Wood" and "Ball": Wood-Woods-Fields-Football Field-Ball (Lenovo)