January: melting snow
February: fine oak
March: the geese return
April: The tide is rising.
May: Back from Argentina.
June: fishing pastoral poetry
July: a huge territory
August: Blue Ranch
September: Singing Woods
October: dark gold
November: If I were the wind.
December: Go home
The second part of the paper-landscape characteristics
Wisconsin
Illinois and Iowa
Arizona and New Mexico
Chihuahua and Sonora
Oregon and Utah
manitoba, lake
The third part is rural interests.
village
Wild animals and plants in American culture
Lujing
Goose music
The fourth part is the conclusion
Land ethics
wasteland
Environmental aesthetics
Appendix 1 the author's life
English-Chinese Comparison of Animal and Plant Names in Appendix 2
The moral of the translated article is extremely profound. Leopold tried to explain that ordinary people may play a decisive role in an era when the environmental system on which life on this planet depends is deteriorating worldwide. His article is not a defense pleading for strong government intervention, nor is it to mobilize religious pamphlets advocating the end of the world by exaggerating people's fear of survival crisis. He tried to strengthen people's understanding of land on the basis of expounding the ecological function of land, so as to stimulate people's love and respect for land. He believes that through understanding and love, a sense of moral responsibility will be generated in behavior, thus maintaining this perfect function. It also expresses an almost immortal ecology and ethics about people and land.
Leopold's article, through the description of his relationship with the land, found more and more readers who were willing to accept new ideas among those who had never been to Shaxiang in Wisconsin and the places he described. The American edition of this book has sold more than 6,543,800 copies, and Leopold's land ethics has become the basis of the action goals of many national environmental protection organizations and government agencies. His thoughts also spread overseas. Shaxiang Yearbook has been translated into Russian, Japanese, French and German, and will be published in Chinese according to Hou's emotional translation.
In her translation, Hou injected a love for nature, an affinity for many places and environments described by Leopold, and her appreciation of China culture, language and literature. She used to wander in the Woods, grasslands and swamps of Leopold Shaxiang Farm in summer and winter. I discussed his theory with several children of Leopold. And with other people familiar with Leopold's spiritual heritage, he further discussed his views on science and literature. Therefore, she is very qualified to introduce a writer to her compatriots in China-a writer that compatriots in the same land may always remember no matter where they are.
In this version of Leopold's classic translated by Hou, she added an autobiographical preface written by Leopold earlier for this book. After Leopold wrote a shorter and deeper preface used in this book, he intends to modify the previous preface into an appendix. However, just when the book was accepted for publication by Oxford Press, Leopold died, so it could not be revised, and the preface was never published. This is really a pity, because in many ways he better reveals the special life experience produced by different articles.
As the Chinese version of the Yearbook of Shaxiang is accompanied by the original preface, China's readers will be able to better understand the ever-changing historical situation in Leopold's era and some of his responses to these situations. Leopold's appeal for ecological understanding, moral awareness and responsible land management may arouse strong repercussions among readers in this country, which is also experiencing huge economic growth, but also facing various serious environmental problems. Aldo leopold (1887- 1948), a famous American theorist, scientist, environmentalist, pioneer of environmental protection, father of wildlife protection, and "father of wildlife management in the United States", is known as "prophet of America" and "enthusiastic observer, keen thinker and accomplished literary master". Leopold has been engaged in forestry and prey management for a long time. The Yearbook of Shaxiang is his most famous work. This is a collection of essays and philosophical essays, which is the crystallization of his observation, experience and thinking all his life. Land ethics is the most representative.
"People often take it for granted that wild animals are like breezes and sunrises and sunsets, and they will die until they slowly disappear in front of us. The problem we are facing now is whether to spend money on natural, wild and free creatures for a high-quality life. We humans are only a small part of the whole biological world, so it is more important to have a chance to really see the wild geese in nature than to watch them on TV. The opportunity to find a Chinese Pulsatilla is as sacred as our right to speak. "
Aldo Leopold
Aldo leopold was born in Burlington, Iowa on June1887+1October1. His father is an excellent mahogany furniture manufacturer; Grandfather is a German, well-educated gardener. He grew up in a luxurious mansion overlooking the Mississippi River. Because the house is built on a cliff on the river bank, coming down from the cliff and crossing the railroad tracks is the wide Mississippi River, which is the only place on the mainland where 1/4 wild ducks and geese migrate once a year, so the floodplain here is a growing natural wildlife paradise in aldo leopold.
Aldo's brother Frederick said, "When I was a child, aldo seldom spoke, but he was a clever student. He has read many books and knows what animals live on and what natural enemies they have. He is so keen on outdoor life that he seems to have inherited it from his father. "
On the morning of late autumn, aldo Jr. and his father put on high boots under the dim kerosene lamp and went all the way down the mountain to the railway station. They had some fried pork beans and baked apples for breakfast. Then I crossed the Mississippi River by train and came to a swamp, where I waited for the call of wild ducks in the muskrat house. If it is not in the season when wild ducks appear, they will search everywhere in the swamp, explore mink caves and see what they are eating. Before the federal government issued a law prohibiting hunting in animal breeding season, aldo's father decided that it was wrong to do so, so he didn't hunt in winter, and his spirit was inherited by aldo.
While studying in Burlington, New Jersey and Yale University, aldo has always been interested in ornithology and the history of natural science. He kept everything he observed in his diary, which became the habit of his life.
1909 In July, after graduating from Yale University with a master's degree in forestry, he joined the newly established National Forest Service and was sent to Arizona and New Mexico. In those days, aldo quickly gained a lot of work experience and was promoted. 19 12 became the director of Carson State Forestry Bureau in northern New Mexico.
In that remote place, aldo experienced a cruel snowstorm and suffered from acute nephritis. This serious illness almost killed him, and at the same time ended his days working there. More than a year later, aldo recovered in his hometown of Burlington.
Aldo returned to New Mexico and the Forest Service. 19 15 was appointed to be responsible for fishing and hunting activities in the southwest of the forest bureau. Before aldo managed the southwest fishing and hunting activities, the Forestry Bureau signed an agreement with the state government, stipulating that the forest police could also represent the hunting supervisors of the state government. No one has been arrested since aldo got there. He immediately drafted a fishing and hunting manual, which stipulated the rights and obligations of officials in charge of forests in the corresponding hunting work, and set up stakes to protect them in some areas, set up hunting protection groups, strictly enforced the hunting protection law, created refuge homes for animals, and revived the exhausted water resources and land.
Before leaving Southwest Administration to work in Madison National Forest Products Laboratory, aldo put forward a new idea. He suggested that the Forestry Bureau designate areas without roads as nature reserves. He doesn't want to see these areas opened up as various entertainment places, such as camping places, private or commercial rental places, etc. 1924, the Forestry Bureau adopted his suggestion and opened the great poisonous lizard area in New Mexico as a wild nature reserve, which was 40 years earlier than the famous Wildlife Protection Law.
Aldo didn't stay in the forest products laboratory for a long time. He needs a job related to wildlife protection. With the support of the Sports Weapons Manufacturers Association, he began to investigate wildlife in several important northern states. These investigations and the publication of hunting management books have made aldo one of the authorities of hunting animal management in China and known as the father of American wildlife management. So the University of Wisconsin invited him to take a course in hunting management, and aldo became a teacher at the University of Wisconsin at 1933. Aldo's courses are very popular. He teaches students how to observe nature, understand what they see, and get pleasure from understanding. In aldo's class, there is an exercise that may confuse students. This exercise requires students to have a deep understanding of the relationship between animals and plants, soil, land use and seasonal changes in nature. "... choose a plant and animal you saw on campus today and explain its role in Wisconsin history. "
For many years, as a pastime of weekend activities, aldo has been looking around Madison. He found an abandoned farmland, a salinized swamp and a small bald mountain made of quicksand at the bend of the Wisconsin River. The only building is a chicken coop, part of which is stuck in the mud. Aldo bought this place and began to restore its ecological environment.
Aldo believes that the future of American wildlife depends largely on the protection of private land and the attitudes and decisions of American farmers and landowners.
1948 On April 24th, aldo died of a heart attack. At that time, he was helping his neighbor put out a prairie fire, which also threatened the land he bought. A week before his death, Oxford Press called him and said that they agreed to publish a collection of essays he had searched for 194 1 year. 1949, a collection of essays "Shaxiang Yearbook" was officially published. This book is an observation diary of aldo's life, which reflects the internal relationship between ecology and morality.
Aldo's former residence is still preserved in the sand by the Wisconsin River. It represents a spirit and a simple way of life. Aldo's representative works include Land Ethics and Shaxiang Yearbook.
His book "The Yearbook of Shaxiang" and "The Return of the Wild Goose" were selected as the second volume of the eighth grade Chinese of People's Education Press (14 lesson).
His book Thinking Like a Mountain in Shaxiang Yearbook has also been selected as a compulsory document for Grade One Chinese in Jiangsu Education Edition and a textbook for Grade Eight Chinese in Changchun Edition (14 lesson).