Cultivate three or four acres of mountain fields.
Miao and Shu taxes are not allowed,
The input official warehouse is turned into soil.
At the end of the year, the plow leaned against the empty room.
Hu er climbed up the mountain to collect acorns.
Xijiang Jiazhuke White Lake,
Dogs on board eat meat.
Tip: The old farmers in Xieshishan village are suffering from cruel exploitation and oppression. They work all the year round without food.
The old man lives in poverty in the mountains and lives by planting three or four acres of mountain fields. Less land, more taxes, no food. The grain was sent to the warehouse of the government, and finally rotted and turned into soil. All the year round, there are only hoes and plows left at home, so we have to send our son up the mountain to pick acorns to satisfy his hunger. On the ship of a wealthy businessman from the west of the Yangtze River, hundreds of precious stones are measured with hooves, and even the dogs on board eat meat all the year round.
Poetry Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry Appreciation
Zhang Ji is one of the masters of the new Yuefu movement. "Elegant and elegant, never tasted empty words" (Bai Juyi's Reading Ancient Yuefu), the spirit of his Yuefu poems is similar to that of Yuan and Bai; The specific method is slightly different. Bai Juyi's satirical poems are often "exciting and qualitative", which are long and inevitably exhausted and exposed. Zhang Ji's Yuefu, such as this "Wild Old Songs", is different.
This * * * poem is very short, but its rhyme is changed repeatedly. Poetry can be divided into three layers according to the transformation of rhyme. The first four sentences come straight to the point, writing that Shan Nong has worked hard all the year round and can't eat. The word "poor old peasants live in the mountains, plowing three or four acres of farmland" and "mountain" emphasize that this is a mountain peasant (poem named "Shan Nong Ci"). Nothing grows on the mountain, crops are widely planted, and crops are thin. The harvest of "three or four acres" will not be much. The deep mountain is a farmer, but he is poor and wants to escape rent. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty was in an eventful autumn, with financial difficulties and feudal exploitation everywhere. No matter how deep the mountain is, there should be no plan to avoid the levy. "Sparse seedlings" means less harvest, less harvest and more taxes, which will inevitably lead to the unreasonable phenomenon of not letting workers eat. If we only write about the general fact that grain "went into the official warehouse", the depth is not enough, and the writing of the word "turned into soil" reveals a shocking social reality. On the one hand, the old peasants are cattle and horses all year round, so that the land can grow food; On the one hand, bureaucrats get something for nothing, and they easily "turn the war into friendship", which actually constitutes a sharp contrast. Fortunately, it not only shows the pain of the old farmer being deprived, but also shows the pain of seeing his hard work trampled on. Therefore, although only telling the facts, the language is extremely simple and painful to read, and every word is blood and tears.
It is still Chen Qi's business to write five or six sentences that the old farmer had to pick wild fruits to satisfy his hunger because of his livelihood: "At the end of the year, hoe the plow to leave an empty room and call acorns to climb the mountain." However, this is a thought-provoking fact: after working hard for a year, I won an "empty room"-nothing, which really makes people "how can I die?" In winter, farm tools that have worked hard for a year can rest against the wall, but people who have worked hard for a year can't rest. The grain is hard to harvest, but the acorns are harvested. The connotation of the two sentences is not exhausted. The word "Hu Er climbs the mountain" means that the old farmer is old and weak, and he wants his sons to go out together and pick wild fruits on the mountain. Acorn is an oak tree, which looks like chestnuts and can satisfy hunger. Writing "Tiger Picking Acorns on the Mountain" does have the flavor of living in the mountains, which reminds people of Du Fu's famous sentence "Picking Acorns with Snipers at the Age of 20, Living in a Deep Valley in Cold Dusk" ("Seven Songs in Tonggu County, Gan Yuan"). It is difficult to write without life experience and in-depth observation of life.
Before the old farmer's words were finished, the last two sentences were a slap in the face, which led to the sentence "Xijiang Jiake". The waters of Guangxi, Guizhou and Chongqing meet in Cangwu County, Guangxi, and flow eastward to Xijiang, also known as Shangjiang. "Xijiang Jiake" refers to a businessman engaged in jewelry business in Guangxi, so the poem says "Zhu Baihu". Its location and its people seem to have nothing to do with Shan Nong's wildness, and there is no narrative language in the poem, which is extremely jumping. However, on the one hand, the youngest climber is extremely poor to pick wild fruits; On the one hand, "dogs eat meat on the boat" is extremely extravagant and constitutes a sharp contrast. People are inferior to dogs, which reveals a very unreasonable social phenomenon. Dogs kept on boats are different from hounds and domestic dogs. They are simply full and idle all day, and this image itself can also cause meaningful associations. At the end of the author's poem "The Joy of Estimating Customers", there is a phrase "No matter how heavy the farmers are, they would rather give up selling treasures", but the technique is similar to this, but it has lyrical elements, and this poem doesn't even have such a literal meaning, so it is more implicit.
The whole poem seems to be practical, just like an unfinished story, which is completely contrary to the practice of "dying to show one's will", but it is thought-provoking. The poet's ideological tendency is very clear and the practical significance is extremely profound. Its main technology lies in the contrast of images. There are two kinds of contrast in the poem, the former is more subtle, the latter is more obvious, and the application is rich in change. The choice of the image of the old man, especially the cruelty of feudal exploitation and the irrationality of the world, is typically short in length and rhymes repeatedly, giving people a lively and round impression; Even if the language is approachable, it has the advantages of white poetry.