The first poem is a five-character ancient poem. This poem has four rhymes, and the first eight sentences are one rhyme; The middle eight sentences have a rhyme every four sentences; The last six sentences are rhyming. Poetry can also be divided into four layers according to rhyme. The first three layers basically describe the spectacular wonders of waterfalls and belong to landscape language; Only the last layer expresses its will and feelings, which belongs to emotional language. The first three layers also have their own emphasis: the first layer describes the main scene of the waterfall from the front; The second layer depicts the waterfall deeper and thinner from the imaginary place; The third layer compares the dynamics of the waterfall from the upper and lower sides. The last layer is tackled first, and the binding is naturally simple. The first two sentences explain the foothold and direction of "Wanglushan Waterfall". Then fourteen sentences describe the majestic momentum of the waterfall and the poet's admiration from different angles with various images. The so-called "hanging 300 feet" and "the first earthquake when the river falls", that is, the second song "Flying down three dead feet, suspecting that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days", is not as concise and vivid as the latter. The last six sentences express the poet's interest and desire. From this poem, we can see the aloof and secluded side of Li Bai's thought.
Five-character ancient poems pay attention to interest scheduling, express their feelings directly, are simple and true, and are full of weather. The poet's emotional ups and downs are synchronized with the rhythm of poetry, forming the power to infect people. Li Bai is good at Yuefu and Gexing, and often uses Yuefu and Gexing as the most appropriate art form, expressing his unconstrained imagination, vertical and horizontal talents, unruly thoughts and unrestrained emotions with his extraordinary talents. These poems are so learned that they float in the air and suddenly leave, disdaining to engrave chapters and sentences, and are too lazy to engrave their hearts deliberately. They are unconstrained style, unconstrained style. This is the case with five ancient poems. Li Bai wrote the Lushan Waterfall very magnificently. The poet expressed his affection for the mountains and rivers, from "Xideng incense burner peak" to "bubbling dome stone", and the last three sentences were lyrical. The word "empty" in "The sea breeze keeps blowing, and the moon shines on the river" shows that the poet is looking for a feeling of "leisure" and also reflects Li Bai's elegant style. Under the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain, the poet borrows the scenery to express his thoughts directly, and the language is simple and true, but it can still infect readers. Although the first poem is an ancient poem, there are many antitheses in it. Readers in ancient and modern times often say that this poem is not as well written as the second quatrain, but many people point out that this poem has its own wonderful sentences. For example, after the story of fishing in Tiaoxi Conghua, Volume 4: "However, I said that the ancient poem before Taibai said:' The sea breeze blows constantly, and the moonlight shines on the river'. Openness and conciseness are better than quatrains. " Ge's "Yun Zai" Volume 12: "From the perspective of others, the study of the Milky Way is still related to analogy. As mentioned earlier,' the sea breeze keeps blowing, and the moonlight on the river is still empty'. It is gratifying to walk out of a road. " On Mei Dong's poems, Wei Juan also said that these two sentences are "concise, better than quatrains, and truly excellent works in ancient and modern times", and that "it is not enough to see the beauty of poetry without looking at this scene".
The second song is a seven-character quatrain. The incense burner in this poem, that is, the incense burner peak mentioned at the beginning of the poem, "in the northwest of Lushan Mountain, its peak is round, and the clouds gather and disperse, like Boshan incense burner" (music history "Taiping Huan Ji"). But when it comes to the poet Li Bai's pen, it becomes another scene: an indomitable incense burner, clouds of white smoke rising slowly in Ran Ran, ethereal between the green mountains and the blue sky, and turned into a purple cloud under the irradiation of the red sun. This not only makes the incense burner peak more beautiful, but also romantic, creating an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet turned his eyes to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Before the waterfall hangs over the river", the first four words are the key points. "Hanging in front of the river" is the first image of "looking", and the waterfall is like a huge white practice hanging high between mountains and rivers. The word "hanging" is wonderful. It turns from dynamic to static, vividly showing the image of pouring waterfalls in the first poem of Yuanwang. "Brave!" It is this "nature" that can "hang" the giant, so the word "hanging" also contains the poet's praise for the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying three thousands of feet", stroke by stroke, every word is forceful. The word "fly" vividly depicts the scene of the waterfall spewing out; "Straight down" not only describes the steep slope of the mountain, but also indicates the urgency of the water flow. The sky is falling and unstoppable. However, the poet was not satisfied enough, and wrote another sentence, "It is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days". He really wants to fall from the sky and surprise his soul. "Doubt is" is worth pondering. The poet clearly said it in a trance, and the readers know that it is not, but they all think that only in this way can it be more vivid and true. The secret lies in the image that has been bred in the poet's previous description. The towering incense burner peak is hidden in the clouds. Looking at the waterfall in the distance is like flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky, which naturally associates with a galaxy falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor of "doubt is the milky way for nine days" is strange, it does not appear out of thin air in the poem, but naturally emerges from the portrayal of the image. It is exaggerated and natural, novel and true, thus arousing the resonance of the whole article, making the whole image more colorful, magnificent and magnificent, which not only left a deep impression on people, but also gave people room for imagination, showing Li Bai's artistic style of "Wan Li fell, but the trend was still strong at the end".
Wei Qingzhi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "The fifth word of the seven-character poem should ring. ..... the so-called Ringo is committed to the place. " This view seems particularly convincing in this poem. For example, the word "health" not only makes the incense burner peak "alive", but also vaguely shows the scene of smoke rising in Shan Ye. The word "hang" has been mentioned before, and the word "fall" is also wonderful. It vividly depicts the majestic momentum of sudden high altitude and huge flow. It is hard to imagine what this poem would look like if these three words were changed.
Xu Ning, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, also wrote a poem "Lushan Waterfall". As the poem says: "Thunder rushes into the river and there is no peace. The ages are like flying white, and the world is broken. " Although the scene is not small, it still gives people a sense of embarrassment, probably because there are waterfalls everywhere, which are very strong and board. Although it is a small poem, it still has a strong flavor. Compared with Li Bai's from the inside out, it is real and ethereal, which is a world of difference. Su Shi said, "The Emperor sent the Milky Way to hang down. In ancient times, there were only immortal words. I don't want to wash my poems with Xu Ning. " Although the poem "Playing Xu Ning Waterfall" is somewhat extreme, its basic tendency is correct, which shows that Su Shi is not only a famous poet, but also an insightful connoisseur.
The first poem, Poems of Five Guis, is not limited in length, so the poet writes "sea breeze", "river moon" and "dome stone" at will, which is full of ups and downs and happy endings. Due to the short space of the second seven wonders, the poet raised the scenery to a higher level with exaggerated metaphors, reaching the extreme of writing waterfalls, which is extremely exaggerated, but fresh and natural, simple and vivid, and at the same time has a turbulent and open momentum, flying and flowing, jumping and swaying, and also has the momentum and characteristics of singing.
Both poems were written by Li Bai, describing the scenery of Lushan Waterfall. A constant habit of Li Bai and Yi Yi in my life is the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain, which shows the aura of the poet's name. He is imaginative, imaginative, magnificent, passionate, natural and fresh as a river and clear as a cloud. The aesthetic characteristics of his poems are the beauty of nature, frankness and freedom. These two poems have such aesthetic characteristics.