On the artistic achievements of Yuefu poetry (urgent! ! ! )

The ideological content and artistic achievement of Yuefu poetry originally refers to the official department of collecting poems and making music in Han Dynasty, and later it gradually became the name of a poetic style. "History of rites and music" records: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to set up a suburban sacrifice ... that is, to set up a Yuefu and read poems at night. There are Zhao, Dai, Qin and Chu. I thought that the coordinator, led dozens of people to write poems, and briefly discussed the rhythm of Lu, with eight tones as the key, and composed a song with 19 chapters. " There is also a record in the History of Han Dynasty: "Since the establishment of Yuefu in Xiaowu, there have been many ballads, so there are generations, obituaries and Qin Chufeng, all of which are happy because of sadness, and they are also known for their vulgarity." As can be seen from the above records, the establishment of official Yuefu organs began with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Taking poetry as fun includes two aspects, one is the eulogy created by literati, and the other is the ballads collected from the people. Collecting folk songs and poems is an important duty of Yuefu organs. Therefore, Yuefu poems refer to poems collected, created and appreciated by Yuefu organs. Folk songs collected by Yuefu were called "songs and poems" in the Han Dynasty and "Yuefu" after the Six Dynasties. Since then, they have been officially renamed as poetic names. Yuefu folk songs are the essence of Yuefu in Han Dynasty. These folk songs are "influenced by sadness and joy and originated from events". They are "novel in form, rich in emotion, simple in writing and realistic in subject matter", representing the highest achievement of poetry creation in that era. According to the Records of Han Dynasty, there are 138 folk songs collected by Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty, but there are only more than 40 folk songs in the two existing Yuefu in the Han Dynasty, and most of them are works of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Most of these works are included in the lyrics such as Harmony, Miscellaneous Songs and Xuange in Yuefu Dai Ji compiled by Guo Maoqian, a poet in the Song Dynasty. Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty were written orally. Although it is inevitably processed and polished by musicians in the process of collecting poems in Yuefu, it basically retains the true colors of folk creation, shines with the brilliance of thought and art, and fully reflects the social reality and people's thoughts and feelings in the Han Dynasty, just like the folk songs in The Book of Songs. From the content point of view, the most striking poems are those that show people's suffering and spontaneous resistance spirit. His works include Woman's Disease, Orphan's Travel, Journey to the East Gate, East of Pingling, Battle of the South of the City, Joining the Army in the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan, etc. A Passage to a Sick Woman can be said to be an excellent social narrative poem in the Han Dynasty, describing the tragedy of a poor family. In the poem, a sick woman said a sad and thought-provoking entrust to her husband before she died: "I'm tired of two or three solitary waves, so my son is hungry and cold, and I've been cautious, so I'm going to shake it and think about it!" After the death of the sick woman, the husband and orphans continued to struggle in the lonely and tragic dying scene: "No clothes when holding, no room", "Crying for mom to hold" and "Wandering in the empty house". The poet chose these tear-jerking cross-sections of life, vividly showing that class exploitation has reached an unbearable level. If "gynecological disease" is an accusation against people's miserable life, then in the poem "East Gate", it clearly shouts out that "there is not a bucket of rice in the pond and there is nothing to hang clothes on the shelf", which is the voice of spontaneous resistance forced by life. The Tenth Five-Year Plan conscription describes a veteran who "joined the army when he was young and returned to his hometown in his later years" and eventually became homeless. The whole article is against war, but it contains a curse on militarism. Poems such as "Joining the Army in the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" and "The Battle of the South of the City" are undoubtedly outstanding masterpieces of this kind of theme in Yuefu folk songs, accusing the people of the profound disasters brought by years of war. In Yuefu folk songs, there are also poems reflecting folk love and marriage life. Regret for the Past is a folk love song. The poem truly expresses a girl's passion and loyalty to love: "I want to know your husband and live a long life", followed by a series of imaginative metaphors, "overlapping words", "There are no graves in the mountains, no rivers to exhaust, Lei Zhen in winter, rain and snow in summer, harmony between heaven and earth, and dare to be with your husband", which pours out her extremely simple and warm feelings. Hu Yinglin said in "Poetry" that "Shangxie" is full of emotion and short in chapter. "Xiang is also a love poem. This poem describes the sweetness of the heroine's coming back to life in her first love, and also describes her determination after hearing that her lover has "other heart": "Wen Jun has other heart, and he can destroy it with miscellaneous things. Destroy it, when the wind blows its ashes, from now on, don't miss it, miss it, and spit out the very strong feelings in your chest! At the end of the poem, the contradictory psychology of rejection and attachment is revealed. The whole poem is ups and downs. Evil and Thinking are excellent love poems in Yuefu folk songs. In the poems of married life, most of them reflect the tragedy of marriage. The works of this kind of poems are: lamentation, white-headed poems, walking on the pond and picking Waterloo on the mountain. From these poems, we can deeply understand the low status of women in feudal society and the deeper suffering they suffered. Compared with similar chapters in The Book of Songs, this kind of poetry has more profound critical significance. In the form of poetry, the dialogue style is fresh and lively, which is more conducive to describing and expressing the author's thoughts and feelings. In the creation reflecting marriage life, the most representative one is the long narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast in terms of criticizing the depth and artistic expression of feudal ethics. It marks the peak of Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty. Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty developed from the style poems in The Book of Songs. In artistic style, it has something in common with the folk songs in The Book of Songs. It is vigorous and fresh, and its language is simple and natural. At the same time, Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty made new progress in artistic innovation. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, vivid narration is the most important artistic feature of Han Yuefu folk songs. Although there are many lyrical and reasoned poems in Yuefu folk songs, their outstanding representative works are some narrative poems, such as A Woman's Illness, A Journey to the East Gate, Picking Novels on the Mountain, Joining the Army in the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan, Mulberry on the Stranger, etc. Ban Gu's "sense of sadness and joy, starting from things" just sums up the characteristics of this kind of poetry. For example, in Gynecology, the wife's dying entrustment and the suffering of the father and son forced by life; In "Travel Notes of the East Gate", it describes her husband's resolute departure; The descriptions of veterans' returning home, seeing and thinking in the Tenth Five-Year Plan conscription are all about their miserable lives, showing a broad picture of real life and expressing the poet's strong feelings of love and hate. Therefore, it can be said that most of the folk songs in the Book of Songs are subjective and lyrical, while the folk songs of Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty focus on objective and social narrative. It is precisely because of the accumulation of long-term creative practice that such a great narrative masterpiece as Peacock Flying Southeast was finally formed. Second, characterization has begun to take shape. In Yuefu folk songs, portraying characters often reveals the inner world of the protagonist and expresses the character through dialogue, monologue and character action. For example, Women's Disease, East Gate and Shang Mo Sang all use the expression of dialogue. In Mulberry in Shang Mo, Luo Fu, a mulberry picker, is witty and brave, and can't be bullied. To a large extent, it is done through the "dialogue" in which the heroine Rove Kwaf refuses to get married. There is also a description in the Tenth Five-Year Conscription that "millet is used as a card and sunflower is used as soup." The blind behavior of the character "I don't know who will harm me" profoundly reveals the loneliness, sadness and indignation of this veteran who returned from the 1980s. Of course, on the whole, the description of characters in Han Yuefu folk songs is still relatively rough. However, compared with this kind of works in The Book of Songs, it has made obvious progress, marking a great development of narrative poetry in the history of China's poetry. Third, the free poetic form and the language features with strong life breath. Han Yuefu folk songs are basically composed of two flexible forms, one is miscellaneous words and the other is five-character poems. Its language is simple and pleasant to listen to, chewy and easy to remember. Amin poet Hu Yingli once commented that "the quality is good, shallow and deep, near and far, and the world literature is invincible"; He also said: "A word is a word, without literary decoration, so it is simple and true, unique in ancient and modern times." Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty had a great influence on later poetry creation. It can be said that in the history of China's poetry, a realistic tradition with Yuefu as the system has been formed. This realistic creative spirit directly influenced the creation of Jian 'an's poems. In the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang advocated "Jian 'an Style", mainly advocating that poetry should take the realistic road of Han Yuefu. Li Bai wrote nearly 100 ancient poems with the old theme of Yuefu. Du Fu's statement that he inherited coquettish style from Han and Wei dynasties was obviously influenced by Yuefu, and Bai Juyi put forward the slogan "Poetry is for things", which carried forward the tradition of Yuefu folk songs that originated from things. The excellent five-character poetry style in Yuefu folk songs has a great influence on the poetry creation of scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty. By the end of the Han Dynasty, during the Jian 'an period, there was a creative situation of "five-character poems". Since then, five-character poetry has become an important traditional form in the history of China's poetry.