1. The scenery is lyrical.
This is the most common way to express emotion in ancient poetry. When a poet feels something about a scene, he puts his feelings in the scene and expresses them by describing the scene.
For example, Du Fu's quatrains:
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
In this short poem, the sun in spring, water in spring, mountains in spring, spring breeze, flowers in spring, grass in spring, swallows, mandarin ducks and so on. Form a beautiful spring scene. Everything grows, flowers and plants are fragrant, and life is full of spring ... The author's love and praise for spring is conveyed through spring scenery, expressing the pleasure of staying in the thatched cottage.
As he Zhang's "Liu Yong":
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
The poet used three metaphors in this poem: a willow tree is a jasper tree, which highlights the green and sparkling willow leaves; The drooping willow branches are like green ribbons, highlighting the drooping and swaying state; The spring breeze in February is like a pair of scissors, cutting off the thin willow leaves one by one. This poem expresses the poet's love for spring through the description of willow trees.
2. borrow things to express your feelings.
Poets use the characteristics of something in nature to express some ambition or emotion. Pay attention to the personification of things in poetry.
For example, Wang Anshi's Mei:
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Yongmei's poem, with a short span of 20 crosses, depicts the plum blossom image that is not afraid of the cold, pure and flawless, aloof and loyal. The poet expresses his ambition through things, showing noble and faithful character of not being afraid of setbacks, difficulties and collusion. This is the image of a lonely and confident reformer who insists on moral integrity and different customs in a crisis-ridden society.
For example, Wang Luobin's "A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada":
Cicada sang in the western land and ordered me to make up my mind in my cell.
However, it needs those songs with black wings to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? .
The author was framed in prison, and was deeply moved when he heard the cicada singing on the ancient locust outside the prison. He wrote this poem. The author uses cicada to compare himself, and uses the elegance of cicada to express the sadness of his noble character being falsely accused, and to express his desire to distinguish innocence and revenge.
3. Lyric with allusions.
Poets use allusions to express their feelings, criticize reality and satirize current events.
For example, Li Bai's "Climbing the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing".
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
The poets of the first two couplets all use allusions to express the sense of historical ups and downs of things and the ups and downs of the past. The third part describes what you see in front of your eyes and depicts the magnificence of nature. The two sentences at the end of the couplet return to reality, suggesting that the emperor was surrounded by traitors and villains, but he missed his old capital and could not serve his country, and his heart was full of sorrow. This poem expresses the love and loyalty to the monarch and the feelings of worrying about the country and the people.