During his stay in Huangzhou, Su Shi visited Chibi three times and wrote a masterpiece of "one word and two fu". In Niannujiao? In Looking Back on the Past in Chibi, the author is faced with picturesque and magnificent mountains and rivers, which can not help but arouse people's nostalgia for the past. "The mountains and rivers are picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time." In the ancient battlefield of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms, Su Shi looked at the scenery of mountains and rivers, missed the heroic achievements, and felt his mood was oscillating. However, looking at the flowing water, the author's revenge for his achievements also failed, and he couldn't help but feel sad and send out the feeling that "life is like a dream, a bottle is still a month short". The whole poem has complex contradictions and rich emotional connotations, including warm praise for the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland and loyal admiration for the heroes of Gong Shu Jianye. There is also the feeling of depression, and life is like a dream. In the grand realm of Wan Li for thousands of years, the illusory sigh of fame and fortune is issued in the broad framework of time and space, leading the frustration of life to a lofty place. But the tone of the whole poem is positive, and the spirit of pursuing ideals is better than negative thoughts. Although natural and dull, it lacks the strength of fierce struggle, but it also reflects Su Shi's arrogant character of unwilling to sink. At this point, the author still has the courage and confidence to actively join the WTO. "I'd rather wear a stork than be a duckling." However, due to the change of environment, I feel that life is empty and hopeless. "A drop in the ocean sends ephemera to heaven and earth, mourning my life and admiring the Yangtze River infinitely." (Former Red Cliff Fu) In the former Red Cliff Fu, Su Shi takes narrative as the skeleton, describes the river scenery in autumn night, interspersed with historical deeds, and expounds the philosophy of life with Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi as the center. "It took only a few hundred words to tell people how insignificant they are in the universe, and at the same time show the rich gifts of nature that people can enjoy in this world of mortals." (Lin Yutang's Biography of Su Dongpo)
During his stay in Huangzhou, a local scholar, Kai Erqing, asked the local government for a piece of tens of acres of wasteland for Su Shi, who cultivated it himself. This wasteland is located in the east of the old camp in the county, hence the name Dongpo. He also calls himself Dongpo Jushi, which means Su Shi's admiration for Bai Juyi's ideological style of "contentment and peace" in his later years and an important change in his thoughts: Buddhism and his later years became his main philosophy of life in political adversity. Originally, Buddhism and Taoism thought aimed at purity and inaction and detachment from foreign objects, but it played a complicated role in Su Shi. On the one hand, he regards life and death, right and wrong, honor and shame as inseparable things, which has a negative effect of escaping from reality; On the other hand, it helps him to observe problems more easily. Behind his open-minded attitude is his persistence and pursuit of life and beautiful things. For example, "why don't you sing slowly when you don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest?" Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. The cold spring breeze woke me up and it was a little cold. The hillside is sloping, but it is pleasant. Look back at the bleak place and go home. No rain or shine. "("Dingfengbo ") is not only a description of the real scene after the rain, but also a kind of prospect and assumption for the future of life made by the author from this situation. It is also the perfect integration of the will to stand still and the detached mind, and the perfect integration of himself with the Confucian will to learn the world and the broad-minded spirit of Buddha and Lao, which shows his broad-minded attitude and ideological spirit in adversity.
From Su Shi's poems after his relegation to Huangzhou, we can see that he despises hardships, talks about life and death, and is willing to take risks like an elephant. He combined the Confucian scholar-officials' spirit of "Benevolent People Don't Worry", "an upright man is open and poised" and "Awesome Spirit" with the Buddhist thoughts of "Being Present" and "Seeing through Adversity", and formed a more detached philosophy of life. At the same time, relying on the passion of art to complete the psychological catharsis, Su Shi once said: "I wrote thousands of words on impulse after drinking, and I was consciously drunk, starting from ten o'clock." I also rely on Buddha to protect my imaginary spiritual world with complete personality. Let me see, "the snail's horn is a hollow reputation, and the fly's head is meager profit." Are you busy? The past is a given, who is weak and who is strong? When I was young, you must let me relax. In the past 100 years, it has been a sin to teach prostitution, 36,000 games, and a canoe is worn. " (Sleeping in a Rainy Night) "Look at the Cang Shi on the shore, which is as stone as a beehive. However, what if this heart is desperate and creation is as easy as mine? " ("A hundred steps in a flood") Be prepared for danger in times of peace, go through the vicissitudes of life, be open-minded, natural and unrestrained, and be at ease.
Su Shi once wrote: "Cheng Jing cares about his worries and doesn't love me deeply. Why and this, you should be careful to sit on the right. " (One of the Three Poems with Zhang Zhifu) The core of his life here is "being cautious, independent and calmly coping with difficulties", which is the mystery of his broad-minded and cheerful personality after suffering! So I can finish writing "Drinking Dongpo at night, waking up drunk, and coming back seems to be the third night. Children snore like thunder, so they should not knock at the door, but listen to the sound of the river. I have hated this body for a long time. When will I forget the camp? The night was calm and the lines were flat. Since then, the ship has been comfortable, and Jianghai has sent the rest of his life. " ("Linjiang Xian? After returning to Lingao at night, "take off your crown and cross the river, and whistle in a boat." Even scared the county grandfather to death and sent people to look for him everywhere, but when people found him, they were "snoring like thunder, still unhappy." "It's just a matter of feeling, in order to get balance and peace.
After Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou, his inner Confucianism has changed into the coexistence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. They are contradictory, because the main spirit of the former is to join the WTO actively, while the latter is born passively; But they are unified by Su Shi, because he is used to treating political thoughts and life thoughts differently, so they are unified in the form of "Confucianism outside and Taoism inside". That is to say, when he entered the WTO and became a politician, he mainly believed in and publicized the political ideal of Confucianism (there was always the old Buddhist thought), and when he was relegated to the wilderness, the old Buddhist thought became his main ideological tendency (Confucianism did not die out). Mencius "poor is immune, up to help the world" ("Mencius? This sentence can be moved to comment on Su Shi. Reflected in art, it shows that his poetic art is becoming more and more mature, pursuing elegant and lofty style, which has far-reaching influence on later generations.