② Edition heart
The core of a newspaper refers to the part of the newspaper layout except the surrounding white margin, that is, the part composed of words, pictures and so on. The basic elements of the core are line number, width, font, font size and core line spacing.
③ Layout
Layout refers to the structural composition of the layout. Its main body is news information. News information consists of headlines, words and pictures. The common formats are flow regular, comprehensive staggered, symmetrical, garden, crown, picture and so on.
④ Column type
Column style is the most basic form of newspaper layout. Layout is a reasonable and ingenious combination of various column styles. Usually, the commonly used column style is called basic column. Sometimes, in order to make the layout have a variety of structural forms, it is also commonly used to break columns, close columns and insert columns.
The basic column of folio newspaper generally refers to the word 13 of primary five, and the column of quarto seven-column newspaper is the word 10 of primary five.
⑤ Newspapers commonly use fonts, sizes, lace, shading and lines.
After the typesetting process of newspaper is changed from type typesetting to computer typesetting, it is not only labor-saving and fast typesetting, but also enriches the font, font size, lace, shading and lines of Chinese characters, making the layout more flexible and beautiful, and it is easier to give play to the imagination and creativity of layout editors and typesetters.
● Font
The basic fonts of Chinese characters commonly used in laser phototypesetting newspapers are: Shu Song, Bao Song, Xiao Biao Song, Imitation Song Song, Bold, and Regular Script. In addition, there are some optional fonts, such as Lishu, Weibei, Xiaoyao, Xingkai, Dahei and Zhunyuan. , as well as oblique characters, spiral characters, initials, hollow characters, three-dimensional characters and so on. Fonts are very rich and can be deformed at will.
● Font size
At present, the laser phototypesetting newspaper publishing system is generally equipped with 22 fonts ranging from size 7 to 96 pounds. Each font size can be derived into a variety of fonts through the stepless zoom function of the computer.
Lace, shadows and lines
Lace is an important means in layout design. With its unique aesthetic effect, it plays a very good decorative role in the layout structure of newspapers and adds color to the layout.
Shading is widely used in layout design, which can improve the visual effect of the layout, enhance the visual impact strength of the title and improve the artistic expression of the title. Hundreds of tones and variable gray levels provide good conditions for layout design and the production of titles and publications.
Lines include: main line, reverse line, double line, corrugated line, double corrugated line, lower Wuwen line, upper Wuwen line and lines made of various shades. , these are very common in the use of layout, and can arrange the layout reasonably.
2) Basic rules of layout design
(1) Establish the layout idea
A page consists of different contents. This page should highlight what to promote, focus on what to promote, and have its own key content and auxiliary content. The idea of format is to show readers the key points of editing through various format means and realize the editing purpose of guiding readers to read.
(2) the concept of mode
After establishing the concept of layout, we should consider what kind of layout form to embody and what kind of layout means to realize it. First of all, you have to make a decision, which is the beginning of layout design. The idea is to reflect the unique layout style, which can better and more accurately reflect the layout idea and theme. Therefore, in order to design an excellent layout, layout editors need to have all-round knowledge, besides professional knowledge of journalism, they also need to have a certain understanding of linguistics, aesthetics, psychology, printing and so on.
After that, typesetting editors should put their ideas, ideas and plans into practice on the template paper to form a laser typesetting operation map, and then typesetting personnel can "build according to the map". Therefore, layout editors should pay attention to the accuracy of calculation and the clarity of expression.
③ Establish an article area and a title area.
Establishing an article area is the first step in layout design. It is realized by specific layout under the guidance of layout thought. The content of the article area includes the layout space occupied by the article area, photo area and publishing area. In the established article area, the title area is first established. However, there should be room for adjustment when establishing the title area, so as to give full play to its flexible adjustment effect on the formation of the layout.
3) Various relationships in newspaper layout design.
(1) Relationship between Layout and Pattern
Patterns are the most basic patterns that make up a layout. Newspapers are regularly arranged into a basic column format according to their own font size and marked with the word (circle) above. There are obvious row and column marks in the sample. The layout is divided into folio newspapers and quarto newspapers. No matter what format a newspaper is, we should design our own column numbers and basic columns according to the requirements of the format. For example, the layout of a folio newspaper is about eight columns, the basic column is Xiao Wu 13, and the horizontal column is13× 8 (column): 104 +7 column lines, * *1kloc-0/word. Column 13 × 126 (row): 1638, full page 13 104.
There is a close internal relationship between the template and the layout, because the impression of each font size character in the template represents a text, and the layout of the newspaper is formed on this template paper.
② The relationship between font size and pattern.
Font size, with version heart font size and title font size. Heart-shaped font size is the font label selected by the newspaper itself, forming the overall layout, generally using small five or six words. Each character in the proof represents a word of the size of a heart-shaped font. In addition to the core font size, there are a large number of title fonts. Although the specifications of all kinds of title font sizes exceed the font size of the version, they are all expressed in the form of word width and line height in the version, so editors and typesetters should know all kinds of title font sizes.
③ The relationship between photos, publications, titles and proofs.
Photos are an important form of news expression and an important part of the layout, and are often called the eyes of the newspaper layout.
When selecting photos, it is necessary to reduce and enlarge the photos to the required specifications according to the overall requirements of the layout, and place them in the selected position in the layout according to the column width and row height.
Print (including column masthead and tail flower, etc.). ) is also an indispensable part of the layout. Although the space occupied by the layout is very small, its relationship with the layout is also the relationship between column width and row height. Some publications with less than one column can be converted into lines and included in the manuscript.
The relationship between the topic and the sample is very important. The title of the article is the medium for readers to accept external information, and it is an important element in the layout space and form. It is often necessary to use its function of "adjusting space" to solve some difficulties in the process of imposition and plan some good layouts. The calculation method of the title in the template is also determined by the method of column width and row height.
④ The relationship between typesetters and patterns.
Proofreading is an important basis for newspaper typesetting in the photo typesetting workshop of printing plant. First of all, the typesetter must read the template and assemble the template in strict accordance with the template requirements. The quality of layout realization is directly related to whether the layout can reflect the editor's design intention. Therefore, when typesetting according to the template, the typesetter should understand the intention of editing and designing the layout, understand the purpose of each requirement, and use typesetting software accurately, appropriately and flexibly to complete the typesetting work. Problems such as inaccurate typesetting and temporary revision are often encountered in typesetting. At this time, typesetters should not only coordinate with editors in time, but also give full play to their subjective initiative, regard themselves as readers and typesetting editors. With the joint efforts of typesetters and layout editors, the layout of newspapers can be more perfect.
4) Visual features of layout
A good layout makes people feel that the content of the layout is both readable and visual, and it is highly ideological and artistic. It is a perfect combination of ideology, journalism and artistry. A distinctive layout is composed of various distinctive sections, distinctive titles and distinctive photos, which are scientifically and artistically combined. Due to the special function of visual image, readers will pay special attention to the plate area formed by distinctive plastic arts. Similarly, because the title is a high summary of an article and an important medium to guide readers to read the full text, a title with personality and characteristics can enhance readers' visual appeal.
In addition, in the layout design of color newspapers, we can also make full use of the visual impact of color to design a layout with personality and visual characteristics.
3 Several problems that should be paid attention to in newspaper layout design
1) emphasizes the integrity of the article.
The layout of a newspaper consists of article areas with different shapes. In order to make the layout distinctive, editors often use novel forms to win the impression of readers. A layout should not only highlight the key points, make the article area concentrated and complete, but also make the reading sequence smooth, layered and rhythmic, so that readers can see at a glance and read the whole article smoothly along the direction of the article.
2) Title and blank space
A title with strong vision and special personality will shock the reader's vision in an instant, thus focusing on the title and stimulating the desire to read the full text. But we can't strengthen and decorate all the titles, otherwise it won't reflect the primary and secondary. Blank space in the layout and around the title is an indispensable part of the layout. Moderate blank space can not only adjust the layout, but also make the layout elastic and moderate, mediate visual fatigue, form a strong contrast between reality and reality, highlight the title and key points, and give people a refreshing feeling. Therefore, leaving a proper amount of blank space is the need of the layout, but we can't waste space unnecessarily, because every space in the layout is valuable.
3) Photos and advertisements
The importance of photos in the layout has been introduced before. It is best to use a few photos on a page, and the photos occupy as many positions as possible, which is very flexible in page design and can give full play to the creativity of editors. In particular, the use of color photos in color newspapers provides a broad space for layout designers to give full play to their intelligence.
Advertising has become an indispensable part of newspaper media. How to arrange the position of advertisements in newspaper layout has also become a problem that needs serious consideration when layout editors plan as a whole. The layout of the advertisement depends on the requirements of the advertiser, sometimes it is a whole page, sometimes it is half a page or a few lines and columns, and there are some problems, such as masthead advertisements. Therefore, when arranging the position of the advertisement layout, we should not only consider its size, but also consider whether its content form is consistent with the overall layout. In particular, the color page advertisements of color newspapers are sometimes colored, sometimes red and sometimes black and white, which is particularly prominent and important for the color design of the whole page. This is also a new problem in the development of newspaper industry in recent years, which is worth studying by layout designers.
4) Color aesthetic feeling of color newspaper
In the design of color layout, we should pay attention to the correct choice of color. Generally speaking, the whole layout should have a tendentious tone, so that the tone of the layout tends to be basically the same, and it feels comfortable, generous, concise and smooth visually, which is particularly important when there are color advertisements on the layout. A color layout, improper color matching, will destroy the overall effect of the layout, making the layout appear chaotic and fancy.
4 proofreading and sending
1) Brief introduction of newspaper proofreading process
A finished newspaper generally has to go through at least "three proofreading and two inspections" in the hands of readers. Proofreading is very important and essential for the arrangement of newspapers. Its main task is to correct typos, missing lines, missing words and repeating words on the basis of loyalty to the manuscript; Correct punctuation marks, names, place names and professional and technical words; Correct foreign languages, figures, foreigners' Chinese translation, etc. ; Correctly quote Chinese and foreign celebrities, time and place of historical events, etc. "Three proofreading" refers to "one proofreading" when printing samples after text entry. The pattern issued after assembly is called "large sample", and the proofreader's proofreading of the large sample is "secondary proofreading". After the typesetter modifies the proofreading sample, the reissued sample is called "proofreading", and the proofreader proofreads the sample for the last time, which is called "three proofreading". After the proofing is sent to the phototypesetting workshop for correction, the film can be distributed and printed directly.
"Two checks" means that a proofreader has a special person to check the details from beginning to end, especially the names of people, places, professional terms, quotations, etc. to ensure accuracy. After the proof, you need to read it carefully and carefully check whether there are any omissions. In case of major political activities, important pages and articles sometimes need to be checked again after publication to ensure that there are no mistakes.
2) Fapai
"typesetting" usually refers to the use of laser printing system to send out paper samples for editing and proofreading after typesetting is completed. At the same time, after the final sample is cleared in the editorial department, the editor makes the final modification on the computer, and then uses the laser phototypesetting system to distribute the film. With the development and application of direct plate-making technology, some newspapers and periodicals no longer issue films, but make plates directly through CTP system and print them on computers.