Original text of "Ba Sheng Ganzhou·Ji Shen Liao Zi":
There is a sentimental wind, and the tide comes thousands of miles away, and the tide returns ruthlessly. Ask about the slanting light on the Qiantang River and Xixing Pukou. There is no need to think about the present and the past, and look down on the mistakes of the past. Who is like Dongpo who is old and has lost his memory. Remember the west bank of the West Lake, the beauty of the dusk mountain, the green sky and the misty sky. Even if poets get along with each other, it is like me and you. In the same year of his appointment, we will return to the East and return to the sea route. I hope that Xie Gong and Ya Zhi will not conflict with each other. On Xizhou Road, you should not look back to wet your clothes for me. (Zhengtong 1st work: Zhengchun) Translation and annotations of Ba Sheng Ganzhou·Ji Shen Lio Zi
Translation The wind blows in with waves from thousands of miles away, and sends the tide back when it is ruthless. May I ask how many times have we enjoyed the setting sun on the Qiantang River or at Xixing Ferry? There is no need to think carefully about the changes in ancient and modern times. Things have already changed in a blink of an eye. Who is like me, Mr. Su from Dongpo? In his twilight years, he has forgotten the opportunities for career advancement. Remember that on the west bank of the West Lake, the most beautiful mountain peak in spring is the clear green sky and the misty clouds. It seems that the poets get along well with each other. A friendship like mine with you is indeed rare and precious. It was agreed that in the future, like Xie An, the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he would retreat and return eastward along the Yangtze River channel that leads directly to the sea. Don't let this noble ambition conflict with the realities of the future. You should not look back and cry on the road to Xizhou, wet your clothes and shed tears for me.
Notes 1 Eight tones of Ganzhou: the name of the word brand. Originated from Tang Daqu, also known as "Ganzhou" and "Xiaoxiaoyu". 2 Shenliaozi: That is, the monk Dao Qian, named Shenliao, was born in Yuqian, Zhejiang. He was proficient in Buddhist scriptures and poetry, and was close friends with Su Shi. In the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), Su Shi *** sent him this poem after he went to Beijing. 3 Qiantang River: The largest river in Zhejiang, which flows into Hangzhou Bay. Its mouth is trumpet-shaped and is famous for its spectacular tides. 4 Xixing: Xiling, in the south of the Qiantang River, opposite present-day Hangzhou City, and west of Xiaoshan County. 5. How many degrees of sunset: It means how many nights with the setting sun. 6. Looking down at the past, people are different: a quote from Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection": "While looking down, the traces have become obsolete." 7. Forget the machine: forget the deceitful heart of the world. See "Liezi Huangdi". It is said that there was a man on the sea who liked gulls. Every day he took a boat to the sea, and the gulls came down to play with him. One day his father said to him, "I heard that all the gulls came from you, and you brought them and I played with them." So he got the "scheming heart" (mind of calculation) to catch birds, and from then on the gulls never came down again. . It is said here that Su Shi clears his mind, that is, he is indifferent and lets things take their own course. Li Bai's "Going down to Zhongnan Mountain and passing Husi Mountain where people stay and buy wine": "I am drunk and the king is happy again, and Tao Ran is so happy that he forgets his memories." Su Shi's "He Zi You Sends Spring": "The peony and cherries are all swept away, and the hair on the temples is forgotten on the Zen couch." . "8 Xiangde: intersect and know each other. 9. Xie Gong Ya Zhi: "Book of Jin·Biography of Xie An" records: Although Xie An was a minister, "his ambition to the east of the mountain remained unswerving" and "to build a mockery of the sea, I wanted to make a preliminary plan and return to the east from the river. The ambition of elegance has not yet been achieved." , then he encountered illness." Yazhi, a wish that was made very early. 10. Three sentences of "Xizhou Road": "Book of Jin·Biography of Xie An" records: When An was alive, he was very good to his nephew Yang Tan. After An's death, his nephew Yangtan "had to leave Lele for three years and could not travel by Xizhou Road." One time when I was drunk, I passed Xizhou Gate and recalled the past. I felt "very sad" and "went away crying." Xizhou, the name of the ancient Jianye city gate. During the Jin and Song Dynasties, Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) was the governor of Yangzhou. Since it was in the west of the city, it was called Xizhou. Appreciation of Ba Sheng Ganzhou·Ji Shen Lia Zi
The poem has an extraordinary start. It uses the tide of Qiantang River as a metaphor for the gathering, dispersing and reunification of the human world, which fully expresses the poet's heroic sentiments. The first two sentences describe Jiang Chao coming "affectionately", but eventually returning "heartlessly", seemingly affectionate but actually ruthless. The question "How many degrees of slanting light" also describes the ruthlessness of the sun in the sky. The tide on the ground returns ruthlessly, and the sunset from the sky ruthlessly falls. This means that the heaven and earth are ruthless, and all things are ruthless. "Looking down at the past and changing things" describes the ever-changing world, just like a dream, which is also the ruthlessness of social life. In this ruthless life, the poet's attitude is very optimistic. "There is no need to think about the present and the past", there is no need to feel sad for the ancients, and there is no need to worry about the reality. Therefore, he can transcend the times and "turn himself in and forget about the past." This kind of optimistic thought is very common in Su Shi's poems, and it is even more obvious in this poem. The poet looked up to the heaven and earth, surveyed the past and present, and came to the conclusion that "everything is ruthless." Therefore, his "forgetfulness" has a profound understanding.
The friendship between the lyricist and Shen Liao is discussed below. The poet has seen through all things ancient and modern, and has no intention of competing in the fame and fortune fair. However, he has not completely forgotten the world, let alone love. His love for life is persistent and strong, and he cherishes friendship very much. Recalling the days and nights spent drinking wine with Shen Liazi and Shi at the West Lake, enjoying the beautiful scenery of the Spring Mountains, talking about Zen and reasoning, and forgetting to leave, the poet couldn't help but make a confidant promise to this friend from the bottom of his heart - "It's a poet's best friend." , "Just like me and you are so close", calling Shenliao "poet" reflects the congeniality of their interests. Su Shi was a man of great talent and learning, and he generally did not admit others easily, but he praised Shen Liao's poems more than once. For example, Shen Liao's poem "The Zen mind has been soaked in mud and does not chase the east wind up and down wildly." They were all highly appreciated by Su Shi. The common interest in poetry creation is an important basis for their friendship.
The following five lines of "About his year, I will return to the east coast" show the poet's determination to return to seclusion and further describe the friendship between the two. According to the "Jin Shu Biography of Xie An", Xie An never forgot to return to seclusion after his comeback. However, he eventually died of illness in Xizhoumen and failed to realize his "elegant ambition" of returning to seclusion.
Yang Tansu was very important to Xie An. After Xie An's death, he accidentally walked past the Xizhou Gate while drunk and left crying. The poet was summoned back at that time and was entrusted with an official position, but he "surrendered himself and forgot about his mission" and wanted to go into seclusion. Therefore, he comforted his friends and said, "I will definitely not be like Xie An, who contradicts his ideals and makes his old friend cry." Under the gate of Xizhou". Saying "wish" and "should not" are all based on one's own feelings, which reflects the deep friendship between the two. The biggest feature of this poem is that it uses plain words to express deep feelings, with a majestic momentum and a clear artistic conception. "Flowing out from the deepest feelings" expresses the characteristics of this poem. Because the poet and Shenliao have the same aspirations and interests, and because of Shenliao's noble moral character, their friendship is very sincere. The emotions expressed by the poet come from the heart, and this sincere emotion does not lose its depth and power because of the plainness of the words. This is an artistic state where "the pureness can be seen at the end of luxury" (Yuan Haowen's "On Poetry"). It seems easy, but in fact only a few writers can achieve it. Yuan Haowen said that Su Shi's poems "have no words other than temperament" (Yuan Haowen's "Xinxuan Yuefu Yin").
In addition, the poem expresses the lofty ideals of transcendence and expresses the feeling of emptiness in life, but it is expressed with heroic momentum, making people feel that it is majestic and majestic, without any sense of decadence or negativity. The poet emphasizes optimism and "forgetfulness", but what makes people feel is that he cherishes friendship very much. Su Shi's philosophy is full of heroic spirit, his personality is yearning for the world and he is obsessed with friendship, which can be seen here. The creative background of "Ba Sheng Ganzhou·Ji Shen Lia Zi" was written in the sixth year of Zhe Zong Yuanyou of the Song Dynasty (1091), when Su Shi was summoned by the magistrate of Hangzhou. In order to fulfill the imperial edict, he gave it to Shenliao when he left Hangzhou for Bianjing.
Poetry works: Ba Sheng Ganzhou·Ji Shen Liao Zi Poetry author: Su Shi of the Song Dynasty Poetry classification: writing about water, sighs, life, philosophy, parting, friendship