This is the biography of Lu Guimeng, a poet in The Original Collection of Chinese Studies and The Whole Poem of Tang Dynasty.
Lu Guimeng (? -88 1) At the end of the Tang Dynasty, writers came from a bureaucratic family with a prominent family background. His ancestors had two prime ministers, and his father, Lu Yubin, served as an imperial adviser. He is an outstanding scholar. He once worked in Su and Hu counties, and then lived in seclusion in Fu Li (now Jiaodi, Wuxian County), where he is now Mr. Fu Li. Lu Guimeng loves tea and once opened a tea garden at the foot of Guzhu Mountain in Yixing. Good at poetry, Xian Tong learned about Pi Rixiu in ten years (869). When they sing together, they are called "Pilu". A good library, with thousands of books at home, is good at proofreading. "Letter of Credit, Biography of Seclusion" records him: "The field is 100 mu, the house is 30 cabinets, the field is bitter, the rain follows the river, you are always hungry, and you can stab your socks at any time." Often work with farmers.
Lu Guimeng is diligent in writing and has written many poems, including The Collection of Mr. Liv's Works and The Cageyi Series. "Although there are worries, there are no plans for ten days", there are "many dropouts" in his works. Most of his poems are about leisure and seclusion, which mercilessly satirizes and exposes the darkness of society and the decay of rulers at that time. Poetry is mostly based on scenery and things, and its style is beautiful and elegant, which is highly respected by people at that time, compared with Wen and Li Shangyin. His prose achievements are particularly high, satirizing the present with metaphors and fables.
The following paragraphs are reproduced from China Tea City Network.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially after the Anshi Rebellion, China's economic center of gravity began to shift to the south, which made South China's agriculture, which had been "ploughing water" for a long time, embark on the road of intensive cultivation. Its symbol is the formation of a farming technology system with "ploughing, harrowing and ploughing" as the core. It was Lu Guimeng who first summarized this system. He wrote in the article "The Classic of Thunder Turtle": "After ploughing, there is climbing, which means dredging the canal, so it is not important to disperse weeds. After climbing, there are flaws and flaws. " According to his own understanding of the legend of "like a ploughing bird", he also put forward the principle of "deep ploughing and sick ploughing" for the technical system of intensive farming.
In the technical system of ploughing, harrowing and ploughing, ploughing is the most important link. Sharp tools can do a good job. Lu Guimeng described and explained the structure and function of each part of the important paddy field tillage tool plow in Jiangdong area at that time, and wrote the article "Classic of Aluminum Powder".
Ray was originally two primitive farm tools. It is said that Shennong, the ancestor of agriculture, "grinds through wood". In fact, the original thunder was just a sharp stick, and later a short stick was installed at the lower end of the sharp stick for stepping on. In the way of using thunder, there is a person's "power field". The "coupled agriculture" of the two. A court with three or more people. Later, with the use of metal tools and animal power, Lei Lei evolved into a plow. The early plough only changed the original push and pull into continuous push and pull. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, plows had plowshares, plow walls, plow shafts, plow tips, plow bottoms, plow transverse parts, but most of them were straight long-axis plows. Rotation is not flexible, especially not suitable for paddy fields in the south. In the Tang Dynasty, the long-axis plow was improved into a crankshaft plow, which was widely used in Jiangdong area.
According to Jing Lei, the plow of Quyuan in Jiangdong is made of iron and wood structure, which is composed of share, plow wall, plow bottom, anvil, plow arrow, plow shaft, plow evaluation, plow structure, plow tip, plow plate and so on1. Ploughs are used for digging: plough walls are used for digging; The bottom of the plow and the rammer are used to fix the plow head; Protect the plow wall; Plough arrow and plough evaluation are used to adjust the depth of cultivated land; The plow tip controls the width; The plow shaft is short and curved; The plow disc can rotate. The whole plow has the characteristics of reasonable structure, convenient use and flexible rotation, and its appearance indicates that the traditional plow in China has basically been finalized. Lu Guimeng also described the shape, size and dimension of each part in detail, which is very convenient for imitation and circulation.
Jing Lei Chunqiu recorded four kinds of farm tools, including climbing, plowing and wheeling besides Jiangdong Plow. It is the earliest monograph on farm tools in China, and the first monograph on agricultural production in paddy fields in the south of the Yangtze River.
Lu Guimeng likes fishing, drinking tea and writing poems. He knows all kinds of fishing gear and tea sets, and writes poems and songs for them.
The method of raising fish is called the classic of Tao Zhugong fish culture, but the method of fishing is lacking. In fact, fishing is far before fish farming, and there must be more methods and tools for fishing. Lu Guimeng made fifteen pieces of fishing gear and five pieces of additional fishing gear according to his many years' fishing experience in rivers and lakes, and gave a comprehensive description of fishing tools and fishing techniques. In the preface of the Tenth Five-Year Fishing Gear, 13 *** 19 fishing gear and two fishing methods are introduced. 19 kinds of fishing gear, including net, net and cover. There are pipes and cars belonging to the signs; There are also beams, reeds, reeds, forks, arrows, shuttles, gods, Shanghai, (bamboo prefix plus bamboo), reeds, reeds. These fishing gears are mainly classified according to different manufacturing materials and methods, as well as different uses and usages. There are two kinds of fishing methods, that is, "either surgery or medicine." All these, as he himself said, "Swordfish's tools are extremely interesting." Pi Rixiu, a good friend of Lu Guimeng, is very appreciative of his fishing gear poems and thinks that "where fish come, skills are indispensable". In Five Articles of Hetian Fishing Gear, Lu Guimeng also praised five things closely related to fishermen with the title of fishing temple, alum fishing, hemp fiber, bamboo hat and back canopy. Generally speaking, it is comprehensive.
In addition to fishing gear, Lu Guimeng also wrote ten poems about tea sets, all of which described tea sets. Tea drinking was very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and Lu himself was a tea drinker. He opened a tea garden at the foot of Guzhu Mountain, and collected tea for rent every year, with various grades. Guzhushan is a famous tea-producing area in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. According to Zhai Jun's Reading Annals of Sages, Cha Sheng Lu Yu wrote Gu Zhushan in two volumes. When Lu and Jiao Ran talked about tea, Gu Zhun was the first one. Lu Yu and Jiao Ran were both famous tea experts at that time. They wrote Tea Classic and Tea Ceremony respectively. Lu Guimeng opened a tea garden here. Influenced by his predecessors, he wrote A Book of Tea, which is another monograph on tea after The Book of Tea. Unfortunately, both Tea Ceremony and Tea Classic have been lost. Only three volumes of Lu Yu's Tea Classics have been handed down from generation to generation. Although Lu Guimeng's Tea Classic has been lost, his Tea Set Fu has survived. Ten Fu includes 65,438+00 items such as teahouse, tea man, teapot, tea cup, tea stove, baking tea, tea cup, tea ou and boiling tea, and some of them are.
As an agronomist, Lu Guimeng's contribution not only lies in agricultural instruments, but also includes plant protection, animal husbandry and other aspects. He carefully observed the morphology, habits and natural enemies of citrus pests and wrote the article "decapitation". Although his intention is to express his feelings through things, this article is an ancient historical material about biological control of citrus pests. Lu Guimeng observed the harm of wild ducks and owls to rice and grain. He wrote the article "Poultry Storm" and put forward the prevention and control methods of net catching and drug killing. Lu Guimeng also emphasized the harm of voles to rice, and wrote the article "Remember the Rice Mouse", which mentioned two control methods: expulsion and biological control. In the protection of animal resources, he spoke out loudly to protect fishery resources, and said in the poem "Nanjing Fisherman": "Be diligent in keeping my genus and never be violent. Ginseng, large and small, will stay and wait for its reproduction. In the end, I made a profit, and I didn't eat fish often. " Strive to oppose the practice of "medicinal fish" that destroys fishery resources, vigorously advocate "planting fish", collect fish eggs, breed in distant places, and protect fishery resources.
As a writer, Lu Guimeng's achievements are mainly in poetry and prose. As an agronomist, his influence is mainly in farm tools, and his achievements in farm tools are prominently reflected in his summary of Jiangdong Plough. Because of the position of plow in agriculture, the evolution history of plow is the ancient agricultural history, which determines the position of Lv Guimeng in the agricultural history of China, so scholars who study China plow will certainly praise Lv Guimeng's Jing Lei.
Lu Guimeng was born in a bureaucratic family, but he worked in agriculture all his life. Although he boasts a paradise, he has Confucian aspirations. The ideal of self-cultivation and governing the country is everywhere in his works. As Mr. Lu Xun said, like Pi Rixiu, he "has not forgotten the world, and it is the glory and edge in a confused mud pond." What's more commendable is that although he is well-known in the literary world, he can carefully study and summarize the agricultural tools that have not been valued by scholars and scholars, and he is willing to be a villain, leaving a valuable written record for the development history of ancient agricultural tools in China. This is inseparable from his character. His autobiography "Biography of Mr. Fu Li" and "Biography of Scattered People in Jianghu" summarized his life and personality. He wrote in the Biography of Scattered People in the Jianghu: "Those who scatter people are also those who scatter their lives; The mind is scattered, the mind is scattered, the shape is scattered, and the spirit is scattered. Since there was no restraint, it was strange at that time. The people were tied outside the rites and music, so they dispersed. " Perhaps it was because he got rid of the shackles of Confucian traditional ethics that he became a famous agronomist in the agricultural history of China.
Although Lu Guimeng is a down-and-out scholar, he still lives a leisurely life in his toes. The rich villa where he lives is in the west of Baosheng Temple, with Guangming Pavilion, Guizixuan, Habitat Path and Double Bamboo Embankment. ...
His poems mainly describe scenery and praise things, and his prose achievements are better than poems, such as Tian She Fu, Wild Temple Monument, Tian She Fu and Post-Lisi Fu, which often satirize and expose the darkness of society and the decay of rulers at that time.
Lu Xun praised his essays as "messy brilliance and sharpness". He skillfully used contrast and contrast to satirize civil engineering and quoted it in his text. The article is changeable in sentence patterns, good at exaggeration, laughing and cursing, and hearty. The tomb is located in the west courtyard of Baosheng Temple and was originally the former site of Lianshou. Guan Yi's tomb covers an area of about one mu. There are stone tablets in front of the tomb during the reign of Kangxi and Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, as well as commemorative buildings such as "Du Yingchi" and "Qingfeng Pavilion", which are said to be Lu Guimeng's duck feeding place.
Lu Quanshi /02-lib/0 1-ZG/04-poem/ Gushi/Lu Guimeng.htm.
Attached is a poem about Lu written by Song people.
Lu Guimeng of Sangao Temple in Wujiang
Year: Song Author: Ye Yin
In the rivers and lakes, Xiao Sanle spent his whole life studying at night and ploughing the fields in daily classes.
The wind is so strong that everyone is willing to call him by his first name.