The first romantic poet in the history of China was Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu in the Warring States Period. He was called "Qu Zi" by later generations. So what is the introduction of the romantic poet Qu Yuan? The following is for reference only!
Profile
Qu Yuan (about 34 BC-278 BC) was a great patriotic poet in ancient China. Han nationality, born in Danyang, Chu State, was originally called Qu Yuan, but also named Ling Jun, a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong.
Qu Yuan is one of the greatest romantic poets in China, the earliest known famous poet in China and a world cultural celebrity. He created the style of "Chu Ci" and the tradition of "vanilla beauty". . During the Warring States Period, Chu was born into a noble family, and served as a doctor and a disciple of San Lv, who was also in charge of domestic and foreign affairs. He advocated that internal talents should be promoted, statutes should be cultivated, and external forces should be combined to fight against Qin.
Later, he was exiled to the Yuan and Xiang river basins because he was ostracized by the nobles. In 278 BC, Qin general Bai Qi broke the capital of Chu in one fell swoop. Qu Yuan's political ideal was shattered, and he was desperate for the future. Although he wanted to serve his country, he was unable to return to heaven. He had to be determined by his death and committed suicide in the Miluo River in May of the same year. May 5th is now designated as Poets' Day.
Life
Family
Qu Yuan was born in a noble family of Chu State. Qu Yuan, like the King of Chu, has the surname of Mi (ǐ), which comes from Zhu Rong's family in the Zhuan Xu system of the Yellow Emperor. The Yi ethnic group migrated from the Shang Dynasty to the southern Chu area. When it spread to Xiong Yi, it was sealed in Chu for its merits and lived in Danyang (now in Zigui County, Hubei Province).
since qu yuan was the family of the king of Chu, he was called a "public clan" or a "public office" at that time, so his relationship with the state of Chu was certainly different. Qu's descendants, such as Qu Zhong, Qu Wan, Qu Dao and Qu Jian, all held important positions in Chu State. Qu Yuan's father's name is Bo Yong. In Qu Yuan's generation, there were not many people who became big officials, only Qu Yuan and Qu Gai, a general who was later captured by Qin State. In the Nine Chapters of Qu Yuan's Chu Ci, Xi Yong once said: "I suddenly forgot my poverty." It is likely that the aristocratic family had declined at that time.
Birth
According to the research results of many people in modern times, the date of birth of Qu Yuan probably does not lie between the 27th year (342 BC) and the 3th year (339 BC) of Chu Xuanwang. According to Jiazi's calculation, it should be the year of Wuyin. Coincidentally, Qu Yuan was born not only in the year of Yinyue, but also in the day of Yinyue. According to the old saying of China calendar, "People are born in Yin", so Xia Zheng took the month of establishing Yin (the first month) as the beginning of the year. Since Qu Yuan was born in the year of Yinyue, which really accords with the birth date of "man", he said in Qu Yuan's famous work Lisao: "She was taken to raise her virginity in Meng Xi, but she was taken to surrender." This sentence is the first month of the year when Taisui Yue's star met Yin [4], and it was the day of Geng Yin, and I was born from my mother. Explain that this year is a year of yin; Meng is the beginning, Shuo is the first month, and the summer calendar begins with the month of Jianyin, indicating that the first month of this year is Yinyue; Geng Yin explains that this day is Yin Day. Qu Yuan was born in Yinyue Yinri in Yinnian, which is a good day (according to Zou Hanxun and Liu Shipei, the date is the 21st day of the first month of the first 343 years. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen You calculated by the weekly calendar as the 22nd day of the first month of 343), and now it is generally defined as the first 34 years.
Naming
Qu Yuan felt that his birth date was a little different, so he said in Lisao: "The emperor's view is full of happiness, and Zhao Xi is famous for his good name, and his name is regular and his words are exquisite."
My father saw that my birthday was extraordinary and gave me a good name, which was Ping and Yuan. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Yi explained Qu Yuan's name in Zhang Sentence, saying: "Righteousness and fairness; Then the law is also ","spirit, god is also; Even, adjustable. There is nothing more fair than the sky, and those who raise things are all adjusted, and they are not in the ground. "
therefore, the name is "Ping Yi Fa Tian" and the word "Yuan Yi Fa Di". In line with his date of birth, literally speaking, "ping" means justice, and fairness is the image of heaven; "Original" is a wide and flat terrain [7], which is the image of the earth. Qu Yuan's birth date and name are in line with the three systems of heaven, earth, ugliness and life in Yin [8]. Today, this is just a coincidence. It doesn't matter, but it was considered a good sign at that time.
On the fifth day of May every year, there is a custom of rowing dragon boats, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine. In memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.
Works
Qu Yuan is a poet, and only from him did China have a writer famous for his literature. He founded the style of "Chu Ci" (that is, he founded the style of "Ci Fu"), which is known as "a poet clothed in clothes, not a generation". According to the proofreading of Liu Xiang and Liu Xin and Wang Yi's annotation, there are 25 works by Qu Yuan, namely, 1 piece of Li Sao, 1 piece of Tian Wen, 11 pieces of Nine Songs, 9 pieces of Nine Chapters, 1 piece of Yuanyou, 1 piece of Buju and 1 piece of Fisherman. According to Sima Qian's words in Records of the Historian and Biography of Qu Yuan, there is also a piece of Evocation. Some scholars believe that Da Zhao is also the work of Qu Yuan. However, some people suspect that the following chapters in Journey and some chapters in Nine Chapters were not written by Qu Yuan. According to Mr. Guo Moruo's textual research, 23 works of Qu Yuan have been handed down. Among them, there are 11 pieces of Nine Songs, 9 pieces of Nine Chapters, one piece of Li Sao, one piece of Tian Wen and one piece of Evocation.
Generally speaking, Li Sao, Tian Wen and Jiu Ge can be regarded as the representatives of three types of Qu Yuan's works. Nine Chapters, Travel Far, Buju, Fisherman, Evocation of Soul and Great Tactics can be grouped with Lisao in content and style, and most of them are well documented and meaningful, focusing on expressing the author's inner feelings. Li Sao is a magnificent poem that Qu Yuan has cast with his own ideal, experience, pain, enthusiasm and even his whole life, which shines with distinct personality brilliance and is the focus of all Qu Yuan's creations. Tian Wen is a poem written by Qu Yuan based on myths and legends, which focuses on the author's academic attainments and his views on history and nature. Nine Songs is a music for worshipping the gods in Chu State, which was processed and polished by Qu Yuan. It is full of life breath in the expression of characters' feelings and the description of environmental atmosphere. However, it is the expression of generations or gods, not the author's self-lyric, which shows more traces of the literary tradition of southern Chu. Li Sao and Jiu Ge constitute the basic style of Qu Yuan's works.
Qu Yuan's works are closely related to myths. Many illusory contents are developed from myths. Qu Yuan is also a poet who pays attention to reality. His works reflect various contradictions in the real society, especially revealing the dark politics of Chu.
The style of Qu Yuan's works is obviously different from the Book of Songs. This is related to the difference in folk customs between the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin. At that time, the north had already entered the patriarchal society, while Chu still had the legacy of clan society, which was tough and lively, and was not restrained by etiquette. Therefore, it is so straightforward to express men's and women's feelings and patriotism, and the materials used are so rich that everything can run into the bottom of the pen. Writing about people's love with gods, writing about crazy people, writing about ancient historical legends, and writing about traveling with gods and ghosts, all gods have ordinary human nature among the people, and gods are just people beyond ordinary people. They make the works look bright, full of emotion and unrestrained. Such works show different characteristics from northern literature.
From the institutional point of view, Qu Yuan's previous poems, whether the Book of Songs or southern folk songs, were mostly short stories, while Qu Yuan developed into a voluminous system. Li Sao alone has more than 2,4 words. In terms of expression techniques, Qu Yuan skillfully combined Fu, Bi and Xing, and used the Bi Xing technique of "vanilla beauty" in a large number to vividly show abstract morality, consciousness and complex realistic relations.
In terms of language form, Qu Yuan's works have broken through the four-sentence pattern in The Book of Songs, with five, six, seven, eight and nine characters in each sentence, three characters and cross sentences, and the syntax is uneven level, which is flexible and changeable. The word "Xi" and empty word such as "Zhi", "Yu", "Hu" and "Er" are often used at the end of sentences to coordinate syllables, resulting in ups and downs, singing and sighing. In a word, his works have great creativity from content to form.