abstract
Lu Lun's Song of Xia Sai consists of six songs, which are about giving orders, shooting at the enemy, playing a victory celebration and so on. Words are full of praise. This is the fourth song, which describes the scene of celebration after our army's victory.
one
Wear a golden mother-in-law arrow made of carved feathers, and the flagpole rtsa forms a dovetail arc.
A man stood up and gave a new order. A thousand battalions were shouting.
The general wore an arrow made of vulture feathers, and a flag embroidered in the shape of a dovetail fluttered in the wind. Standing and announcing new orders, the soldiers of the thousand battalions responded together.
To annotate ...
Vulture feather: Arrow tail feather.
Aunt Jin: The name of the arrow.
Dovetail: The two corners of the flag are bifurcated, if it is dovetail.
Arc: logo name.
Independence: Jude's words hold water.
Nourishing the mind: a new instruction for nourishing the heart.
Appreciate that this is the first of six songs by Sai. This poem describes the swearing-in scene when the mighty general conveys the new order. The response of the Chief Sergeant of the Thousand Battalions is showing the formidable military ability, strict military discipline and confidence that everyone will win. It is inevitable to be conquered by this magnificent momentum.
Huiping
During the period of the Republic of China, Yu Biyun's On Poetic Realm: There is a view of military capacity in full swing among the few twenties.
Rules and forms of classical poetry creation
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
His golden arrow has eagle feathers at the top,
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His embroidered silk flag has a tail like a swallow.
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A man stood up and issued a new order.
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A thousand battalions shouted.
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Secondly,
In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow.
Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone.
translate
In the dark forest, the grass suddenly swayed and rustled with the wind. The general thought the beast was coming, so he quickly drew his bow and shot an arrow.
Looking for an arrow at dawn, it has fallen deeply into the stone edge.
Note (1) the song "Xia Sai"-the name of an ancient song. Most of these works describe frontier scenery and war life.
(2) the wind-suddenly blown by the wind.
Bow-bow, bow, including archery.
(4) Pingming-just before dawn.
⑤ White feather-the white feather behind the shaft, which refers to the arrow here.
6. No fall, that is, drilling.
⑦ Stone edge-the corner of the stone.
Make an appreciative comment
This frontier poem describes a general who killed a tiger. It is based on the biography of General Li written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, and records the deeds of the famous Li Guang at that time. The original text is: "When you went hunting widely, you saw a stone in the grass, thinking it was shooting tigers, and the stone in the middle (zhòng) had no arrow. You see, it is also a stone. "
The first two sentences of the poem describe what happened: in the middle of the night, the forest was dark, and suddenly the wind was blowing hard, and the grass was shaken by the earthquake; A white tiger fainted at the frogman landing place. At this moment, the general is flying through the forest. He is quick-sighted and quick-footed, and he bows and shoots arrows. ...
As a result of the last two sentences, the next morning, the general remembered what happened in the forest last night and came to the scene along the original road. He couldn't help being surprised: in the bright morning light, he clearly saw that he had shot a boulder instead of a tiger. Fear crouched there silently, and the white arrow plunged deep into the edge of the crevice! Please note that the place where the arrow enters is not a cave, a gap or a stone surface, but a narrow and sharp stone edge-what a great arm strength and martial arts it requires!
Someone wants to ask, why didn't the general kill the tiger at that time and wait until the next morning? The original story didn't tell me that it was a stone the next day! This is the poet's artistic treatment. First, it can show the general's confidence. It has always been very popular. Are you afraid it won't die or run this time? Second, it can increase the intuition of the image and make people see it more clearly. If you watch it that night, of course, you can find that this is a misunderstanding, but it is difficult to achieve the vivid effect of the current picture.
Poetry pays the most attention to implication and emphasizes the implication. Seeing the description of the arrow hitting the stone in the poem, we naturally associate it with: What would it look like if it was really a tiger? What happens if you shoot enemy soldiers and horses on the battlefield? Thus, the image of a general with high martial arts, bravery and good fighting skills stood in front of our eyes.
Rules and forms of classical poetry creation
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
The Woods are black, the wind hits the grass,
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However, the general tried to shoot arrows at night.
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The next morning he found his white feather arrow.
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Point to the depths of hard rock.
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third
That night, the black geese flew very high, and Khan quietly escaped during the night.
I was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up when the snow fell full of bows and knives.
Rules and forms of classical poetry creation
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
In the faint moonlight, geese fly high,
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The Tatar chiefs are fleeing from the darkness.
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We chased them, with light horses,
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Our bows and swords are covered with snow.
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To annotate ...
1. Xia Sai Song: An ancient military song.
2. Moonlight: There is no moonlight.
3. Khan: the leader of Xiongnu. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.
4. escape: escape.
5. Will: Leadership.
6. Qingqi: Qingqi and Fast Cavalry.
7.11: Catch up.
8. Bow knife: a saber bent into a bow.
translate
In the dead of night, geese fly high.
Khan slipped away in the dark.
Was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up,
The snow fell all over me.
Brief analysis
This is the third poem in Lulun's "Xia Sai Qu" series. Lu Lun used to be a marshal judge of the shogunate, and he had a good understanding of the life of soldiers. Poetry describing this life is more substantial and powerful in style. This poem is about the heroic feat of the general preparing to lead his troops in pursuit of the enemy on a snowy night.
The first two sentences are about the enemy fleeing. "In the bright moonlight, geese are soaring", and the moon is covered by clouds and dark. Su Yan started up and flew high. "Chief Tatar fled in the dark". On this unusual night with high black wind, the enemy sneaked away. "Khan" originally refers to the supreme ruler of Xiongnu, and here refers to the invaders of Qidan and other nationalities who often invaded the south at that time.
The last two sentences describe the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is unusual. "And we chase it, and the horse is lightly burdened." The general found that the enemy had absconded and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue it; Just as we were about to leave, there was a heavy snow, and in an instant the bow and knife were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence "and the burden of snow on our bows and swords" is a description of the cold scene, highlighting the hardships of fighting and the brave spirit of soldiers.
This poem blends scenes. The enemy troops fled in the scene of "wild geese flying in the bright moonlight", and the general was prepared to pursue them in the scene of "snow burden on our bow and our sword". The atmosphere of escape and chase is as follows
Be strongly rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves a very rich imagination space for people.
This is the third of the six poems in the "Song of the Plug" group. Although Lu Lun was a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, his frontier poems are still full of vigor in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, full of heroism between the lines, and inspiring to read.
There is a sentence or two "high in the dim moonlight, wild geese are soaring, and the Tatar chief is fleeing in the dark" to describe the enemy's rout. "The moon is dark and windy" and there is no light. "Goose flies high", there is no sound. Taking advantage of such a dark and silent night, the enemy quietly escaped. Khan was the supreme ruler of the ancient Huns, and here he refers to the supreme commander of the invaders. Running at night means that they have completely collapsed.
Despite the cover of darkness, the enemy's actions were discovered by our army. Three or four sentences, "Let's pursue it, the horse will carry a heavy load, and the bow and sword will bear the snow", describe the situation that our army is preparing to pursue, and show the mighty spirit of the soldiers. Imagine a cavalry marching out, and suddenly the bow, arrow and knife are covered with heavy snow. What an exciting scene!
Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only grasp the typical image, but also show it at the most artistic moment. The poet doesn't write about how the army attacked, nor does he tell you whether he caught up with the enemy. He only described a scene he was going to pursue, which effectively set off the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "And we chase them, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment close to the climax. This moment, like an arrow on the string, will not send, the most attractive force. You may feel dissatisfied because you didn't give the result. But only in this way can it be more enlightening and arouse readers' association and imagination. This is called incoherent, and its meaning is endless. It's not without a tail when a dragon sees its head. The tail is even more interesting and charming if it looms in the clouds.
Fourth.
Under the wild tent under the atrium feast, our brothers and sisters from the frontier came to congratulate us on our victory.
Get drunk, shining golden dancing, jubilant thunder shaking the surrounding mountains and rivers.
Rules and forms of classical poetry creation
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
The wild curtain is open and the banquet is beautiful.
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Let the bugle call for our victory! .
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Let's drink and dance in golden armor! ,
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Let's thunder on rivers and hills with our drums! .
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To annotate ...
1. Gu Lei: In ancient times, this was also solved by the octagonal drum. Actually, it was a bang.
Brief analysis
? Write a happy scene of returning to camp in triumph and hosting a banquet for the army. The language is refined and subtle, the modality is active and vivid, the composition of poetry is meticulous, the life in the military camp is hard, and the victory is jubilant, all of which are vivid and wonderful.
[Edit this paragraph] Li Yi's Xia Sai Qu
one
Tribes in Zhou Fan can finish and hunt Yellow River songs at dawn and dusk.
Yan Song is not broken, and the horses are green.
There are many vigorous frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, but after all, they mainly show the difficulties and dangers of garrison life and the homesickness of soldiers. Even some famous singers are inevitably mixed with words of danger and suffering or sadness. When readers turn to Yi Lee's representative works, they will have a very different feeling and be attracted by the magnificent picture of that day. It is outstanding in expressing the pride of soldiers' lives and reflecting the magnificent scenery in northwest China.
In the poem, "Zhou Fan" refers to the northwest frontier (there was also a Zhou Fan in the Tang Dynasty, which was located in the west of Yishan County, Guangxi, and did not belong to the Yellow River), and "Zhou Fan tribe" refers to the border guards stationed in the Yellow River Hetao ("Yellow River Qu"). The soldiers in the army lived a life of "returning to the jade pass at the age of 20, making the horse policy and facing the knife ring". It was very hard, but it was tempered to be very strong and brave. The first sentence only praises them for being "capable", that is, they are good at dressing up. By describing the heroic attitude of soldiers, the author shows readers that they are good at fighting, so the next sentence is written as "galloping" instead of "being able", and readers can understand it themselves.
Hunting in the army is a routine military training, no more fun than princes. Athletes enjoy it, practice once in the morning and once in the evening, ready to meet the enemy at any time. It is "to report that the Huns are all protected today, and the Huns should not go down to the clouds" (the fourth song in the same group). The action of "Hunting the Yellow River Song at dusk" shows the athletes' impassioned spirit and dedication to the country, as well as their belief in winning. Every sentence is a compliment from the author.
These two sentences mainly describe the characters and their mental outlook, while the last two sentences show the background of the characters' activities. The scenery of the Northwest Plateau is so magnificent: the sky is high and the clouds are light, geese are flying, songs are floating on the vast Yuan Ye, and horses are running in the green grass, which is a vibrant weather.
Some people say that "Yan Ge" sung by recruiters is the tune of "Ge Yanxing". Looking at the flying geese in the distance, there is indeed a deep nostalgia for the hometown of the northern soldiers in the song. However, Hong Fei's Unbroken Yan Ge, a cheerful song, does not contain the singer's love and pride in another place. If this is not obvious in three sentences, there is no doubt about reading the last sentence.
"The horses are green." In the poems praising the scenery in the northwest, it can almost be compared with the strange sentence "the wind blows grass and sees cattle and sheep". This sentence is about the autumn colors on the plateau, so it is even more desolate; The sentence "the horse is hissing" is written in the spring of the plateau, so there is business. The word "green" is very good Because of three or four pairs of knots, the word "Sai Hong Fei" is said above, and the word "grass green" is used below, which shows that the word "green" is verbalized. Not entirely green grass color, but also describes the change of "rambling grass across the plain" from dry to glorious, suggesting that spring has unconsciously returned to the grassland. This and Wang Anshi's famous sentence "The Spring Breeze is Green in Jiang Nanan" all win with the word "green". Jiangnan, spring returns to the earth, birds sing and call. In the spring of Saibei, it is greeted by the joy of horses. The combination of "the grass is green" and "the horse is hissing" has a particularly long meaning; It seems that the grass is greener and more lovely because of Ma Si. The grandeur and lofty sentiments expressed in poetry are very valuable.
Secondly,
Fu Bo just wanted to be buried, so why did he enter the customs?
Don't just send a wheel back to the cave, or leave an arrow to repair the Tianshan Mountains.
[Edit this paragraph] Wang Changling's "Xia Sai Qu"
one
The withered mulberry trees sing cicadas, and the intersection of Xiaoguan in August is crisp in autumn.
Through the gate and back, along the way, nothing but yellow reeds and grass.
Heroes come to you and the ice, and they bury their lives in the dust.
Learn to boast about brave rangers and horses.
To annotate ...
1, Youhe: Youzhou and Bingzhou, now part of Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. 2. Ranger: refers to a brave and arrogant person who despises life. 3, sigh: I am extraordinary.
Rhyme translation
Cicada chirps in the withered mulberry forest, and autumn is crisp on Xiaoguan Road in August.
After entering the fortress, the climate became cold, and the inside and outside of the pass were all yellow reeds.
Heroes who have come to Shanxi and Hebei since ancient times are always accompanied by sand and dust.
Don't be like that brave ranger who boasted about his war horse.
Comment and analysis
This Yuefu song is written about non-war. The poem was banned by the frontier defense several times, but the teenagers were warned not to boast of force and express their feelings of non-war. Write frontier fortress autumn scenery, infinite Sha Xiao sadness, write frontier defense, expressing deep sympathy; Advise all the teenagers in the world, it sounds real and tell the truth. "And the dragon war came to Jun and Bing, and they were all * * * dusty", while William Wang's "Drunk in the battlefield, how many people fought in ancient times" can be described as a heroic view, with the same effect and touching.
Secondly,
Horses lead horses to drink across the river, the wind is biting, and the autumn wind is like a sword.
The sunset on the vast battlefield has not yet fallen, and I saw Lintao County in the distance in the dark.
The Great Wall once fought a fierce battle, saying that the frontier soldiers were in high spirits.
Since ancient times, there have been sandstorms, bones everywhere and weeds everywhere.
To annotate ...
1, dark: the same as "secretly";
2. Lintao: Today, Min County in Gansu Province is the starting point of the Great Wall.
3, salty: both.
Rhyme translation
Leading a horse to drink water across the river,
The biting autumn wind in Shui Han is like a sword.
The battlefield is vast and the sunset has not yet set.
See Lintao in the distance under the dim light.
There was a fierce battle on the Great Wall.
It is said that the soldiers guarding the border are in high spirits.
Since ancient times, yellow dust has been everywhere.
Bones and weeds are scattered everywhere.
Comment and analysis
? This Yuefu song, with the Great Wall as the background, depicts the misery and cruelty of the war. The first four sentences of this poem were written in late autumn outside the Great Wall.
Festival, the bleak scene of pingsha sunset; The Great Wall has always been a battlefield, full of mountains and bones, and desolate.
The whole poem is shocking and expresses the idea of not fighting.
[Edit this paragraph] Li Bai's "Xia Sai Qu"
The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass.
Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.
The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night.
I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Bai (70 1-762), born in 70 1, Han nationality, 6' 6 ",born in Taibai, whose real name is Qinglian Jushi, a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan, was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament. He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, are also called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Fairy".
There are six poems in Li Bai's poetry collection, all of which are based on the popular Yuefu theme in Tang Dynasty. Among them, the fourth book, Always in My Heart and Others, is about thinking about women's longing for a long journey. In addition, Wudu also expressed the poet's ideal of "going forward bravely and not being chaotic in World War I". It is one of the wonderful works in frontier fortress poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poem is the first in a series.
The first sentence "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountains" has been closely related to the theme. May, midsummer in mainland China. Han Yu said, "Pomegranates are blooming in May, and children begin to grow." Zhao Wei said, "Harmony is like spring and autumn, and it is better to travel in May." However, the May written by Li Bai is under the jam. In Tianshan Mountain, what you see and feel is very different. Tianshan Mountain is isolated from the world, with snow all year round. This huge contrast between the scenery of the mainland and the fortress in the same season was keenly captured by the poet. But he did not describe it in detail and objectively, but slowly expressed his inner feelings with a faint pen: "There are no flowers, only cold." The word "cold" vaguely reveals the fluctuation of the poet's mood, not to mention the bleak tune of "Folding Willow" in the cold wind! Spring is invisible in the frontier, and people can only receive it from the flute and enjoy it. "Folding Willow" is a cross-wind song for Yuefu, which is more about the sadness of travelers. Here, the poet's writing of "Wen Liu" also contains a layer of desolate and bitter emotions. He plays the flute to make up the atmosphere. Shen Deqian commented on the first four sentences of "Song of Xia Sai" and said: "Four words go straight down, which was not available before." He also said: "If you are angry, you will not be bound." Poetry is the five laws, and the two couplets are used to it. However, Li Bai's desolate artistic conception, which followed the trend of the first couplet and refused to converge slightly, broke through the fetters of metrical poems and was characterized by straight and unrestrained language.
"Sean Xiao follows the golden drum and sleeps on the jade saddle at night." In ancient times, it was necessary to beat the drums to control the advance and retreat of foot soldiers. I wrote five or six sentences about this situation. The semantic change has changed from desolation to grandeur. The poet imagined that he came to the frontier fortress at the foot of Tianshan Mountain and lived a tense fighting life all day. March in the sound of gongs and drums during the day and take a nap in the saddle at night. Here, "Sean Xiao" corresponds to "sleeping at night". When the author intends to sum up his life in the army for one day, the military situation is tense and urgent. The word "sui" is forbidden in the orders of foot soldiers. The word "Bao" depicts the situation of foot soldiers guarding at night. The second sentence is about the life scene of foot soldiers, who are guarding the border and preparing for war, and everyone's mentality of fighting bravely for the first place is also revealed.
"I would like to cut Loulan with a machete" tells the story of Fu Jiezi's generous revenge, which shows the poet's ambition to go to the battlefield and kill the enemy for his country. The words "straight" and "willing" echo each other, with strong tone, and a group of voices, bursting out, have their own artistic appeal.
To annotate ...
[1] Killing Loulan: According to the biography of Xiezi in Han Fu, "Loulan Kingdom, which was located in the western regions during the Han Dynasty, often killed the envoys of the Han Dynasty. When Fu Jiezi went to the Western Regions, King Loulan coveted his money and silk, lured him into the account and killed him, so he gave him back his head. "
translate
Snowflakes are still floating in the mountains in May.
There are no flowers, only biting cold.
The flute plays willow songs, where to find willow green spring.
Playing golden drums during the day and sleeping with a saddle at night.
I just want to wield a sword around my waist, pass through the customs and defeat the enemy.
[Edit this paragraph] Chang Jian's Xia Sai Qu
Jade and silk look back at the emperor's hometown, and Wu Sun is not king when he returns.
The war has stopped in remote places, and the smoke of the war has gone away, full of the radiance of the sun and the moon.
1) Wusun: a minority in the western regions. It is said that I married Han.
Frontier poems are characterized by generous words, fantastic scenery, loyalty to the country or low homesickness. Chang Jian's Song of the Frontier has a unique way and an unusual sound.
This poem neither shows off force nor laments fate, but eulogizes the theme of peace and friendship based on the height of national harmony. In history, the relationship between the central court and all ethnic groups in the western regions has been uncertain and occasionally eased. However, the author chose a beautiful page to praise warmly, so that the bright spring breeze blew away the smoke that filled the moment and gave frontier fortress poetry a brand-new artistic conception.
The first two sentences of the poem are a vivid summary of the friendly exchanges between the Western Han Dynasty court and Wusun nationality. "Jade and silk" refers to the gifts carried during the pilgrimage. Zuo zhuan. After seven years of mourning for the public, it is known as the saying that "the governors of Yu He have done their best to slaughter mountains, and those who hold jade and silk are all countries". Holding jade and silk to court is a sign of guest service submission. The word "Wang" is very emotional. Wu Sun's envoy went home to the west, but he often looked back at Chang 'an, the imperial capital, and couldn't bear to leave, which showed that humanity was profound. "Not Being King" points out that Wusun is obedient and the border is stable. Wusun is a nomadic people living in Ili Valley and a big country in the western countries. According to Hanshu, since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the court has been very kind to Wu Sun, and both sides have been answering questions. In order to pacify the western regions and contain the Huns, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married twice as a patriarchal daughter and formed a kinship alliance. In the early days (104- 10 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Princess Wei Liu, the granddaughter of Chu, and gave birth to four men and two women. His children and grandchildren became kings one after another, and his eldest daughter married Queen Qiuci. Since then, Wusun has maintained peaceful and friendly relations with the Han Dynasty for a long time, which has become an eternal story. Chang Jian first eulogized this history with a poem and a pen. Although there are only a few words, he can always use them less. It is really commendable that he is skilled in using a pen and knows its essence.
One or two sentences tell the historical facts and pave the way for the whole poem. Three or four sentences drift with the tide, choppy, flying all over the sky, forming a climax. "Tianya" is connected with "going home", Wusun goes west, horses are full of wheels, and Wan Li is boundless. This vast and boundless space is faintly visible from this word. The word "static" is particularly powerful. The vast desert outside Yumenguan was once a battleground for military strategists, but now it enjoys a peaceful and quiet life. This is a way of writing in which today's peace and past wars are intertwined. It has profound meaning in all places where there are no words, and it is the eye of poetry. The conclusion of the poem is full of energy and the mood is particularly high. The poet painted a brilliant picture with colored pens: the haze of war completely dissipated, and the sun and the moon shone brightly on the world. This ideal realm embodies the lofty ideals of people of all ethnic groups who love peace and oppose war, and is a resounding ode to peaceful reunification.
The "military soul" is still the image of war, and the words are refined. Not only is the word "pin" firmly tied, but it goes straight into the end of the sentence and is linked with "quiet place" to pay for it. Interlocking, singing higher and higher, it is really a cloud. Shen Deqian said that "all sentences are spit out" is well deserved.
Most of Chang Jian's poems were written in Kaiyuan and Tianbao years. In this poem, he praised the people-friendly policy and the ideal of stopping the army caused by the chaotic politics in Tang Xuanzong's later years. It can be said that it is better late than never!
[Edit this paragraph] Xu Hun's "Xia Sai Qu"
After a night of fighting in Hebei, half the soldiers in Qin area failed to return to camp.
A letter from the soldier was sent back in the morning, telling him that the warm coat had been delivered.
Through the description of sad details, this poem expresses dissatisfaction with the belligerent rulers and sympathy for the soldiers;
[Edit this paragraph] Su You's "Xia Sai Qu"
The moon rises outside the military camp, hunting the west wind and blowing shirts.
The silent river turns and the dew is full of frost.
[Edit this paragraph] Gao Shi's "Xia Sai Qu"
original text
End floating clouds and join the army. And with the anger of the prince, rely on the male of the general.
Thousands of drums and thunder, thousands of flags and fires. Sun gear is in frost, and the moon hangs a bow.
Qinghai cloud turns, and Montenegro soldiers rush. The war is too high and too high, and the head is empty after the war.
Wan Li is willing to die, but once he succeeds. Draw a picture of Kirin Pavilion and enter Mingguang Palace.
Smile and say to the scribes: once you were poor! The ancients did not know this and often became old people.
Make an appreciative comment
The first half of this poem describes the magnificent battlefield battle scenes and renders a grand and tragic atmosphere.
The second half is to express the author's ambition to make contributions and make a portrait of Qilin Pavilion.
Meritorious minister, and laughed at those civil servants, only chanting, not really killing the country, alas.
If these literati don't understand this, they will only die in vain and can't go down in history.
This poem expresses the author's heroic feelings and ambition to make contributions to the country. The technique is grand.
Full of gas.
[Edit this paragraph] Rong Hong's "Xia Sai Qu"
original text
The north wind withered the grass, and the horse grew taller every day. After tonight, I will guard the building, and Qiu Lai will be careful.
The iron frost is heavy, and the horse is old and deep. It has its own Lulong plug, and the smoke has flown to this day.
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem is the sixth and last one in Rong Hong's group poem Song of the Frontier. The other five capitals are ancient poems with five words and six sentences. This one is a five-word poem. This topic is the poem "Saishangqu" written by Xinle Fu in Tang Dynasty, which belongs to the cross-blowing song.
There are many frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, either describing the cold climate, describing the precipitousness of ancient music, or exaggerating fierce battles. , to show the suffering of the expedition. This poem focuses on characters. By shaping the image of an experienced frontier soldier, it shows the sufferings brought to the frontier soldier by the long and cruel war and embodies a good wish for peace.
The first couplet "White grass withers in the north wind and flax grows in the air" touched the tense battlefield atmosphere in the frontier fortress. According to "History of the Western Regions", Wang Xianqian added that white grass "is no different from other grasses in spring, but withers in winter without withering, and its nature is tough". The north wind withered the white grass. It is conceivable that the wind is cold. In addition, The Book of Songs North Wind says that the north wind is cool and the rain and snow are wet. In his Biography of Poetry, Zhu thought that the north wind was a symbol of national danger and chaos, which also meant that the border situation was very sinister. The next sentence goes on to write that foreign troops are strengthening their defenses and approaching the fortress step by step. The military situation is very urgent. Come on, this horse walks very fast. These two sentences vividly describe the frontier fortress environment and the atmosphere of the battlefield, making it look like a spiritual sword. Although the image of Bian Jiang has not yet appeared, it has done enough baking and paving.
The four sentences in the middle mainly depict the image of the frontier commander, showing his painful psychology of not coming back for a long time: "After nightfall, we are guarding the building and the moon, and Qiu Lai will be worried. The iron frost is heavy, Ma Lao. " On autumn night, Leng Yue looked after the old defenders on the rostrum. Staring at the bright moon in the autumn sky, he couldn't help thinking of his family thousands of miles away, and his heart was filled with sadness. Gradually, a thick layer of frost condensed on his iron coat, and his dependent horse hissed from time to time, as if sighing about the age of garrison. The autumn moon is an ordinary thing, but it is associated with the garrison building, which symbolizes the homesickness of the frontier generals. The iron coat is something that can be put on at any time. It is covered with thick frost flowers, which shows the cold of the border, and the mood of the border can be imagined. War horses are inseparable partners, and even animals have to endure the long-term defense of the land, let alone people. In the four poems, the author selected the scenery and things closely related to the characters, so that they were highly integrated and formed an image picture without leaving traces, and the artistic conception of the characters naturally flowed out of the picture, which received touching effects.
These four poems are also very distinctive in syntax. The first two poems are two noun phrases, the head words are "month" and "heart", but readers can appreciate and understand rich meanings from "month" as opposed to "heart", which makes the poems extremely concise and implicit. The last two sentences have changed the syntax into a subject-predicate structure, highlighting the "iron clothes" and "war horses", and actually highlighting the shaping of the image of the general. This kind of sentence change not only emphasizes the key points and highlights the image, but also brings about the change of rhythm, which makes reading more rhythmic and shows the author's proficiency and exquisiteness. The last two sentences, "Smoke flies to the present", are a deep sigh naturally aroused by the poet from the image of the commander-in-chief of the frontier fortress, expressing his disgust at the continuous wars from ancient times to the present. "Lulongsai", an ancient place name, was called Lulongjun in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, in the west of Gan 'an County, Hebei Province. The situation here is sinister and is a battleground for military strategists. In the Tang Dynasty, Lu Long was appointed as our envoy to resist the invasion of Tubo, Khitan and Uighur, and the war never stopped. The author thinks of the long history from the veterans who guard the building on the moonlit night, and that the cruel war has never stopped, which has brought endless suffering to people. This poem is an allegory of the incompetence of the Tang Empire in frontier defense at that time, which failed to calm the border incidents for a long time, thus making veterans tired and bringing pain to soldiers. If the first couplet only shows the background of the veterans' appearance and paves the way for the characters' appearance, then the last couplet is the deeper anatomy and extension of the author's heart after the characters leap from the paper, which makes the thoughts sublimate naturally on the basis of the image, thus revealing more far-reaching significance. The first pair of couplets and the second pair of couplets take care of each other, complement each other and promote each other, making the images of veterans described in the Chinese couplets more vivid and enhancing the artistic appeal.
This poem is not only rich in syntactic changes, but also particularly concise, accurate and vivid in words. It is extremely powerful and accurate to use the verb "wither" to express the powerful power of the north wind to the white grass, and to use the word "fly" to explain the endless and endless smoke and dust. The adjectives "heavy" and "deep" have double meanings, which not only describe the situation that the frost is heavy and deep, but also further express the pain in the depths of the border, which is very vivid and implicit. The predecessors' evaluation of Yu's poetry "originated in the late Tang Dynasty" means that his words and sentences are neat and steady, but the poet's "ingenuity" is reflected in his poems without trace.
[Edit this paragraph] Xia Sai Qu by Wang Ya.
Young people quit the championship, (1)
Golden saddle sword (2) invited.
I don't know about horse bone typhoid water,
Just look at the notes of sunset in Longcheng (3)
Champion: the name of an ancient general. Gold sword: A sword with a handle or scabbard decorated with gold. (3) Longcheng: generally refers to the border areas.
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When I was young, I left home and went to war with the general, wearing Jin Jian to make contributions. Although Shui Han was freezing, I watched the border war.