About the author:
Lao She (1899-1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, courtesy name Sheyu, was a Manchurian from Beijing, a writer, and the first person in New China to win the title of "People's Artist" writer. He is the author of the novels "Camel Xiangzi" and "Four Generations Under One Roof", and the dramas "Teahouse" and "Longxugou", etc.
Introduction:
"Camel Xiangzi" describes the life of an ordinary rickshaw puller in old Beijing in the 1920s, reflecting a conscientious writer's understanding of the survival of the working people at the bottom. concern and sympathy for the situation. The whole novel uses the three ups and downs of Xiangzi's purchase of a car as the central clue of the plot development. It vividly expresses the miserable life of rickshaw pullers in the old society and artistically summarizes Xiangzi's transformation from full of hope to struggle to mental collapse. A miserable life of depravity. It profoundly exposes the darkness of old China, accuses the ruling class of exploitation and oppression of workers, expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people, and shows the poor citizens at the bottom of Beijing living in an abyss of pain under the warlords' melee and dark rule. picture. The novel also effectively illustrates that in the old society, hoping to make a fortune based solely on personal efforts was nothing more than an illusion.
Character introduction:
Xiangzi: (early stage) honest, strong, persevering, self-respecting, strong, hard-working; (late stage) numb, down and out, cunning, good at taking advantage, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling , giving up on oneself.
Huniu: manages the workers of the car factory, boldly pursues Xiangzi; bold and aggressive, but also a little psychologically twisted.
Siye Liu: The image of a cruel, domineering, dehumanized exploiter who values ??money more than his daughter and does not care about her daughter's happiness.
Mr. Cao: A small intellectual in the old society, a middle-class figure, who called himself a "socialist". He was lenient towards others because he believed in "socialism", and was considered a "sage" by Xiangzi.
〈Inquiry and Thinking〉
Topic 1: Writing a Biography for Xiangzi
This book uses the struggle and destruction of the protagonist Xiangzi as a clue. It can be said that it is the story of Xiangzi’s life. Record. Please write a short biography of Xiangzi based on the content of the work, and completely outline Xiangzi’s experience. After writing, pay attention to compare the work with the work for further revision, and strive to be accurate.
Example: Xiangzi was originally from a rural area, but later came to the city to make a living. After arriving in Beijing, he chose a common occupation for the city's lower class people at that time - driving foreign trucks, hoping to earn a living by his own efforts. He is honest, strong and stoic, just like a camel. He has a strong self-esteem, endures hardships and stands hard work, and relies on his own strength to earn a living. But after three ups and downs, Xiangzi has lost confidence in life. He became a numb, down-and-out, cunning, advantage-loving, food-drinking, whoring-gambling, self-destructive walking zombie.
Topic 2: Exploring the Causes of Tragedy
After reading the entire book, the tragedy of Xiangzi’s eventual destruction will undoubtedly shock you deeply. What force destroyed this once vibrant person? What is the cause of the tragedy? Read some chapters carefully with thought, search for information, write down the results of your research, and then have an in-depth discussion with your classmates.
There are three main aspects: first, the social system at the time and the persecution of reactionary forces, which were the objective reasons for Xiangzi’s tragedy; second, the path of personal struggle that Xiangzi took, which was the subjective reason for his tragedy. The third reason is the abnormal combination with Huniu, which is another important reason that led to Xiangzi's tragic ending.
Topic 3: Talking about "Yangche Drivers"
In addition to Xiangzi, the book also writes about all kinds of rickshaw drivers, leaving behind a precious history about the profession of rickshaw drivers in old Beijing. Record. Please sort out the contents of the book and introduce the situation of the rickshaw puller profession from the aspects of professional characteristics, personnel composition, living conditions, etc.
Example:
Among the few works in modern Chinese literature that describe the lives of the people at the bottom of the city, the image of the rickshaw driver is very eye-catching. Yang Chunfu was just an ordinary person in the society at that time. "Camel Xiangzi" tells the story of most of the rickshaw pullers in the old city of Peiping, China, who came from the countryside. The village made it impossible for them to survive. They came to the city, eager to create a new life with their honest labor. They chose the profession of La Yang. This choice shows that even though they have left the land, their way of thinking is still that of farmers. They are accustomed to individual labor, and at the same time they long for a car as reliable as the land. Buy a car and become an independent worker. At first, they often fight against life with a stoic character and stubborn attitude. When the fight ends in failure, they often move towards spiritual degeneration until they become jobless vagrants like walking corpses.
Topic 4: Analysis of "Beijing Taste"
The work gives a detailed description of the customs and customs of old Beijing, city life, and the unique language habits of Beijingers. I am reading. You must feel the strong "Beijing flavor" exuding there. Please choose an angle, excerpt some excerpts, and talk about how this feature is reflected.
The "Beijing flavor" in "Luotuo Xiangzi" is mainly reflected in three aspects:
First, Beijing people are written in Beijing dialect.
For example, the description of Xiangzi: "Looking at the high-class coachman, he planned how to get into his waist so as to show off his iron fan-like chest and straight back; he turned his head and looked at his shoulders, How wide, how majestic! After killing off the waist, put on white trousers with fat legs, and tie the trousers with chicken gut straps, revealing those big feet! "Chicken intestine belt" and "'outhao's big feet" are all typical uses of Beijing's popular language. The Erhua rhyme in Beijing dialect has a special flavor, which makes people feel that it is a local specialty of Beijing. It is just right for Lao She to use these vernacular words to write about a coachman.
The second is to write about the rich and colorful customs, customs and human conditions of Beijing. As written in the novel: "'What's wrong with you, old girl! You're here, and you don't have the fare yet! Old girl! Get on the bus!" It was only then that she took out a dime. Xiangzi could see it clearly. When he handed over the dime, his wife's hand was trembling a little. After seeing off the guests and helping Zhang's mother pack the card table and other things, Xiangzi glanced at his wife. My wife called me Zhang Ma. Most of the rickshaw pullers in the city came from the countryside. The village made it impossible for them to survive. They came to the city, eager to create a new life with their honest labor. They chose the profession of La Yang. This choice shows that even though they have left the land, their way of thinking is still that of farmers. They are accustomed to individual labor, and at the same time they long for a car as reliable as the land. Buy a car and become an independent worker. At first, they often fight against life with a stoic character and stubborn attitude. When the fight ends in failure, they often move towards spiritual degeneration until they become jobless vagrants like walking corpses.
The third is to write about the inherent characteristics formed by the accumulation of cultural traditions such as era, nation, history, etc. in the spirit, temperament, and character of Beijing people. For example, "Looking at the wind covered with gray sand sweeping past him, he nodded. The wind bent the trees on the roadside, tore the shop cloths to shreds, uncovered the bills on the wall, and obscured the senses. The sun sang, shouted, roared, and echoed; suddenly it went straight,...and suddenly it swept...but Xiangzi was there watching; he had just come out of the wind, and the wind couldn't do anything to him! Victory! It belongs to Xiangzi!" In this description, there is a strong wind and sand unique to Beijing. Xiangzi, who has lived in Beijing for a long time, naturally knows how to deal with it. At the same time, it also hints at the dark social environment at that time, but Xiangzi fought bravely and tenaciously against the harsh environment, which reflects the diligence and bravery of the Chinese working people. Xiangzi is an image that has both local character traits and a deep-seated national cultural and psychological structure. It not only arouses people's sympathy for Xiangzi's unfortunate life, but also arouses people's deeper thinking: In order not to repeat Xiangzi's tragedy, we must Negate that unreasonable old social system.
Common knowledge of literature
1. The author of "Luotuo Xiangzi" is _, whose original name is _, the word is _, and his pen name is _.
2. "Camel Xiangzi" describes a story about _that happened in _ in the 1920s and 1930s.
3. Lao She’s works are unique. The language of his works is based on __, which is the source of __________.
4. The protagonist of the novel is _·_____ is his nickname.
5. Xiangzi’s biggest dream is__
6. The protagonist of the novel, Xiangzi, was originally a rural person, but later came to the city to make a living. He was originally average. After experiencing the ups and downs of life, Xiangzi lost confidence in life. In the end, Xiangzi had become a zombie. The novel criticized the old society that did not allow good people to have a way out.
7. The owner of Xiangzi’s monthly payment was ______, a socialist. His student was later shot because he was betrayed by Xiangzi.
8. "Two big round eyes, a big nose, a square mouth, a pair of big tiger teeth, and his mouth looks like a tiger. He is almost as tall as Xiangzi, his head is shaved very high, and he has no beard." "This passage describes ＿＿who later became Xiangzi＿＿
9. "She also looks like a tiger-like head, so she scares men... She is like men in everything, and even scolds people with the ease of men. Sometimes there are more tricks. "This passage describes _, who later became Xiangzi's ___.
10. Xiangzi and Huniu left _____ and lived in a large courtyard. Erqiangzi in the courtyard gave his daughter __________ to a soldier. Later, when Xiangzi wanted to start a new life and went to the white house to find her, she was already __________.
11. Huniu died because of ______. _____ volunteered to go to the hospital to find someone, but he could not save Huniu’s life.
12. Please try to talk about reading and feelings about Luotuo Xiangzi’s work from one aspect of the theme writing characteristics and language.
_______________________________________________.
Appreciation of famous paragraphs
(1)
At this time, the old man’s gray hair like hay, mud on his face, hands like charcoal sticks, and The broken hat and cotton-padded jacket both seemed to emit a little pure light, like the statues of gods in a ruined temple. Although they were broken, they were still dignified. Everyone looked at him as if they were afraid he would leave. Xiangzi remained speechless and stood there blankly. When the old coachman said that his stomach was empty, he ran out suddenly, and then ran back again, holding ten steamed buns stuffed with mutton on a cabbage leaf in his hand.
He brought it to the old man's eyes and said, "Eat!" Then he sat down and lowered his head, as if he was very tired.
13. Who is the "old man" in the selected article? What kind of predicament was he in at the time?
14. Think about why Xiangzi in the selected article "sat where he was and lowered his head. , seems very tired”?
(2)
The snow is no longer so white, and the snow on the road has been rolled down by the wheels, revealing a bit of ice color. The tracks on the dirt track have been turned black and white by horses, which is a pity. Xiangzi didn't think anything, just carried the bedding and walked forward. Went to A in one breath. He didn't dare to stop. Once he stopped, he knew he wouldn't have the courage to go in. He walked straight in, his face burning with heat. He made up a sentence to say to Hu Niu: "I'm here, let's see what happens! It doesn't matter what you do, I have nothing to do!"
15. Where is A? Xiangzi Why did you come here now? Why did you leave later?
Synchronized High School Entrance Examination (2019·Jiangsu Xuzhou High School Entrance Examination)
Excerpt 1:
Such a big man pulls such a beautiful car, his own car, Gongzi It was so soft that even the handlebars moved slightly; the cabin was so bright, the cushions were so white, and the horn was so loud; how could I be worthy of myself if I couldn't run fast, and how could I be worthy of that car? This is not vanity at all, but seems to be a kind of responsibility. Unless you run fast or fly, you can't give full play to your own strength and the beauty of the car... When he got to the spot, he was sweating from his clothes and pants. Wow, like it was just fished out of the basin. He felt tired, but it was very pleasant and something to be proud of, a kind of fatigue, like riding a famous horse for dozens of miles. If courage does not mean carelessness, he was not careless when he ran boldly. If you don't run quickly, you will be sorry for others; if you run quickly and damage the car, you will be sorry for yourself. The car is his life, and he knows how to be careful. Putting caution and boldness together, he became more and more confident. He was convinced that both himself and the car were made of iron.
Excerpt 2:
Look at the sky, how clear and dry it is, just like the people in the north who are refreshing. When people encounter happy events, even the weather improves. It seems that he has never seen such a lovely Dongqing. In order to express his happiness more practically, he bought a frozen persimmon. When he took one bite, his mouth was filled with ice! The cold that penetrated his teeth slowly spread from his mouth to his chest, making his whole body tremble. After finishing it in a few mouthfuls, my tongue felt a little numb and I felt comfortable. He took long steps to find her. He had already seen that courtyard, that small house, and his beloved in his heart; all that was missing was a pair of wings to transport him there. As long as I see her, everything in the past can be wiped out and a new world will open up.
(Selected from "Camel Xiangzi", Jiangsu People's Publishing House)
16. "She" in the selected article is ____________? "Happy event" refers to _________.
17. Judging from the content of the selected article, what kind of person is "he"?
18. Connect the entire work and combine with specific examples to analyze "he"'s path to destruction reason.
Answer:
1. Lao She Shu Qingchun gave up to Lao She
2. Peking Rickshaw Driver
3. Beijing Spoken Beijing Flavor Novels
p>
4. Xiangzi "Camel"
5. Own a foreign car of his own
6. Honest, strong and persevering. Camel's "three rises and three falls" are numb, down-and-out, cunning, and self-destructive
7. Mr. Cao Ruan Ming
8. Father-in-law of Liu Siye, the owner of the car factory
9 .Hu Niu Wife
10. Ren Renhe and Xiao Fuzi of the depot hanged themselves in the woods
11. Difficult delivery of Xiao Fuzi
12.[Example 1] Passed Xiangzi's changes ruthlessly criticized this dark society.
[Example 2] The novel shows us a shocking picture of characters and the world with a strong flavor of old Beijing.
[Example 3] He is good at using various techniques to create characters and has strong artistic appeal. Example 4: Creatively use the spoken language of Beijing citizens to make the popular and simple language vivid, fresh, lively and powerful, and full of local characteristics. 13. Old horse. It was cold, I couldn't sit in my seat, and I was suffering from hunger and cold. My son went off to join the army and never came back, and his wife also ran away.
14. On the one hand, I feel sad for what happened to my fellow traveler Lao Ma; on the other hand, I feel confused and sad about my own future, because Lao Ma’s today is likely to be my own tomorrow.
15. People and car factories. The money Xiangzi had saved so hard was defrauded by Detective Sun, and everyone in Cao's house fled. Xiangzi had nowhere to go, so he had to come to Renhe Depot. During Liu Siye's birthday party, Liu Siye and Huniu had a falling out. Huniu simply took Xiangzi to rent a house outside and got married.
16. Mr. Cao of Xiaofuzi asked him to come to his house for monthly payment, and promised to let Xiaofuzi live and eat at his house
17. "He" is honest, honest, A person who is tenacious, has strong self-esteem, endures hardships and stands hard, and is full of beautiful hopes for love.
18. The reason why Xiao Fuzi went to "destruction" was the old society of cannibalism. Xiao Fuzi was first sold to an officer by Er Qiangzi, and then dumped back. In order to make money to support the family, he also sold meat. Finally, because Hu Niu died and no one helped her, and the family had no money, Er Qiangzi sent her to a brothel, and she hanged herself.