Content: The works in Jian 'an period truly reflect the real turmoil and people's suffering, and express the ideal and enterprising spirit of making contributions, which are all reflected in Cao Zhi's works.
Formally, Sancao completed the transition from Yuefu poetry to literati poetry, and established the orthodox position of five-character poetry in the history of China poetry. Among them, Cao Zhi's exploration scope is particularly broad, which has made great contributions to the development of seven-character poems. During Jian 'an period, poetry was gradually separated from music, so Cao Shi and his son also played an exemplary role in the rhyme of poetry. For example, many of Cao Zhi's poems are catchy in sound beauty: "The green rose is near Yushu, and the light shines brilliantly." There are two real people, goofy. My heart is so warm that I want to climb the clouds. Later generations commented on "even fitness" and "eight-tone singing".
In terms of ideological temperament, Simamen incident was a turning point in Cao Zhi's life. From the early prosperity to the sadness in his later years, his works are permeated with a strong sense of hardship. Compared with his father, Cao Cao's broad and sad sense of hardship, "not worrying about the future, worrying about the world, and dying without regret", Cao Zhi's sense of hardship has changed from worrying about the world to worrying about himself, and his personality embodies the complementary characteristics of Confucianism and Taoism, which is more prominent.
In Jian 'an literature, "Three Caos" created a new situation of poetry. The creation of Cao Shi and his son has completed the transformation from Yuefu folk songs to literati poems, with distinct literary personality.
Cao Zhi's poems should be divided into two periods based on the twenty-five years of Jian 'an.
In the early stage, he sang his ideals and ambitions, optimistic spirit and romantic mood. A typical example is the white horse.
White horse decorated with gold, flying northwest. Excuse me, who is the family? You are a ranger.
Young people go to villages and towns, raising their voices and hanging in the desert. I used to have a good bow, but my arrows were uneven.
If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch. Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes.
Smarter than monkeys and apes, as brave as leopards. There are many policemen in the border town, and the number of soldiers and riders is also moving.
Feathers come from the north, and horses climb the embankment. The dragon drove to the Huns, and the left looked around and led Xianbei.
Give up your life on the blade, and your life will be safe? Parents don't care, how can we talk about children and wives!
A famous person is a strong person, and he can't be selfish. Give your life to the national disaster and feel like you're dying!
The later poems express the grief and indignation aroused by ideals and reality.
For example, the "Noda Yellowbird Tour" that persecuted myself and my friends.
For example, duckweed, beauty, kind of girl, miscellaneous poems, compare yourself with your wife and abandon her to express your true feelings.
For example, narrative poems are still "miscellaneous poems":
Servants and servants drive hard early, and we will travel far. Do you want to travel far away? Wu avenged me.
Will Wan Li be the best way, and East Road will be safe? There are many rivers in Hengtai, and the rivers are swift.
I hope to have a light economy, but I regret that there is no ark. Seclusion is not my ambition, I am willing to worry about my country.
For example, there are many poems about immortals, five poems, distant poems and ascension poems.
There are also poems and essays. Luo Shen Fu is a masterpiece of lyric fu in Jian 'an period.
As for the relationship between Three Caos and Five-character Poems, firstly, Cao Cao's poems inherited the characteristics of Han Yuefu, and there are more than 20 existing poems, both in content and writing, which are in the same strain as Yuefu's spirit of "feeling sad and happy, starting from things". His Yuefu poems mainly describe the poet's own political views and ambitions to unify the world.
Cao Pi has 40 existing poems, and his poems are more devoted to the expression of personal feelings. In terms of language art, Cao Pi's poems are beautiful in style and harmonious in rhyme. In artistic form, he has three words, four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous words.
Of the three Cao Cao's, Cao Zhi was the first person to write a five-character poem vigorously. There are more than 90 existing poems, including more than 60 five-character poems, which not only inherit the styles of The Book of Songs, Chuci and Yuefu, but also have their own characteristics, completing the transformation from Yuefu folk songs to literati poems.
About evaluation
Zhong Rong's poem said: "The character is extremely high, and the words are adopted by Huamao. The feelings are elegant and resentful, and the body is literary."
Xie Lingyun commented: "There is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights. I have to fight, and the world is divided into one battle. "
Cao Zhi's poems are highly praised by later generations for three main reasons: first, his literary talents are rich and colorful; Secondly, he has a great influence on the development of five-character poems; Thirdly, his unfortunate life experience has aroused the recognition of later scholars.
Five-character poems can be said to be truly carried forward in the hands of Cao Zhi, who is to the Five Ancient Dynasties as Du Fu is to the Seven Laws.