“After ten years of hard work, no one asked me, but I became famous all over the world in one fell swoop.” This sentence can be said to be a true portrayal of ancient scholars. Ancient scholars studied hard for ten years just to be nominated for the gold list one day. The highest level of nomination for the gold list is undoubtedly the top pick in high school. The ideal that scholars dream of. Taking the imperial examination was the only way to realize this ideal.
What is the imperial examination? In short, in one simple sentence, the imperial examination was the educational examination and official selection system of feudal society. The imperial examination system originated in the Sui Dynasty. In the seventh year of Kaihuang's reign (587), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty issued an edict: "Every state pays tribute to three people every year, and industry and commerce are not allowed to join the world." In the eighteenth year of Kaihuang's reign (598), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty issued an edict saying that he should be prudent in his conduct and practice, and ask Ping Yu and Ji to study. One tests moral integrity and the other tests talent. It is just a matter of comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and labor skills. The Jinshi Department was founded in 607, the third year of Emperor Yang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty. This was a sign that the imperial examination system was officially established. The controversial imperial examination system began its long history from then on until the abolition of the imperial examination system in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905). It lasted for 1,300 years. The imperial examination system could last for 1,300 years. On the way, we have to pass through the period of separatism and turbulence, and also go through the period of minority rule. It cannot but be said to be a miracle. It was also from this time that China's main official selection system was formally established, which was the imperial examination system.
Post a list of China’s main official selection systems before the imperial examination system
Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties—feudal system and hereditary system.
The two Han Dynasties - imperial examinations and conquests
The Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties - the nine-level Zhongzheng system
A brief introduction to the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty
In order for everyone to better understand the No. 1 Scholar in the Tang Dynasty, it is necessary to give a brief introduction to the No. 1 Scholar in the Tang Dynasty and the imperial examination system.
What exactly is the number one scholar? The number one scholar is the first in the Jinshi department. And only the first place in the Jinshi subject can be called the number one scholar. This is mainly due to the following reasons. The first is because the Jinshi subject is particularly difficult to pass. There are only a dozen or even a few people in each subject. There is a proverb in the Tang Dynasty: "Thirty-year-old Ming Jing, fifty-year-old Jinshi." This means that someone who passed the Ming Jing exam at the age of thirty is considered very old. And if you pass the Jinshi examination at the age of fifty, then you are still a young man. And the age of fifty in the Tang Dynasty is at least worth sixty or seventy now. In today's society, I'm afraid there is no exam. If you pass the exam at the age of 60, people will still say you are very young.
Second: People with a Jinshi background can often become highly respected ministers in the later stages. Therefore, he is also called Baiyi Gongqing. The famous prime minister Xue Yuanchao once sighed: "I am not talented, but I am rich and noble, but I have three major hatreds in my life: one is that I failed to pass the Jinshi, the second is that I have not married a woman with the fifth surname, and the third is that I cannot write national history." He failed the exam. Jin Shi Ke is his biggest hatred. The great poet Yuan Zhen ranked first in economics and wanted to make friends with Li He. But Li He said, "You are from the Ming Jing class. Why did you come to see me? I'm gone." Yuan Zhen was so ashamed that he had to retreat. Li He was unable to take the Jinshi examination because he avoided family taboo. It's really funny to think about it. A person who can't take the Jinshi examination actually looks down on the first place in Mingjing.
Not only did the number one scholar in the Tang Dynasty rank first in the Jinshi category, but the number one scholar in all previous dynasties also ranked first in the Jinshi category. The main content of the Jinshi examination in the Tang Dynasty was poetry and fu. The reason why the Tang Dynasty was the golden age of poetry was that the imperial examination played a big role
The imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty had the following three main characteristics
1: The style of writing was prevalent. What Xingjuan is, can be summed up in one sentence: "open the back door." However, Xingjuan was a normal public relations activity in the Tang Dynasty. Juzi in the Tang Dynasty wrote scrolls of his representative works and gave them to dignitaries before taking exams in order to gain their recommendation.
This was very important in the Tang Dynasty, even more important than test scores. For example, Wang Weizhong became the number one scholar because of the recommendation of the princess. It is conceivable that this will inevitably breed the emergence of FB. However, there is also an advantage, that is, you can combine your daily performance with the exam to make a comprehensive assessment, so as to avoid determining your life in one exam.
Two: The exam will not be anonymous. This point is connected to the previous point. It is because of not hiding your name that the examiner knows that you are Zhang San, Li, Si Wang and Er Mazi. Only then can you know who recommended you. Otherwise, if you can't see your name, how would you know who you are? The writing has lost its meaning.
Three: There is no palace examination. Although Wu Zetian held palace examinations, no system was formed. The formal system of imperial examinations was established in the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, candidates in the Tang Dynasty only had to go through two levels of examinations to get top marks. The first level is a local examination, and the second level is an examination held at the Ministry of Rites in the capital. The number one scholar is chosen by the examiner and generally has nothing to do with the emperor.
Post a chronicle of major scientific examinations in the Tang Dynasty
In the fifth year of Emperor Wude of the Tang Dynasty (622): Sun Fuga became the first number one scholar in the history of our country
Tang Zaichu The first year of the Tang Dynasty (690): Wu Zetian questioned the emperor's son in Luocheng Palace, which was the beginning of the recorded palace examination
The first year of Tang Shenlong (705): There was a banquet in Qujiang and the title of the Wild Goose Pagoda.
The following text begins, starting our journey to the number one scholar
Gaozu Dynasty (618-626)
Li Yuan (566-635), courtesy name Shude , a native of Chengji, Longxi (now north of Qin'an County, Gansu Province). A distinguished person from generation to generation, he was given the title of Duke of the Tang Dynasty in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In 618 AD, the Tang Dynasty was established and the Wude of Yuan Dynasty was changed. Later, because his son Li Shimin launched the Xuanwumen mutiny, he was forced to abdicate. Become the Supreme Emperor. After his death, he was given the temple name Gaozu.
Sun Fujia, the ancestor of the number one scholar
All walks of life in China especially like to recognize their ancestors. For example, Lu Ban is the ancestor of carpenters, and Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty is the ancestor of the opera world. Master, the most bizarre thing is that Zhang Fei is the founder of the pig killing industry. The number one scholar is no exception. The founder of the number one scholar is Sun Fujia. If we regard the number one scholar as a martial arts sect, Sun Fujia is the founder of the number one scholar.
Sun Fujia was born in Wucheng, Beizhou (now Qinghe, Hebei Province). There is no record of his birth in history books for a long time. It is only known that he died in 658. Comrade Sun Fuga was very good. He passed the Jinshi examination as early as the Sui Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, only a few Jinshi were admitted nationwide. At that time, the value of Jinshi was higher than that of being admitted to Peking University and Tsinghua University now.
Sun Fuga did not expect that it would not be easy to become a Jinshi, but it would be even harder to get along in the officialdom. After hanging around for many years, he finally got the official position of Wannian County Magistrate. Equivalent to the president of the current County-level Junior People's Court. Seeing that I have been stuck like this all my life, there is no hope of getting ahead. But I didn’t expect that there is always a way out. Li Yuan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, rebelled against the Sui Dynasty and established the Tang Dynasty. Now there are three choices before Sun Fujia. A is determined not to surrender and learn from Wen Tianxiang to sacrifice his life for righteousness. B: Adopt an attitude of non-violence and non-cooperation with the Tang Dynasty, and learn from Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu, etc. C: Surrender to the Tang Dynasty and continue his official career in the Tang Dynasty. Comrade Sun Fujia chose C. Why choose C? , because our middle school teachers have told us, students, when you don’t know what to choose when doing multiple-choice questions, just choose C. C has the highest probability of being correct.
In the blink of an eye, Comrade Sun Fuga changed from a lower-level official in the Sui Dynasty to a higher-level official who was highly valued by the emperor. As the founder of the Zhuangyuan sect, Sun Fujia's unique martial arts secret book is Najian. This is somewhat similar to Wei Zheng, the first remonstrator throughout the ages. Everyone can call him "Xiao Wei Zheng." In the early years of Wude, Sun Fuga gave Li Yuan an admonition. It is indeed a unique martial arts secret book. There are three moves to take action
The first move: open up a way to speak. The main content is that the emperor should let ministers express their opinions. Only this way. Even if the emperors did something wrong, there would be no major turmoil because of the reminders from the ministers. Comrade Sun Fuga also put this top line on the line, saying that one of the main reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty was the obstruction of speech.
Second move: Abolish pop music. Because pop music has no role in educating people. And it is easy to develop the trend of debauchery and luxury. Pay attention to more music for transformation. People should be allowed to listen to Beethoven and Schubert's music more so that their sentiments can be cultivated.
Third move: Carefully choose the entourage for the crown prince and his prince. As the saying goes, those who are close to vermilion are red, and those who are close to ink are black. Sun Fujia said: "Human nature is pure. Due to different acquired environments, the characters developed are also different. Because of this, you must be careful when choosing followers for princes and princes. At that time, it was still There is no Three-Character Sutra, otherwise Sun Fujia would say that they are similar in nature and far apart in practice.
These three moves are powerful and fatal. Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty was very happy when he heard that he played all three things correctly. He was promoted to official position and was rewarded with three hundred pieces of silk. When he was in court, Sun Fujia already knew about his promotion through the gossip, but Comrade Sun Fujia seemed calm and composed. It was as if he didn't care about it at all. When the emperor's edict arrived at home, everyone in the family was overjoyed. Sun Fujia just went out to receive the order.
After this successful experience, Sun Fujia continued his efforts and made many suggestions to Emperor Gaozu, such as reducing taxes for the people. Tang Emperor Gaozu sighed: "Only people like Li Gang and Sun Fuga are truly upright ministers. We should all learn from him.
The Emperor Gaozu just had to write a few words for Comrade Sun Fuga - learn from Comrade Sun Fuga.
The Tang Dynasty did not completely unify the country during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, so wars often took place. The Tang Dynasty captured many prisoners during the war. Since there was no international convention at that time, the prisoners had to be returned. So the disposal of prisoners is a problem. Emperor Gaozu discussed how to deal with these prisoners at the court. What Gaozu meant was to go into exile and support the border construction of the motherland. But Sun Fujia didn't see it that way and urged Emperor Gaozu to forgive their sins. That is to say, we need to combine the rule of morality with the rule of law. Soon, Sun Fuga asked Gaozu to set up the post of admonishment officer, and Gaozu agreed to do so.
But trouble comes from the mouth, and too many words will lead to mistakes. In the fifth year of Gaozu's Wude (623), Sun Fuga once played a memorial and finally made Gaozu angry. Emperor Gaozu was furious and thought: I will give you a chicken feather to serve as an arrow, but I will give you a hammer and take it seriously. Sun Fujia was dismissed from office.
However, "Misfortune lies on the back of blessing, and misfortune lies on it." At that time, the Tang Dynasty held an imperial examination, and the examiner was Shen Shining. At that time, the imperial examination system was not complete. If we did not take the civil service examination now, people who would be fired from public office would not be qualified. There were no such rules at that time. Sun Fujia took the Jinshi examination and got the first place. In this way, the first number one scholar in Chinese history was born. It also started the thousand-year dream of scholars competing for the top prize.
After Sun Fuga became the champion, he became the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment. After Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, Sun Fujia still maintained his style of outspoken advice. Emperor Taizong especially liked hunting. One time, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to go hunting again, leading his guards and his pet falcons and hounds. Just as he was about to set off, he met Sun Fuga. Of course, Sun Fuga continued to carry forward his fine traditions and give advice.
I talked about a lot of truths, and in a nutshell, it’s better for you, Emperor, not to go.
Tang Taizong is now on the rise. I felt very unhappy when I heard this, but it was really hard to get angry. Because who is Tang Taizong? He is the emperor who is best at accepting advice, and he does not want to ruin his good reputation. He said patiently, "I'm just going to hunt. You see, I have only a few followers and I won't disturb the people. It's no big deal." After saying that, Taizong was ready to set off.
Who knew that Sun Fujia was even more of a ruthless person. Kneeling in front of Taizong's horse: "Your Majesty must go out today, so please step over me. I am willing to die in exchange for your Majesty's acceptance of my suggestions."
Taizong became very angry when he heard this. , thinking: You can do it, Old Sun, but he threatened me with death, and shouted: "Come here, drag this old man out and chop me down."
The warriors around Taizong came over immediately, Lifted Sun Fujia up like a chicken. Sun Fujia said without changing his expression: "I can finally meet Guan Longfeng of the Xia Dynasty under Jiuquan." This sentence was powerful, because Guan Longfeng was also killed because of his remonstrance. It means that if I die, I can gain the reputation of a loyal minister, but you, the emperor, will have to bear the bad reputation of scolding the emperor.
As the saying goes: The emperor's kindness and power are unpredictable. This sentence is absolutely correct. At this time, Taizong smiled and said: "I'm just testing your courage. I won't go out today. I heard that you are very good at chess. I want to play a game with you and enjoy the joy of playing chess with a master."
Sun Fuga paid homage to Dali Qing again in the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (641). In the fifth year of Gaozong Yonghui (654), Sun Fuga felt that he was too old to do anything anymore, so he retired and went home. Enjoying family happiness at home, he died of illness at home in the third year of Xianqing (658) and went to report to Marx.
Taizong Dynasty
Li Shimin (598-649), the third son of Li Yuan. In 626 AD, the Xuanwumen Revolution was launched, killing Prince Li Jiancheng and King Qi Li Yuanji. Soon after, Li Shimin ascended the throne and was named Zhenguan. The rule of Zhenguan was passed down to later generations. Because of his outstanding civil and martial arts, he was hailed as the emperor of the ages by later generations.
Emperor Taizong once stood on the Duanmen Gate and saw the new scholars filing out of the palace in celebration. He said happily: "Heroes in the world have fallen into my trap." The trap refers to the range reached by the arrow. It means that all the heroes in the world are under my control. Taizong's words are really powerful, and they immediately point out the essence of the imperial examination system. Prison guard. Let all the scholars in the world study hard for the sake of becoming officials. Study articles all your life and never rise up to rebel. As long as scholars do not rise up in rebellion, others can only be regarded as grass bandits. Therefore, Zhao Gu wrote a poem: "Emperor Taizong's great strategy has made heroes grow old." 699), a native of Wuyuan, Zhengzhou. The number one scholar in the 21st year of Zhenguan. Comrade Lou Shide can be described in one word, that is, Mr. Good. Famous for the word "forbearance".
It is said that once, Lou Shide's younger brother went to Daizhou (today's Dai County, Shanxi) to be an official. Before leaving, he said goodbye to Lou Shide. Lou Shide asked: "When you go out to be an official, you must be patient. Have you thought about what to do?" Lou Shide's younger brother had long known that his brother had this temper, so he had already The family has made a plan. He said confidently: "Even if someone spits on my face, I won't be angry. I just wipe it clean. That's okay." Brother Lou Shide thought that this answer was perfect, and was about to praise him a few words. Unexpectedly, Lou Shide said: "It's not good to do this. When people spit on you, it's because they are angry with you. If you wipe the spit clean, how can the person's anger be eliminated? So you should let the spit on its own." Get rid of it. This is where the idiom allusion comes from.
Another time, Lou Shide and Li Zhaode went to court together. Lou Shide was obese and Li Zhaode walked very slowly. They all stopped to wait for him, and finally got tired of waiting and said to him: "What a country bumpkin, I can't walk fast. Lou Shide didn't care after hearing this, but smiled and said: "I'm not a country bumpkin, who is a country bumpkin?" "The two laughed at the same time.
Lou Shide is good at promoting talents. Di Renjie, the famous prime minister of Wu Zetian Dynasty, was promoted by Lou Shide. Comrade Lou Shide had a high ideological level. He promoted Di Renjie without letting him know. . You really do good things without leaving your name.
Due to political disagreements with Lou Shide, Di Renjie excluded Lou Shide many times. Wu Zetian told him that the reason why you are the prime minister today is because of Lou. Shi De cannot be recommended. Otherwise, how would I know who you are? You are still drinking the northwest wind at home. When Di Renjie heard this, he was so ashamed that he praised Shi De for his magnanimity.
Comrade Lou Shide was also a versatile man in both civil and military affairs. He resisted the invasion of Tibet and was stationed at the border for more than 30 years.
The first three different comrades in the Tang Dynasty. ——Song Shoujie
Comrade Song Shoujie, this person’s resume is difficult to write. He is a typical person with three different comrades (I don’t know his font size, his birth and death dates, and his place of origin). Haha, there is no way. , many champions in the Tang Dynasty were like this. The Tang Dynasty did not pay attention to the champions, especially in the early days, so we will see more three different comrades later.
The first year of Xianheng in Song Shoujie. 670 years). Other things are left to be tested. However, there is a famous poet on this list, Du Fu's grandfather Du Shenyan.
It is a pity that Du Fu did not have a high school Jinshi, which made the imperial examination less regrettable.
The gangster boss——Guo Zhen
Guo Zhen (655-713), named Yuan Zhen, was a native of Guixiang, Weizhou (now a famous name in Hebei Province). In the fourth year of Emperor Xianheng's reign (673 years), he passed the first prize.
Comrade Guo Zhen had very high ambitions when he was a child. He entered Taixue at the age of 16 and studied with Xue Ji and Guo Yanzhao. Guo Zhen's academic performance is good, but he lacks a lot of social experience. Once, a man dressed in mourning clothes came to borrow money from Guo Zhen. : "Said that the family is poor, someone died, and there is no money for burial. Please do me a favor and lend me some money. And it was 400,000 yuan." Guo Zhen did not ask whether this matter was true. He investigated Find out more about this person. There was no discount on the money that others wanted to borrow, and all was lent. The man left happily, but after leaving he thought: You idiot, who would you lie to if I didn't lie to you? There is no record in the history books that the person did not pay back the money in the end? But students, do you think you have paid it back?
After all, Comrade Guo Zhen had good grades and was the top scorer in high school at the age of 18. After high school, he went to Tongquan to become a county captain. Normally, he should just be an official, but Comrade Guo Zhen was worried about something and he didn't have enough money! At that time, it was not easy for FB in the Tang Dynasty. It seemed that I wanted to do some side business to generate income. The horse is not fattened by the night, so we will do it if we are told. Guo Zhen did an earth-shattering thing, that is, human trafficking. Regardless of men, women, old or young, traffickers and lackeys, all of them were accepted as ordered. This is a hugely profitable deal. But after working for a while, Comrade Guo Zhen felt that the money was coming in too slowly (I really wonder, Comrade Guo Zhen, what are you doing every day? Why are you so desperately short of money?), so he had to find another way. What is more profitable than human trafficking? Have you thought about it? That's right, that's just making money. If you make counterfeit money, just use it secretly. Comrade Guo Zhen's behavior is really different from that of ordinary people. Guo Zhen also gave the banknotes he printed to his friends, so that everyone can use them together. It is better to have fun with everyone than to enjoy it alone.
Comrade Guo Zhen is so arrogant, will the local officials not care? I forgot to introduce to you, Guo Zhen's position as County Lieutenant is almost equivalent to the current Director of the Public Security Bureau. If you know the law and break the law, you should be your own protection. Became a local tyrant. Is there no royal law in the prosperous Tang Dynasty?
The local people could only report the problem through constant petitions. Since the case of human trafficking and counterfeit money production was quite large, the officials below could not make a decision, so they had to report it to the emperor Wu Zetian, who summoned Guo Zhen. Beijing, prepare to personally intervene. Comrade Guo Zhen is quite smart. When he heard that the emperor summoned him, he must have committed an crime. So before Wu Zetian could ask anything, he immediately confessed everything without reservation. Since you have confessed, you should be lenient if you confess. This is true today, and it was also true in ancient times. Wu Zetian saw that Guo Zhen honestly confessed his mistake, and when he looked carefully, he was still a bit handsome. His heart felt a little soft, Guo Zhen observed the words and emotions, and immediately presented his famous work "Sword Ode". Wu Zetian took a look and thought it was a good article. It seems that not only is he handsome, but his literary skills are also good. He will no longer be held responsible. He also praised him.
Comrade Guo Zhen is also an outstanding diplomat. He once visited Tibet as a diplomat and accomplished his mission very well. After that, Guo Zhen's official career was prosperous and he rose to prominence. He served as the Governor of Liangzhou, the Grand Protector of the West, the Chief Superintendent of Jinshan Road, and the Imperial Servant. He has reached the third rank of Tong Zhongshu, Minister of the Ministry of War, and was granted the title of Duke of Dai. Comrade Guo Zhen is so unhappy.
Not long after Tang Xuanzong came to the throne, Comrade Guo Zhen's happy little life was coming to an end. Xuanzong once held a military parade in Lishan, but Guo Zhen's soldiers were in trouble. They were lazy and lacked the dignity of a soldier. In fact, this is not a big problem, but the problem is that Xuanzong was unhappy with Guo Zhen, so he took advantage of this and demoted Guo Zhen to a remote place. In the first year of Kaiyuan (713), Xuanzong thought of Guo Zhen again. After all, he is a talented person, so he appointed Guo Zhen as Sima of Raozhou. Guo Zhen once again set out on the road with longing for the future. But Comrade Guo Zhen's good luck also came to an end, and he died of illness on the way to take office.
Finally, I will record a piece of Guo Zhen's "Ode to the Sword" to see how Guo Zhen moved Wu Zetian.
Don’t you see that Kunwu’s iron smelting is flying in flames and smoke, and its red light and purple energy are all impressive.
After several years of hard work, he forged a sword named Longquan.
The color of Longquan is like frost and snow, and the good workers sigh in admiration.
The glazed jade box sprouts lotus flowers, and the gold rings are engraved to reflect the bright moon.
It is a time when there is no trouble in the world, so I am lucky enough to be able to protect myself from a gentleman.
The light is dark green snake color, and the articles are green turtle scales.
Not only have I been friends with knight-errants, I have also been close to heroes.
He Yan was abandoned on the middle road and left alone beside the ancient prison.
Although it is buried and useless, it can still soar to the sky every night.
Henan's first number one scholar - Zheng Yi
Zheng Yi, from Xingyang, Henan (now a native of Xingyang, Henan), won the number one scholar in the second year of Shangyuan (675). The examiner is the examiner Wai Lang Qianwei. This is also the first number one scholar in Henan history.
Although Zheng Yi is not well-known, there are no official records of him. All deeds are yet to be examined, but this list does include many celebrities, such as Song Zhiwen, Shen Quanqi, and Liu Xiyi.
Liu Xiyi has a famous poem: “The flowers are similar every year, but the people are different every year.
"Song Zhiwen and Shen Quanqi have almost the same status in the history of Chinese poetry. We are used to calling them Shen Song. Who had better grades, Song Zhiwen or Shen Quanqi? We don't know now, but there is a story about their poetry competition for our reference. .
Tang Zhongzong once held a poetry competition, and the referee was the famous and talented Shangguan Wan'er. The competition was based on an elimination system, which was similar to that of Super Girl. All the poems were handed over to the audience, and the pieces of paper were like snowflakes. After a while, there were only two poems left in the hand: one was written by Song Zhiwen, and the other was written by Shen Quanqi. < /p>
Please don’t go away. After the advertisement, it will be even more exciting.
After a while, Shen Quanqi’s poem was also ranked first. But Shen Quanqi was not convinced. , why are you the first? She filed a protest. Shangguan Wan'er dismissed the complaint and said, "If you have any objections, let me tell you that the last two lines of your poem are "I am a humble minister, I am ashamed to see Yu Zhang's material" The meaning is finished here, but the last two sentences of Song Zhiwen are "Don't worry about the moon being gone, there will be night beads." The poem is finished, but the meaning is not. " Shen Quanqi was also convinced by this statement.