A Brief Analysis of the Ancient Poetry Rain and Du Yun

Wang Yangming wrote countless poems in his life, especially when he met Chen Longchang. In the year of Zheng Deyuan (1506), eunuch Liu Jin was imprisoned for remonstrance, and Nanjing Kedao Dai and others were also imprisoned. , and Yang Ming is reluctant to save. So I offended Liu Jin and was beaten by court staff for forty years. He abandoned ghosts and later relegated Longchang, Guizhou. Whether in exile or in the mountains and rivers of southwest China, he often used poetry to dispel his melancholy. At that time, most of the poems were filled with emotion, with clear images, delicate brushwork and rich human feelings, which won the charm of Tang poetry and almost no mysterious philosophical preaching, so the poems were full of touching artistic charm. Rain and Du Yun are one example.

In the evening hall, it was raining in Chai Men, and it was dark, and suddenly it entered the residual lotus basin.

Wan Li Cang Jiang gave birth to white hair, and several people sat at dusk.

At the beginning of autumn, I was a guest, and only Yu Ju stayed in the barren path.

But I remember the farming and fishing land in my hometown. I went to Jiangcun with piccolo.

"Exile Poetry" and "Retirement Poetry" are handed down from generation to generation. Qu Yuan and Tao Qian are self-evident, so is a careful study of Yangming's poems. His "Wandering Hometown, My Heart Destroyed by Tears" (Yang Shu, Volume 19, Picking Ferns) and "Last month, I was shocked by the hills in the forest" (confinement) are closely related to Qu Yuan's deep sadness and indifference. On the one hand, it stems from inner fanaticism, on the other hand, because of an ill-fated life, it makes emotions go back and forth, pretending to be a gesture of refusing fame and fortune; Salvation and freedom, sympathy and comfort, worrying about it or going home ... poets wander between the two. We can fully feel this from the poem "Du Yun due to rain".

Rain and Du Yun was written by Yang Ming on his way to Chen Long. Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long that "feelings move with things, and words are sent with feelings". Due to the change of environment and the expansion of free space, the poet's sadness and despair in prison have been greatly alleviated; Compared with the mentality of "You live in a secluded room until you fall asleep" (Insomnia) and "When will you come back, when will you be late, when will you be depressed, and your tears will be as long as the moon" (House), your mood at that time was obvious, though not very high. However, as a poet whose spirit and body are both drifters, his inner conflicts have never diminished, and the pain of loss still haunts him. Therefore, the first four sentences of this poem are implicit and gloomy. In the poem, the poet used many cool images, such as "rain relief", "residual load", "white hair", "dusk" and "barren path", which created a frustrated emotional atmosphere. Although the original heart-eating pain has been diluted, it still can't wash away the tension and attachment in the poet's heart and the sense of exile caused by violating taboos.

The first sentence of the poem reads "It's raining at dusk, and it's dark in Chai Men": at dusk, there are thick clouds in the sky, sitting in front of the hall and looking out, and heavy raindrops fall sparsely; The yard in front of the firewood door is becoming more and more gloomy and hazy. Fortunately, at this moment, the hero has a rest place and a little leisure to stare at the sudden raindrops, "suddenly falling the residual load and dumping the stone basin." Compared with Liu Changqing's "Chai Men smells dogs barking, and the snow returns to people at night", it is undoubtedly another emotional picture left in the sunset. The first couplet is so depressing, and the next two sentences are even more melancholy. According to the requirements of metrical poems, the antithesis is neat and intriguing. "Wan Li Cangjiang has white hair, and several people sit at dusk." A few days later, it began to rain cats and dogs, and it jumped like a needle on the Wan Li River. Pale and boundless, more like clusters of white hair born immediately. In front of the stormy hall, the lights flickered like a ghost fire; Several tired guests at the end of the world sat together and looked after each other silently. Then there are two flowing necklaces, which obviously have a tendency to turn around. Poets want to promote and suppress first, do not think about submission, and are eager for spiritual regeneration; "The tourists come to autumn first, and only chrysanthemums are left in the barren path", which is quite impressive for Lu You to "smash into mud and grind into dust, but the fragrance remains the same". However, spiritual regeneration is difficult to talk about. Since you are wandering around the world with no hope of salvation and suffered such humiliation and failure, pray for a free peace, not to mention that your hometown (Yuyao, Zhejiang) has an ancestor (Yan Ziling) who has become a model for generations to come. As a result, the poet suddenly had the idea of retiring, and took the lead in fleeing with his own spirit, eager to return to his hometown: "But he remembered the land of agriculture and fishing in his hometown and went to Jiangcun with piccolo."

At this point, we might as well compare it with Du Fu's original poem Bai Di. The last two sentences of Du Fu's poem are like this: "Mourning the death of the widow and the village of Yuan Qiu?" Two references, different ideas. Du Fu's "depression and frustration" has always been well known. Just like the poem "Bai Di", from the beginning of the poem "Bai Di City Clouds Out, Rain Over the Pot", to "The ancient wood is eclipsed, the sun and the moon are dim", "A hundred schools of thought contend today", and then to "Where is the village this autumn", the poet is worried from beginning to end, and everyone's happiness is tied to his heart. The whole poem has a bleak scene, like a devastated village in Yuan Qiu. Obviously, compared with Du Fu's consistent salvation, Yangming made no secret of his profound sense of contradiction, so at the end of the poem, he showed a carefree look of forgetting things and forgetting myself. In this regard, we may get such a revelation: it is precisely because of Wang Yangming's realistic attitude and his tolerant spirit as a wise man that he is not a great poet but a great philosopher.

By the way, reading Yang Ming's poem "Rain and Du Yun" seems to be related to Si Kongshu and his works, one of the "Ten Talented Scholars in Dali Period" in the Tang Dynasty. According to the four-year record of Ten Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty, Si Kongshu was "an upright and upright talented person" and "sexually Geng Jie, who didn't want to do anything", so he also had a bumpy career. Although Yang Ming didn't take Sikong Shu as his own situation directly in his poems, he was undoubtedly influenced by his poetic style. In the poem "Don't Shen Han in Yunyang Inn" by Sikong Shu, there is a sentence that "we are illuminated by a single light, soaked with cold and wet bamboo, and smoky". The first sentence of Yangming's poem is "It rains at dusk, and Chai Men is dark". The first two sentences in Sikong Shu's Looking Back on the Past in Jinling are "The road is dark in spring, and the court is covered with weeds", which is Rainbow Yangming's "Autumn comes first, and only chrysanthemums are left in the barren path". The difference is that as a later master of psychology, his subjective color is more intense. The so-called "the world can't see its face, but see its heart by its text" (Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long). There is also a poem "Jiangcun is a Thing" by Si Kongshu, which begins with two sentences: "When the fishing boat returns, it is not tied to the boat, and the moon sets in Jiangcun, so you can sleep peacefully", so it has a near-near-re-embodiment flavor, and that kind of chic and tireless must be praised by Yang Ming, so there is a relief of "recalling the agricultural and fishing places in my hometown and going to Jiangcun with piccolo".