1. Chorus conductor
Qualifications that a chorus conductor should have Many people think that conducting is just "beating" the beat, and the chorus can sing by itself without a conductor.
In addition, since many music lovers who have never learned conducting have also conducted choruses in singing activities, it seems to give people the impression that directing choruses is not difficult and does not require special theory and practice. Technical learning. In fact, a chorus conductor is far more than just "beating" the beat. The quality of the conductor directly affects the level of the chorus. As a competent chorus conductor, he must go through a long period of specialized study and combine the learned theories with Technical knowledge can be reasonably applied to the practice of command, so as to play the role that command should have.
From preparing and studying music scores to designing movements and formulating rehearsal plans, conductors have a series of complex and meticulous tasks. 1. Understand music and grasp works. Understanding and grasping music is the most important part of conducting work.
There are many possibilities for musical performance. Different choirs often produce different effects when singing the same work, which is directly related to the conductor's understanding and grasp of the music.
To have the ability to understand music and grasp music works well, you need to master: 1. Basic music knowledge: basic music theory, harmony, polyphony, work analysis, music history, etc. Chorus conductors should work hard to learn and master Knowledge is also the key to help you open the "door" of music in the process of music understanding. 2. Music feeling and music experience Music is an art of hearing and sense.
No matter how high your musical accomplishment is, you cannot do without using your sense of music to grasp and understand works. In the process of understanding music, the role of musical sense is to intuitively "design and shape" the work through sight-singing and sight-reading of the music score, humming or playing this preliminary "design and shape" repeatedly, and carefully To feel it, you can often "correct" it into a musical idea that is very close to the actual musical effect.
It is also important to use musical experience to grasp the work. People who have more opportunities to practice music listen more and see more, which is very useful for choosing musical expression methods.
In addition, experience can also help the conductor foresee problems that will arise during rehearsals, so as to prevent them and find appropriate solutions, so as to improve the efficiency and smooth progress of rehearsals. Using musical sense and musical experience to understand music can often form a comprehensive grasp of the whole and part of music.
3. Other accomplishments Literature, philosophy, aesthetics and other sister arts such as drama, film and television, poetry, as well as the conductor’s own life experience will all affect the understanding of music. In order to develop a deep understanding of music and a musical style with personal characteristics, it is difficult to achieve without these accomplishments.
2. Musical Expression Any conductor must have the ability to express music. Under normal circumstances, a conductor should mainly use the movements of his hands to express his musical intentions during rehearsals.
It is inappropriate to use too much language to train chorus. The conductor should "speak" with his hands. To have this ability, you should master: 1. Basic knowledge and techniques of chorus. Basic knowledge of chorus includes: vocal sound production principles, enunciation principles and methods; the range and timbre characteristics of chorus parts; chorus training methods.
Basic choral skills refer to: the mastery of the vocal sounds and articulation skills, as well as the ability to imitate and demonstrate various timbres. 2. Basic knowledge and techniques of command Basic knowledge of command refers to the principles and theories of command methods.
Basic command techniques refer to the basic elements of command methods such as starting beat, hitting method, various beats, strength, speed, emotional expression and closing shot. As the central figure in chorus activities, the conductor conveys his artistic conception, connotation understanding, musical feeling and aesthetic requirements of the work to the chorus members through gesture language, improving the singing voice of the chorus to the best state, making the chorus more artistic expression It is the link between the composer, the chorus and the audience to communicate emotions and an important bridge for mutual understanding; it is the master and soul of the choral artistic performance.
A few points about choral conductors--------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- May 22, 2007 11 :04 Yang Dong tag: Through this period of chorus training, I found that there are big problems in conducting. I usually teach students some knowledge about commanding during class, but the application is still not flexible enough.
Now let’s summarize some of the experiences of chorus conductors: 1. The tasks and requirements of conductors: 1) Have full self-confidence and believe that you can conduct well and be irreplaceable. 2) You must have a certain ability to read music and be familiar with certain problems that may arise in the chorus and correct them.
3) Have good hearing, memory and strong sense of rhythm. 4) Have certain knowledge of music theory and be able to accurately understand, analyze and process works.
5) Have certain organizational and coordination skills, so as to call on everyone to obey the command at any time and mobilize the emotions of the singers.
2. The basic movements of command and the movements required to be commanded should be accurate, concise, beautiful, easy to understand, and expressive: 1) When standing, the upper body should be straight, the feet should be slightly apart naturally, forming a slightly T-shape, and the left foot can Step forward a little, and stand firm and beautiful. Avoid swinging your body greatly during the command.
2) Facial expressions should be rich, eyes should be expressive, good at using eyes and facial expressions to inspire the chorus, and express the content of the work in a coordinated manner. The ears should have a strong ability to distinguish the intonation, and be able to sing in a timely manner Correct the inaccurate pronunciation of singing. 3) When commanding, raise the arms to the chest. They should not be too high or too low. Generally, the range of movement should be at the level of the eyebrows and not lower than the waist. When waving the arms, they should be natural, powerful, and generous. ; Do not straighten your fingers, keep your palms naturally arched, avoid parallel upward or downward palms, and pay attention to the center of the movement being the wrist.
The movements of both hands must be symmetrical, and the shooting point and direction when commanding must be clear and not ambiguous. Generally speaking, the movements of both hands are the same but the swing directions are opposite. The right hand controls the speed and beat, and the left hand controls the expression, strength, etc. The movements should be flexible and expressive.
3. Some points to note: 1) The accuracy of movements should be the first principle of command, but it is opposed to monotonous and mechanical repetition of command movements, which lacks vitality and vitality. 2) Improvisation should be done with caution, must be based on solid movement practice, and avoid too much.
3) The conductor’s facial expression is.
2. Essentials and precautions for conducting chorus
About the essentials of chorus conducting
Chorus conducting is a professional direction of conducting that is different from band conducting. The tasks and research issues of a choral conductor include the basic theory of choral art, basic skills of choral performance, basic techniques of choral conductor, choral organization, choral sound, choral training methods, choral rehearsal methods, choral works, Expression of choral works, choral sound, organization and planning of choral activities, etc. People who engage in this work and focus on the research and practice of the above issues are called choral conductors.
As a chorus conductor, he is very strict in terms of his own requirements and technical essentials.
1. The tasks and requirements of command:
1) You must have full self-confidence and believe that you can conduct a good command and that it is irreplaceable.
2) You must have a certain ability to read music and be familiar with some problems that may arise in the chorus and correct them.
3) Have good hearing, memory and strong sense of rhythm.
4) Have certain knowledge of music theory and be able to accurately understand, analyze and process works.
5) Have certain organizational and coordination skills, so as to call on everyone to obey the command at any time and mobilize the emotions of the singers.
2. Basic movements and requirements of conducting
The movements of conducting should be accurate, concise, beautiful, easy to understand, and expressive:
1) Standing When doing this, the upper body should be straight, the feet should be slightly apart naturally, forming a T-shape, and the left foot can be slightly forward. The stand should be stable and beautiful, and the body should not be swayed greatly during the command.
2) Facial expressions should be rich, eyes should be expressive, good at using eyes and facial expressions to inspire the chorus, and express the content of the work in a coordinated manner. The ears should have a strong ability to distinguish the intonation, and be able to sing in a timely manner Correct the inaccurate pronunciation of singing.
3) When commanding, raise your arms to your chest. They should not be too high or too low. Generally, they should be within the range of movement where the top is at eyebrow level and the bottom is no lower than the waist. When waving your arms, , should be natural, powerful, stretched and generous; do not straighten your fingers, keep your palms naturally arched, avoid parallel upward or downward palms, pay attention to the center of the movement is the wrist. The movements of both hands must be symmetrical, and the shooting point and direction when commanding must be clear and not ambiguous. Generally speaking, the movements of both hands are the same but the swing directions are opposite. The right hand controls the speed and beat, and the left hand controls the expression, strength, etc. The movements should be flexible and expressive.
3. Simple techniques
1) Start. It is a two-beat type, with the starting beat on the second beat, the first beat as the preliminary beat, and the first measure as the weak attack measure. When the chorus starts, the first beat should be an empty beat (the cue beat, the chorus is not singing), that is, the hands should go from top to bottom to the lowest point, and the singing time should start when the lowest point rises, which is the second beat. Note that the hands rise clearly and forcefully to give a clear cue to the chorus.
2) During the progress of the song, the movements of the hands and arms should give appropriate prompts according to the strong, weak, fast, slow, legato, staccato, etc. of the beat. These prompts should be reflected in the movements of the hands and arms. Among the light, heavy, slow, rapid, soft, steady, decisive and the amplitude of the movements, if necessary, you can break the rules and use large movements to show the intense emotions of the song. Of course, all this must be based on the accurate rhythm of the movements. Note that throughout the progression of the music, the important principle of continuous movement from top to bottom for strong beats and from bottom to top for weak beats should always be adhered to.
3) End. The end of a piece of music often leaves a deep impression on people. It is necessary to conduct the end of the piece of music well so that the entire work can be fully expressed.
4. Some points to note
1) The accuracy of movements should be the first principle of command, but it is opposed to monotonous and mechanical repetition of command movements, which lacks vitality and vitality.
2) Improvisation should be done with caution, must be based on solid movement practice, and avoid too much.
3) The conductor’s facial expression is a powerful tool to mobilize the singer’s emotions and must be given great attention. However, the facial expression must reflect the emotion and power of the song itself. Dead and rigid facial expressions are A commander's worst enemy is a calm and relaxed facial expression, a commander's best friend.
4) The commander’s self-confidence is often the dominant factor in achieving a qualified command, but the results of blind confidence may be counterproductive, so the commander must practice hard in peacetime to gain technical self-confidence. with full support.
5) Knowing and accurately mastering the melody and rhythm of the music is the key to the success or failure of the conductor, and all of this is inseparable from sensitive hearing and insight into the depth of the music's ideas.
3. What are the techniques of chorus (suitable for junior high school students)
-------Chorus is the most natural sound, and the body is what creates this melodious movement. Musical instruments, and precisely because chorus training does not require too many physical facilities, it is much easier to establish a choir in general schools than to establish other musical clubs, but this does not mean that the establishment of a choir does not require too much effort. .
When singing, the body must combine the correct vocalization, breathing and vocal cord vibration to sing a beautiful voice, but also because the human body is alive, as the range rises and falls, each vocal organ All will produce some subtle and sensitive changes. Such abstract and small changes make chorus learning more difficult. Therefore, how to correctly use various parts of the body and how to coordinate the various vocal organs to cooperate with each other so that the dexterous voice can be expressed more vividly has become the most important topic for teaching choir members! The following will explain the two parts of chorus teaching and chorus techniques, hoping that this will allow everyone to have more knowledge and understanding of chorus.
1. How to select appropriate choir members Carefully selecting appropriate members is the first requirement for establishing a choir. Having appropriate members can make the practice process more effective with half the effort. At the beginning of selecting group members, teachers should first create a student profile, which should include basic background information such as the student's name, class, musical instrument learned, sight-reading ability, and whether they have participated in a music club, in order to increase the understanding of the student's musical proficiency and interest in music. These can be used as reference materials for selecting team members.
Next, of course, you need to carefully listen to each student’s innate timbre and related basic choral abilities, such as: hearing, pitch, rhythm, pronunciation, etc. At this time, you can choose a song with big jumps. clips to check whether the student has the ability to change voices naturally, or use some simple vocal exercises to listen to the student's timbre, pitch, and possible suitable parts in the future. Finally, when formally deciding on candidates, in addition to the above-mentioned considerations regarding the basic ability of chorus, attention should also be paid to the students' interest in chorus. Only interested students can experience the joy that chorus brings, and can be more engaged and perseverant in the process.
Generally speaking, the more members in a choir who are interested in singing, the better the practice atmosphere will be, and the easier it will be for the overall quality of the choir to improve and continue to improve. 2. Basic concepts of chorus training Before chorus training, it is necessary to establish several concepts about chorus. This will make the structure of the entire chorus training clearer and the teacher will know more clearly how to conduct training in an orderly manner and what needs to be included in the training process. What are the aspects of .
(1) Cognitive Intelligence: Contains background knowledge related to chorus, such as: basic vocal structure and techniques, breathing methods, vocal areas and voice characteristics, music appreciation... and other information, group members You must first have this relevant information before you can further improve your singing ability, that is, from knowing how to do it to exploring and experiencing it until you actually do it. (2) Imitation: When people learn many things, they need to learn through the process of imitation, especially for more abstract skills such as chorus. If good examples are not provided from time to time, group members may not be able to understand what is theoretically said. Methods and requirements; On the contrary, if the teacher can often provide good chorus demonstrations, the students will naturally imitate. This can reduce the time for the students to blindly explore and find the correct vocal method invisibly, producing a beautiful sound similar to the teacher's. sound.
(3) Imagine: As mentioned above, chorus is a technique that uses the body as an instrument to produce sounds. This is a quite abstract concept. In many cases, body movements are performed by What we achieve with our imagination is even more so when we speak. For example, when practicing skipping, it is necessary to emphasize inflating the stomach, maintaining it, and bouncing instantaneously with the rhythm. At this time, the group members can imagine that they are digging ice cream into a bucket filled with ice cream. The inflated stomach is like a bucket filled with ice cream. The gas rules It is ice cream (at this time, you can emphasize to the students that there must be ice cream in the bucket before you can dig out ice cream, that is, your stomach must be full of air), and digging up will give you an instant bouncing feeling. This description can It makes it easier for students to understand what the teacher requires, and it is also easier for students to try and remind themselves to do it.
3. Chorus practice process: There are usually certain procedures for chorus practice. The general time arrangement is as follows: (1) Warm-up activities: Chorus uses the body to make sounds, so it is like all musical instruments. Just like everyone needs to warm up, before singing, the body must also be in optimal condition in order to produce a more pleasant sound. Usually we will use some small techniques to warm up the team members and get them into the situation: 1. Use simple limb soft activities or small games: such as turning heads, circling shoulders, shaking hands, turning wrists, twisting waists, etc. If the venue and time If allowed, group members can also try more strenuous and large-action activities such as the playground or rope skipping.
Mini-games allow group members to simply sing along or play animal imitation games. 2. Breathing exercises: Separate some teaching methods or movements for breathing training as warm-up activities. This will not only warm the body, but also make the breathing method of the group members more correct and more accustomed.
(2) Vocal practice: Vocal practice is a method for group members to become proficient in singing first. Proper vocalization can save time and effort when practicing the music. The focus of vocal exercises is to prepare concentration, prepare the voice, listen to one's own and other people's voices, train students to adjust their voices and bodies (muscles, postures...) to establish appropriate breathing habits, achieve uniform pronunciation of vowels, and understand Develop the pitch of melody and harmony, and develop vocal techniques to meet the needs of choral music.
.etc.
1. General vocal exercises 2. Pitch skipping practice The training of skipping singing can exercise the effect of pushing Qi in the Dantian. First of all, you must first learn to relax your diaphragm when inhaling, when the abdominal muscles are most easily relaxed, and then practice pushing and making sounds in an instant. In this way, you can gradually grasp the essentials of "relaxing and pushing" sound by sound.
3. Three-part vocal production (3) Pitch training: Having a good sense of pitch can help members sing the pitch more accurately and prevent them from going out of tune. When conducting tone sense training, the teacher can play different songs to let all the group members distinguish; or during the three-part vocal practice, only play the sounds of a certain part so that the group members can practice finding the notes to promote the development of the sense of tone. strengthen.
(4) Song teaching: Before entering song teaching, you should pay attention to whether students have correctly mastered the vocal skills. When teaching songs, you should pay attention to "step by step". The following steps can be used for divided exercises.
4. What are the types of chorus?
Chorus refers to the artistic category of collective singing of multi-part vocal works, with or without accompaniment.
It requires a high degree of unity and coordination of the singing group's sound, and is one of the most popular forms of music performance with the widest participation. As an expression tool of choral art, the human voice has its unique advantages. It can express the thoughts and emotions in musical works most directly and stimulate the audience's emotional screams.
There are mixed chorus, a cappella chorus, female chorus, male chorus, and children's chorus. Choral art is the highest expression of vocal art and is best at expressing people's complex and delicate thoughts and feelings. It can be divided into simultaneous voices Chorus, mixed chorus and a cappella. Groups with certain professional qualities generally choose polyphonic chorus. Thank you.
5. Urgent question, chorus skills
Singing relies on airflow, not shouting.
There are vocal parts, but if you learn to practice your voice and stretch your voice, you won’t be able to sing the normal high-pitched parts at all. . .
We can add dance to the chorus. 80% of our class’s chorus relies on dance and costumes
Let’s talk about the costumes. The costumes should be close to the theme..
I think in your class, you can’t keep up with your voice training, so you should rely on stretching your voice to practice more dance, which will make you better. .
Does it sound good? As long as there is no broken sound, you can sing the loud part. If it doesn’t work, just change the music and cut it out
You can also find something that is relatively easy to sing
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6. Knowledge about vocal music ·
Vocal music is a form of music mainly performed by the human voice. Most vocal music works are short in genre and easy for ordinary people to accept. Therefore, the works created for vocal music in history are vast and countless. From the perspective of singing form, vocal music works fall into the following categories:
1. Chorus. There are mixed chorus, a cappella chorus, female chorus, male chorus, and children's chorus.
2. Sing in unison. Common ones include male singing in unison and female singing in unison.
3. Duet. There are male quartets, female duets, male and female duets, etc.
4. Solo. There are male solos, female solos, children's solos, etc.
From the perspective of singing style, vocal music works can be divided into:
1. Bel Canto: This is a scientific singing method based on Italian folk singing, with a loud and bright tone. , thorough, suitable for expressing serious, dramatic and important content. For a long time, bel canto has been used in singing art songs, operas, oratorios, etc.
2. National singing methods: singing methods based on the traditional folk singing methods of the nation, such as the singing methods of various Chinese operas, various singing methods of rap music, and folk singing methods. , the singing method of Indian folk songs, the singing method of Japanese folk songs, etc., have already formed their own unique theories and rules in pronunciation, accent, pronunciation, etc.
3. Popular singing style: basically a style of singing with one’s own voice. It can have many styles: lyrical, folk song style, country music style, campus style, rock style, etc. , in recent years, the three singing methods have gradually moved closer. Pavarotti often held concerts with popular singers; the singing methods of various ethnic groups have absorbed some bel canto and even popular singing methods; because popular singers do not have a unified singing method, and its popularity is short, The variety of song styles makes it necessary to learn from bel canto and national singing methods.
For vocal accompaniment, you can use piano, accordion, small band or even orchestra. The choice of different accompaniments is related to the nature of the music. For example, a vocal concerto should use an orchestra as much as possible, as a small orchestra cannot carry such a large weight; a female chorus has a light and emotional nature, so using an orchestra is like Cannons are not suitable for fighting mosquitoes, but accordions or pianos are very suitable. Of course, the accompaniment to be used must be arranged according to the existing conditions. When appreciating vocal music works, you should pay attention to appreciate it from two aspects: first, appreciate the beauty of the song, the ups and downs of its melody, the grace of the lines, the sonorous or slow rhythm, whether the accompaniment is appropriate, etc.; second, the singer In terms of performance, whether the essence of the work is accurately grasped, whether the pitch, rhythm, expression and other factors are properly controlled, especially whether the timbre of the voice is beautiful, loud or lyrical.