day of mourning
Author: Du Mu
Original text:
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village.
Precautions:
1. Soul-breaking: describes a sad mood.
2. Sorry: Sorry.
3. pointing: pointing to the distance.
Poetic:
On this day, it was raining in Mao Mao, Tomb-Sweeping Day, and people traveling on the road were as confused and desolate as those who lost their souls. Asked the shepherd boy where there was a restaurant, he pointed to Xinghua Village in the distance.
Appreciate:
This is naturally a description of the artistic conception of spring rain; But it's more than that. It also has a special function, that is, it actually describes the mood of travelers in the rain.
Look at the following sentence: pedestrians on the road want to die. Pedestrians are people who travel outside. So what is a broken soul? In poetry, soul mainly refers to spiritual and emotional things. Soul-breaking is trying to describe the hidden feelings in my heart, which are very strong, but I don't understand them. In ancient customs, Tomb-Sweeping Day is a big festival with rich colors and emotional appeal. It was supposed to be a family gathering, or a play, or a grave. Nowadays, pedestrians walk alone, feeling sad and complicated. It happened that I caught up with the rain in Mao Mao again, and my spring shirt was all wet, adding a layer of sadness. Therefore, the poet used the word broken soul; Otherwise a little rain is worth killing. Isn't that reasonable? In this way, we can come back to this word one by one. People who used to travel on holidays already have a lot on their minds. In addition, they are scattered in the wind and rain, walking in the rain, making their mood more miserable. So they describe the spring rain in succession, but they can also describe emotions, and even describe the spring rain, that is, describe emotions. This is a unique skill in China's classical poetry, and it is also a kind of scenery, in which emotion is in the scene, and the scene is emotion.
The first two sentences explain the scene, and then write an idea that pedestrians think at this moment: where to find a small hotel. The matter is clear: find a small hotel, take a break from the rain, and then drink three cups to relieve the cold of people who are chilly in spring, warm clothes wet by the rain, and most importantly, relax their worries. So, ask someone for directions.
Who did you ask for directions? The poet didn't tell us in the third sentence, but the mystery lies in the fourth sentence: the shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village. Grammatically speaking, the shepherd boy is the subject of this sentence, but it is also the object of the previous sentence, which complements the two sides of the previous question and answer. Did the shepherd boy answer? We don't know, but actions are more vivid and powerful than answers. We watched the play Little Cowherd. When someone asked the shepherd boy for directions, he pointed with his hand and said, Please follow my hand! Even the answer with action, that is, the music with pictures, both allow the viewer to enjoy the beauty at the same time; Now the poet's technique is simpler and more superb: he only gives the picture to the reader, but omits the music. No, it is better to say that it contains music. While enjoying the beautiful picture of the road, readers vaguely heard the music of the answer.
Yao, literally means far. However, this meaning cannot be observed here. This finger has made us feel as if we have seen a faint red apricot ending, and clearly picked out a wine curtain. If it is really far away, it is difficult to have an artistic connection. If it is really in front of you, you will lose endless interest: beauty is not far away. In the Grand View Garden in A Dream of Red Mansions, there is a poem titled Apricot Curtain in Sight by Jingzi, and the sight in sight comes from this experience, which is just a footnote for Du Lang's sentence. Xinghua village is not necessarily the real village name, nor does it necessarily refer to the hotel. It is enough to point to this beautiful village in the depths of apricot blossoms. It goes without saying that there is a small hotel waiting to receive guests walking in the rain.
The poem came to an abrupt end as soon as it reached Xinghua Village, and it didn't cost a word. The rest, how happy pedestrians are when they hear the news, how to take a step forward, how to find a hotel with excitement, and how to get the satisfaction and pleasure of sheltering from rain and sorrow with relief can be ignored by the poet. He left all this to the reader's imagination, which opened up a much broader imagination space for the reader than the Chinese words in the poem showed. This is the inexhaustible nature of art.
This little poem, without any difficult words and allusions, is written in very popular language and has no trace of management. The syllables are very harmonious and complete, the scene is very fresh and vivid, and the realm is beautiful and interesting. Poetry is also natural in style and written in order. The first sentence explains the scene, environment and atmosphere. The second sentence is "Cheng", which shows the sadness of the characters. The third sentence is a turning point, but it also puts forward how to get rid of this mentality; This directly forced out the fourth sentence and became the highlight of the whole article. In art, this is a technique from low to high, gradually rising, and the climax is at the end. The so-called climax is not an unobstructed view, but an intriguing aftertaste. These are the highlights of the poet and are worth learning and inheriting!
Bo Qinhuai's whole poems
Bo Qinhuai's whole poems
Bo Qinhuai
Author: Du Mu
Original text:
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
Precautions:
1, Qinhuai River: Qinhuai River originates in the mountainous area between damao mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu Province and Lushan in Lishui East, and flows into the Yangtze River through Nanjing. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River. All previous dynasties were bustling places for sightseeing and enjoyment.
2, smoke: smoke.
3. stop: stop.
4. Businessman: A singer who lives by singing.
5. backyard flower: the abbreviation of the song "yushu backyard flower". Chen (), the emperor of the Southern Dynasties, wrote this song for pleasure with the beautiful women in the harem, which eventually led to national subjugation, so later generations took this song as the representative of the voice of national subjugation.
Poetic:
Blurred moonlight and light smoke enveloped the cold sea and white beach, and the boat was moored at Qinhuai restaurant on the shore at night. The singer doesn't know what the revenge of national subjugation is, but he is still singing "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu" across the river.
Appreciate:
"Bo Qinhuai" is one of Du Mu's representative works, which is contained in 523 volumes of "All Tang Poems". The following is the appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhao, a professor at the College of Literature of Anhui Normal University.
Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the strait, which was the place where rich and bureaucratic literati feasted at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.
Some people say that writing a poem is extremely rare (Yan Yu's Pale Shi Lang Dialect). The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and those two words stand out. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously blended by people in two cages, drawing an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The moon and water in the first sentence are related to the night parking near Qinhuai in the second sentence, so it is natural to read the first sentence before watching the night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. But as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you have to stop at Qinhuai at night to see the scenery of cold water moon sand in the smoke cage. However, if you really look at it upside down, you will find that the tablet is tasteless. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like a smoke cage with cold water and moon sand in it), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is the night parking by Qinhuai). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
Sleeping near Qinhuai restaurant at night seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because I live in Qinhuai at night, I am close to the restaurant. But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words open the way for the following words. Because it is close to the restaurant, merchants and girls, national subjugation and backyard flowers are brought out, which touches the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the museum" is like opening a sluice, and the river gurgles out and spews out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the merchant girl in the poem doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but it is just a kind of musical pen. What they really don't understand and hate is the admirers in that building, feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs, which can't help but make poets worry that history will repeat itself. The word "crossing the river" comes from the story of national subjugation and hatred for the rich. Refers to the Sui Bing Chen Shijiang in Jiangbei, the Southern Dynasties small court across the river is in danger, and Chen Houzhu is still indulging in debauchery. It is meaningful to sing the word "Jude", which skillfully and naturally links history, reality and imagined future. The businesswoman doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but still sings "backyard flowers" across the river. In the graceful and brisk style, they show bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion, which is called a swan song. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.
Moisten things quietly and write a poem.
Moisten things quietly and write a poem.
Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night.
Author: Du Fu
Original text:
Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.
Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.
Precautions:
1, know: know, know. Saying that rain knows the season is a personification.
2. Yes: Yes. Occurrence: germination and growth.
3. Qin: secretly, quietly. Here, the spring rain comes quietly with the wind at night.
4. Moisturize: nourish plants with rain.
5. Wilderness path: a path between fields.
6. These two sentences mean that the sky is covered with dark clouds, and you can't even see the river, the river and the boats on it, only the lights on the boats on the river, suggesting that the rain is strong.
7. Xiao: It's just dawn. Red wet place: flowers wet by rain.
8. Flower weight (zhng): The flower weight is because it is full of rain. Jinguancheng: Located in the south of Chengdu today, it is also called Jincheng. Officials in charge of brocade in the Shu and Han Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms were stationed here, hence the name. Later generations took it as another name for Chengdu. This sentence means the beauty of dew and flowers.
Poetic:
The timely rain seems to know the season. Spring has come, it comes quietly at night with the spring breeze, silently moistening everything. The sky in the field path is dark, and only a little fishing fire on the fishing boat by the river emits a ray of light, which is particularly bright. When you come in the morning, the wet soil must be covered with red petals, and the streets and alleys of Jinguancheng must be a colorful scene.
Appreciate:
This is a masterpiece depicting the rainy scene on a spring night and showing a happy mood. Praise the rain with a good word from the beginning. In life, kindness is often used to praise people who do good deeds. Nowadays, making good use of the rain of praise will arouse the association of those who do good. Next, personify the rain, saying that it knows the seasons and how to meet the objective needs. The words used in it are vivid, which brings the rain to life. Spring is the season when everything germinates and grows. As long as it rains, it begins to rain. It's really good.
The occurrence of moderate rain further shows the beauty of rain, in which the words latent, moist and fine vividly describe the characteristics of good rain. Rain is good because it is timely and moistens everything. Spring rain usually moistens everything with breeze and drizzle. However, there are exceptions. Sometimes, it will be accompanied by cold air, from rain to snow. Sometimes, it will be accompanied by strong winds and heavy rains. Although the rain at this time is in spring, it is not a typical spring rain. It only destroys things, not nourishes them. Naturally, it will not make people happy, nor will it be popular. Therefore, just knowing the season of the first couplet is not enough to fully show the good rain. It was not until the second couplet wrote a typical spring rain-accompanied by gentle rain-that the good words were implemented. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. This is still anthropomorphic. The combination of sneaking into the night and silence not only shows that rain is a drizzle accompanied by a breeze, but also shows that rain is intended to moisten things and has no intention of pleasing them. If it's to please, come during the day and make a little noise so that people can see and hear clearly. Just because it deliberately moistens things and has no intention of pleasing them, it chose a time that does not hinder people's work and labor, and quietly and carefully went underground at the night when people were sleeping.
It's raining so well, I hope it will rain harder and harder, and stay up all night next week. If it only lasts for a period of time, it will clear up and the moisture will not be thorough. The poet grasped this and wrote a necklace. On a less gloomy night, the path is easier to see than the field, and the river is easier to distinguish than the shore. Nowadays, when you look around, the wild trails are dark and the rivers are bright. Only the lights on the boat are on. Besides, you can't even see the river, and you can't tell the path clearly. The sky is covered with dark clouds and the ground is as black as clouds. It looks as if it will rain until dawn. These two sentences describe the beautiful scene on a rainy night. Black and light set each other off into interest, which not only points out thick clouds and rain feet, but also gives people a strong sense of beauty.
The tail couplet is a virtual scene, and the charming scene of Jinguan City in the early morning after the rain is written closely by the happy word in the title. After such a fine rain all night, everything will flourish. One of the flowers of all things, the flower that best represents spring scenery, is about to drop with the rain. The poet said: wait until tomorrow morning to have a look. The whole Jinguan City (Chengdu) is full of peanut trees, red and wet, red and heavy, which merge into a sea of flowers. The use of words such as red, wet and heavy flowers fully shows the delicacy of this poem.
Pu Qilong said: It is easy to write about rain and cut the night, but difficult to cut the spring. The poem "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" not only cuts the night and cuts the spring, but also writes the noble character of a typical spring rain, that is, a good rain, which shows the noble personality of all the good people of the poet.
The poet looks forward to such good rain and loves our good rain. Therefore, although the word "happiness" in the title did not appear in the poem, both happiness and meaning emerged from the cracks (Reading Du Xin Jie by Pu Qilong). When it began to rain, the poet was looking forward to the spring rain and cheered happily as soon as he came up. The second couplet was written by the poet. The poet listened attentively, and heard that the rain on the spring night was falling continuously and densely, just to moisten everything. Dont Ask For Help knew that he was naturally too happy to sleep. I went out to watch the rain, because it was silent and inaudible, and I was afraid it would stop. The third section is about what the poet saw. Seeing the strong rain, I can't help but imagine the beautiful scenery of the city in spring after dawn. Its infinite joy is very vivid. Li Yue, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Watching the Rain": Mulberry leaves are leafless, native to smoke, and flute pipes greet Longshui Temple. Watching songs and dances in Zhumen, I am afraid that the spring sounds will swallow the strings. Compared with those who watch songs and dances in Zhumen, Du Fu's quiet joy in the spring rain is naturally a noble feeling.
The whole poem "Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgerow"
The whole poem "Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgerow"
drink
Author: Tao Yuanming
Original text:
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
This makes sense. I forgot to say it if I wanted to defend myself.
Precautions:
1. Building a house is in the human environment: building a house. Knot, build, build Lu, an ordinary house. Habitat: A place where people live together.
2, ask you two words: set it as a question and answer, which means that the mind is far away from the world, although it is like living in a remote place. Jun: Tao Yuanming claimed to be.
3. Er: So, so.
4, mountain gas: two sentences: it means that the mountains are beautiful at dusk, accompanied by birds. Good evening. Good evening. Phase, intersection and companionship.
This sentence means that it contains the true meaning of life. I want to identify it, but I forget how to express it in words.
6. See: It is generally pronounced as Xin, but sometimes it is pronounced as Jin. At present, the academic circles are still inconclusive, but most scholars think that Xin is better, as if Nanshan appeared in front of him. See cattle and sheep at the wind and grass)
7, leisurely: the appearance of self-satisfaction. Nanshan: refers to Lushan Mountain. Seeing the mountains and scenery, knowing each other because of picking chrysanthemums, is the most beautiful thing.
8. at night: at night
9. phase: accompanying
10, I have forgotten what I want to say: I want to agree but I don't know how to express it. Distinguish, distinguish
1 1, no traffic noise: no traffic noise. Refers to no secular communication.
12, the heart is far: the heart is far beyond the secular.
13, Jia: beautiful.
14, mountain wind: refers to mountain scenery.
15, true meaning: refers to the true meaning of life.
16, Pronunciation: Nouns as verbs are expressed in words.
Poetic:
My home is built on the road where people come and go, and everyone lives together without disturbing the noise of God's entertainment. Ask me how I can be so extraordinary, free and easy, and my mind is naturally quiet and far away from the world. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence made me linger, and I accidentally saw the wonders of Nanshan. In the twilight, colorful fog fills the air, and flocks of birds return to the embrace of distant mountains. Nanshan Yangzhi, there is the true meaning of life here, needless to say.
Appreciate:
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan, this is a famous sentence that has been circulated for thousands of years. Because of the mental state of self-prejudice, I will leisurely pick chrysanthemums and look up at the mountains. It is so complacent, so different! These two sentences set off the poet's leisurely mood with the description of objective scenery. Carefree is a beautiful word, which means that what the poet sees and feels is not intended to seek, but to meet unexpectedly. Su Dongpo was full of praise for these two words: the second time I picked chrysanthemums, I happened to see the mountain. I didn't intend to do it at first, but I was happy with the situation at that time. It is also wonderful to see the words, but it is accidental. The beautiful scenery of Nanshan is only set off by the carefree mood when picking chrysanthemums, and the synthesis I forgot is a place without me. If you use the word "watching", it means that you have Nanshan in mind before you intend to see it. When you are in front of me, you lose your naive interest in forgetting your machine. What is the beauty of Nanshan, which makes poets admire it so much? Next, the weather is getting better and better, and the birds are coming back, which is also the scenery that the poet inadvertently saw. In the beautiful evening scenery of Nanshan, birds fly back to the mountain together, and everything is free and adaptive, just like a poet who got rid of the shackles of officialdom and was carefree, and the poet realized the true meaning of nature and life here. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say. What did the poet realize from the birds of nature, Nanshan, sunset and autumn chrysanthemum? Is it a natural law that everything moves in its place? Is it a yearning for an ideal society of simple self-sufficiency in ancient times? Is letting nature take its course a philosophy of life? Is it a straightforward and sincere character? The poet did not express clearly, but implicitly asked questions for readers to think about, while he wanted to distinguish himself and forget the words. If we combine the existence of build house in a humanistic environment without chariots and horses, we can realize the true meaning of life, that is, life should not be squandered on fame and wealth, and should not be defiled by the filth of officialdom, but should return to nature and appreciate its infinite freshness and vitality! Of course, the connotation of this true meaning is so great that the author has not said it all, and there is no need to say it. These two philosophical summaries give readers endless imagination and are memorable.