Original text
Lv Yan
There are straw beds across the field for six or seven miles, and the flute makes three or four sounds in the evening breeze.
After returning home and having a good meal, after dusk, I lie down under the moonlight without taking off my coir raincoat.
Notes
(1) Shop: spread out, spread out
(2) Hengye: wide wilderness
(3) Lane :tease.
(4) Coir raincoat: a brown or straw coat, used to keep out wind and rain.
(5) Lying on the Moon: Lie down and watch the bright moon.
Translation
The green grass and vast wilderness stretch as far as the eye can see. The sound of the flute came intermittently in the evening wind, melodious and sweet, as if playing with the evening wind. The shepherd boy returns from grazing herds at dusk after a full meal. He didn't even take off his raincoat, so he lay happily on the grass on a moonlit night and rested.
Central Idea
"Shepherd Boy" depicts a vivid picture of a shepherd boy returning home to rest at night, showing the tranquility and leisure of a shepherd boy's life, and showing the child's carefree innocence. The nature of the novel expresses the author's inner yearning for a peaceful and comfortable life away from the hustle and bustle.
Writing reference
The grassland, flute sound, moonlit night and shepherd boy described in the poem "Shepherd Boy" are like a tranquil ink painting, showing us a vivid picture of the shepherd boy at night Returning to the resting picture, the words "Pu" and "Nong" at the beginning of the poem give us visual and auditory feelings. The depiction of the free and carefree image of the shepherd boy vividly expresses the leisure and comfort. The poet in the fresh and refreshing The brush strokes show our yearning for a peaceful and contented life away from the hustle and bustle.
Appreciation
The poem "Shepherd Boy" shows us a vivid picture of a shepherd boy returning home late to rest. We saw the tranquility and leisure of the shepherd boy's life. Through the poem, we also see the author's inner yearning for a peaceful life away from the hustle and bustle: a vast wilderness with green grass; the evening wind blows the weeds, and the shepherd boy who has not yet seen the return is heard first. The wind carries the melodious sound of the shepherd boy's flute, which is getting closer and closer. The sound of the flute is intermittent and flutters in the wind. When the shepherd boy came back and had a full meal, it was already after dusk. He didn't even take off his raincoat, so he lay down in the open air on a moonlit night to rest. It shows the carefree and innocent nature of children. There are scenes, feelings, characters, and voices in the poem. This vivid scene appears in our field of vision from far to near.
The word "Pu" expresses the lushness of grass and the gentle and comfortable feeling that grassland gives people.
The word "Nong" also expresses a kind of interest, conveying the intermittent melodious and elegant sound of the flute in the wind and the meaning of the shepherd boy playing the flute.
Here, six or seven miles and three or four tones are virtual references. They are written this way to highlight the evening silence of the vast countryside in the wilderness.
Introduction to the author
Lv Yan
[Tang Dynasty] A rock guest. The courtesy name is Dongbin, a native of Yongle (Yiyun Puban) in Hezhong. (The scholar of the Tang Dynasty is said to have been born in Jingzhao. This is the beginning of all Tang poems.) The year of birth and death is unknown, and he was alive around the time of Emperor Qianfu of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty. No. 1 of Xiantong Junior High School, two county magistrates. During the chaos in Huangchao, he returned to Zhongnan with his family and wandered around the rivers and lakes. According to legend, he later met the immortal Zhong Liquan in a wine shop in Chang'an, and he became enlightened, but he did not know where he ended up. This is the popular story of "Huang Liang Meng", which has been used as the theme of novels and operas by many novelists and dramatists. Yan's poems have been widely circulated, and the entire Tang poetry has been compiled into four volumes, which are widely circulated in the world.
Lü Yan (Yizuoyan) was a famous Taoist priest in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. No. Chunyangzi. One said the name was Dongbin, the other said the word Dongbin. His place of residence and dates of birth and death are unknown. Earlier records from the Song Dynasty called him "Guanzhong Yiren" or "Guanyouren". After the Yuan Dynasty, it was more consistent that he was from Yongle Town, Puban County, Hezhong Prefecture (now Ruicheng, Shanxi), or Shizhuan. He is one of the "Eight Immortals" of Dongping (governed in present-day Dongping, Shandong). During the Xiantong period, he was promoted to Jinshi and served as county magistrate twice. During the Huang Chao uprising, he took his family to Mount Zhongnan to learn Taoism. According to legend, he later met the immortal Han Zhongli in a wine shop in Chang'an and gained Taoism, but his fate was unknown.
He was born around the end of the Tang Dynasty and died at the beginning of the Song Dynasty. He was a contemporary of Chen Tuan. As for later generations who pushed his living era back to the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty (713-741), it was based on the Taoist Lu Weng's story recorded in the "Pillow in the Pillow" written by Shen Jiji of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are many different legends. More credible is the record in "National History": Lu Dongbin, a Confucian scholar, switched to Taoism due to his unfavorable academic performance. He met Zhongli, a hermit of the Five Dynasties, and was granted the authority to teach Neidan Taoism. He lived in seclusion in Zhongnan Mountain and was active in Guanzhong. "He is more than a hundred years old, but his appearance is like a baby. It is said that he has swordsmanship, and he came to Chen Tuan's room at that time." He interacted with legendary figures such as Chen Tuan and Li Qi (also known as "Li Qi"). Hao expressed the essence of inner alchemy in poetry and contributed to the formation of Zhonglu's golden alchemy. There was a disciple named Shi Jianwu (Hua Yangzi) in the Northern Song Dynasty who passed on his teachings.
Lü Dongbin took Neidan as the path to cultivating immortality, and also studied Zen Buddhism. He claimed that "I studied Confucianism at a young age, and grew up good at Xingzong. ". It is pointed out: "Those who practice alchemy must first correct their furnace." As a furnace of alchemy, spirit energy and semen are the medicine, and the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose are the eight doors of the furnace. "Always stick to it" and do not damage the inner essence, "and then The furnace of heaven and earth, the cauldron of creation, blends medicines, matches yin and yang, and refines divine energy.” It is believed that "those who follow the way of heaven and always keep the pure and pure Qi of Yuan Yang in their body will achieve immortality" and said "it only depends on transforming and refining the five elements".
It advocates that one day should be regarded as a year, and the day should be regarded as spring and summer, and the night should be regarded as autumn and winter. "Yin and Yang rise and fall, running in the four seasons", and practice begins at the end of day and night. He also believes that "the source of life is one breath. When it comes, there is one husband and one woman; when it goes, there are three men and three women. The golden man picks yellow buds on the platform of the ninth palace, and the jade girl collects the white snow on the twelfth floor. The water Fire is created to divide the Eight Diagrams; Yin is refined to distinguish the Nine States. Then the three fields are reunited, and the fire dragon comes out of Hunyu. After a thousand days, it swims in Pengdao. There are eight ways to build a small success. , The six ways to achieve success, the five ways to great success." It is proposed that cultivation should start by eliminating the six desires and seven emotions, purging the accumulated energy in the heart and concentrating the spirit. The method of performing the method behind the elbow is to carry the medicine up the back through the tail to enter the brain. You should think of the dragon, tiger and river chariot to make it rise. However, you should prevent the deficient yang of the kidney from entering the top and causing upper congestion and heat, so it is necessary to The three men, Zhen, Kan, and Gen, and the three women, Xun, Li, and Dui, "pitch and open up, ascend and deposit each section, don't be in a hurry to pass the pass." Continuing to fly the golden crystal, "hit three levels in one hit" and go straight into the upper palace. After refining for a long time, if you think too much, spit out jade liquid to refine its shape. There are also methods such as gold liquid returning elixir and refining the form. His poems, such as "The world is hidden in a grain of millet, mountains and rivers are cooked in a two-liter pan", "People don't recognize the turtle who drinks it, and the ghost who burns the mountain talisman is ugly", etc., are strange and strange, and are particularly popular. After the Northern Song Dynasty, some people in the past dynasties used the name of Lu Dongbin (also known as "Hui Taoist", "Hui Ke", "Hui Mountain Man", etc.) to perform various strange things, so deified deeds occurred one after another. Folk belief in Lu Dongbin is very popular. A Taoist scholar in the Song Dynasty once compiled "Ji Xian Zhuan" and said that among the Taoists of the Tang and Five Dynasties, "only Chunyangzi Lu Gong was the most powerful". The "autobiography" named after Lu Dongbin claimed that he met Zhongli and Kuzhu Zhenren and obtained the golden elixir and the method of exorcising ghosts. "When I was fifty years old, I visited Guo Shangzao for the first time and Zhao Xiangu for the second time." "I often traveled to Zhejiang, Bianjing, and Qiaojun. I tasted the white rhizome belt, and there was a mole under my right eye, like a messenger in the world. Da. The world said that I was selling ink, and I killed people with flying swords. I heard that there are actually three swords: one to cut off worries, the other to cut off greed and anger, and the third to cut off lust. This is my sword, and there is no one like it. "Preaching my teachings is not as good as teaching my conduct. If you do the opposite, you will never achieve enlightenment even if you shake hands." Miao Shanshi, a Taoist priest of the Yuan Dynasty, compiled the seven-volume "Miaotong Ji of the Divine Transformation of the Chunyang Emperor", which collected 108 transformation stories. Therefore, Lu Dongbin was also worshiped by the emperor. In the first year of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty (1119), he was conferred the title of "Miao Tong Zhenren". In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (1269), Emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty presented him with "Chun Yang Yan Zheng Jing Hua Zhenjun", and in the third year of Da Da (1310) ) was named "Chun Yang acts as a police officer and transforms into an emperor of Fu You".
According to legend, Lu Dongbin passed down the twelve subjects of "Ling Bao Bi Fa" taught by Zhong Liquan, which is the canon of Zhong Lu's Golden Alchemy. Self-authored one volume of "Jiuzhen Jade Book" (recorded in "Song History·Yiwenzhi", that is, Volume 26 of "Daoshu", Chapter 1), and one volume of "Juhou Hou Sancheng Chapter" (recorded in "Zhizhai Shulu Jieti" , that is, Chapter 1 of Volume 25 of "Daoshu". "Zhizhailu" also contains a volume of "Chunyang Zhenren Jindan Jue", which is called this chapter, with slight differences). His thoughts on alchemy can still be found in chapters such as "Five Precepts", "Zhongmiao" and "Zhixuan" in "Daoshu"; his poems include "Jindan Shijue" compiled by Xia Yuanding of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is consistent with what Yang Yi said: "It has been passed down by hundreds of people in the world. "Yu Pian" is consistent with "Yang Yi", some of which are quoted by Yang Yi, and there are few works on which they are based; there are several annotated versions of "Qinyuan Chundan Ci" in its single version. "Chunyang Zhenren Hunchengji" collected in "Zhengtong Taoist Canon" was compiled by He Zhiyuan, a Taoist priest of the Yuan Dynasty, and is a mixture of authenticity and forgery. "Lu Zuzhi Yiwenzhi" also added "Knocking Yao Song", ten miscellaneous songs, etc., which is even more unbelievable. Although "Lü Gong Kiln Head Blank Song" is recorded in "Zhi Zhai Shu Lu Jie Ti", there are actually "Fu Zheng Gong" (Fu Bi), "Zhang Shangshu" (Zhang Shangying), "Zhao Privy" (Zhao Ding) ) and other names are obviously forged by people from the Southern Song Dynasty. "Tao Zang Ji Yao" contains works signed by Lu, most of which were relied upon by later generations or written by Fu Ji. Most of "The Complete Book of Lu Zu" is also a forgery. Original text
Riding a bull far past Qian Village,
I heard the piccolo blowing across the long distance.
There are so many famous and wealthy people in Chang'an,
It is not as good as you if you run out of agencies.
Translation
The shepherd boy rode a cow far past the mountain village.
He played the piccolo horizontally, and I could hear it across the field.
Hey, there are so many people who come to Chang'an to seek fame and fortune,
even if they are not as good as you (the shepherd boy), even if they are in power!
Brief Analysis
The author praises the shepherd boy's leisurely and comfortable life without pursuing fame and fortune. He believes that people should live leisurely and leisurely and should not be driven by fame and fortune.
About the author
Huang Tingjian (1045-1105), whose courtesy name was Lu Zhi, was known as Shangu Taoist, later as Fu Weng, also known as Mr. Huang of Yuzhang, Han nationality, Hongzhou Fenning ( Today's Xiushui, Jiangxi Province). He was a poet, lyricist, and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was the founder of the Jiangxi Poetry School, which was very popular at that time. In the fourth year of Emperor Yingzong's reign (1067), he became a Jinshi. He has served as Ye County Lieutenant, Professor of the Imperial Academy of Beijing, School Secretary, Zuo Lang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Qianzhou Resettlement, etc.
Lu Yan is also called Lu Dongbin. A famous Taoist priest in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. His name is Chunyangzi, and he calls himself a Taoist. Known as Lu Zu or Chunyang Patriarch in the world, he is one of the Eight Immortals in folk mythology.
The cattle can ride freely, and the spring breeze and drizzle fly. In the green mountains and green grass, there is a flute and a coir raincoat.
Go and sing at sunrise, and return home with the bright moonlight stroking your palms. Who can be like you? It is neither right nor wrong.
"Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty·Volume 848_59"
Poetry
Bathed in the spring breeze, bathed in the spring rain, the ox rides freely, the mountains let me go, the flute is free Blow; how natural and natural, how pleasant and transcendent!
About the author
Qi Chan
[Tang Dynasty] (lived around 896 AD), his common surname, residence, and year of birth and death are unknown. Around the time of Qian Ningzhong, Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty, he was alive. Live in Pingfeng Rock. He is a poet friend with Shen Bin. There are twelve poems written by Qi Chan.
(See "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty")