The ancient Indians left a wealth of documents for future generations in terms of poetry, epics, religions, etc. The earliest documents are compilations of religious poems and hymns called the Vedas. No one knows when these poems were written. The earliest parts were probably published as early as 3000 BC, but they were only passed down orally and had no written records. They were not compiled until several centuries later. "Veda" reflects the culture of the primitive Aryans in the upper reaches of the Indus River and the "interriver land" between the two rivers, roughly from 2000 BC to 800 BC.
The Vedas are the holy books of the Aryans. There are four volumes, each of which compiles a large number of hymns, scriptures and mantras, as well as prose interpretations. Among them, the earliest one with the highest literary value is the Rig Veda, which is a collection of poems with a total of 1,028 poems, mainly praising gods, but also secular poems. Among the hymns to gods, the majority are hymns to Indra, the god of war, accounting for about a quarter of the Rig Veda. Such as praising him for crushing "ninety castles", "liberating seven rivers", "killing Dasa", "making Dasa Varna surrender" and so on. These hymns reflect both the Aryan conquest of the indigenous populations in the early Vedic times and various aspects of Aryan life. As written in the hymn to the sun god Surya: when he rises in the sky like a "golden gem", "let the people whom the sun god evokes achieve their goals and engage in their labor." In the ode to the night god Ritli, it is vividly described that people return home "like birds flying back to their tree nests". These verses vividly reflect the communal life of the ancient Indian people, who worked at sunrise and rested at sundown. Coexisting with the Rig Veda are the Sama Veda, a collection of sacrificial songs, the Yajur Veda, a collection of sacrificial treatises, and the latest Atharva Veda. The Vedas greatly influenced Indian society and culture.