Li He's "Yanmen Prefect's Journey"
Dark clouds are pressing down on the city, about to destroy it, and the armor's light shines towards the sun's golden scales. The sound of the trumpet fills the autumn sky, stuffed with swallow fat and the night is purple.
A half-rolled red flag stands near the Yishui River, but the sound of heavy frost and cold drums cannot be heard. Report to the army on the golden platform, support the Jade Dragon and die for you.
Appreciation 1:
The poem has eight lines, the first four lines describe the scene before sunset. The first sentence is both a description of a scene and an event, successfully exaggerating the tense atmosphere and critical situation when the enemy is approaching the city. "Dark clouds are pressing down on the city, ready to destroy it." The word "pressing" vividly reveals the large number of enemy troops and the ferocity of the attack, as well as the disparity in strength between the two warring parties, the difficult situation of the defenders, etc. The second sentence describes the defenders inside the city to compare with the enemy troops outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changes, and a ray of sunlight shines through the gaps in the clouds, reflecting on the armor of the defenders. The golden light is shining and dazzling. eyes. At this moment, they are wearing strong armor and are ready to fight. Here, sunlight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders. The scenes are intertwined and wonderful. When the enemy is besieging a city, there may not be black clouds; when the defenders are arrayed, there may not be sunlight to shine and cheer. The dark clouds and sunlight in the poem are the means used by the poet to create a scene and create ideas. The third and fourth sentences describe the cold and miserable battlefield atmosphere from both auditory and visual aspects respectively. It was late autumn, thousands of trees were shaking down, and in the dead silence, the horn sounded with a whimpering sound. Obviously, a thrilling battle is going on. "The land was filled with the sound of trumpets," outlining the scale of the war. Relying on the strength of their numbers, the enemy troops advanced with great noise and pressed forward step by step. The defenders were not afraid of being alone and weak. Encouraged by the sound of the trumpet, they had high morale and fought back vigorously. The fighting lasted from daylight to dusk. The poet did not directly describe the fierce scene of cross-carriages and hand-to-hand combat. He only made a rough but highly expressive impression of the scene on the battlefield after the two sides withdrew their troops: The fierce battle lasted from day to night, and the sunset illuminated the battlefield. Blocks of rouge-like bright red blood condensed on the ground through the night fog, showing a purple color. This gloomy and solemn atmosphere sets off the tragic scenes on the battlefield, implying that both the offensive and defensive sides suffered a large number of casualties, and the defenders were still in a disadvantageous position, which paved the way for the rescue of friendly forces below.
The last four sentences describe the activities of the reinforcements. Marching in the dark, with no flags or drums, is to "surprise and attack the unprepared"; it not only indicates the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have a strong and fierce pride like "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and a strong man will never return once he is gone." Then describe the scene of the bitter battle: as soon as the reinforcements approached the enemy's camp, they beat drums to cheer and went into battle. Unfortunately, the night was so cold and frosty that even the war drums could not beat. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged. "Report your favor on the Golden Platform, and support the Jade Dragon to die for you." The Golden Platform was built by King Yan Zhao in the southeast of Yishui during the Warring States Period. Legend has it that he once placed a large amount of gold on the platform, indicating that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to recruit scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the imperial court.
Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to use words that express bright colors when writing tragic and tragic battle scenes, but almost every sentence in Li He's poem has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple. , not only bright, but also gorgeous. They are intertwined with black, autumn colors, jade white, etc. to form a colorful picture. A poet is like a skilled painter, who is particularly good at coloring, using color to represent objects, and using color to move people, not just outlines. When he wrote poems, he rarely used line drawing techniques. He always used imagination to paint things with various novel and strong colors, effectively showing their multi-layered nature. Sometimes, in order to make the picture more vivid, he also combines some things with different or even contradictory properties and makes them appear side by side to form a strong contrast. For example, the dark clouds pressing down on the city are used as a metaphor for the enemy's arrogance, and the armor of the sun is used to show the majestic appearance of the soldiers defending the city. The contrast between the two creates bright colors and a clear sense of love and hate. Li He's poems are not only strange, but also appropriate. Weird yet appropriate, these are the basic characteristics of his poetry creation. This poem uses bright and mottled colors to describe tragic and tragic battle scenes, which is strange; but this colorful and strange picture accurately expresses the frontier scenery and the rapidly changing war at a specific time and place. Fengyun seems very appropriate again. Only if it is strange and strange, the more novel it feels; only if it is appropriate, the more real it feels; if it is strange and appropriate, it will form a harmonious and emotional artistic conception. This is Li He's unique skill in creating poetry, and what makes him valuable.
Appreciation 2:
Li He, whose courtesy name is Changji, was born in Fuchang. Fuchang is now Yiyang, Henan. Li He's life experience was unfortunate. Because his father's name violated the taboo of Jinshi, he could not be admitted to the imperial examination, which blocked his path to academic fame, and he was in a miserable mood throughout his life. Although Li He's official career was troubled throughout his life, he always had a strong desire to make achievements. In his poem "Southern Kingdom", he once said: "Why don't men bring Wu hooks and collect the fifty states in Guanshan?" Li He only lived to be twenty-seven years old, and his limited experience had to bring great limitations to his poetic vision. But he is ambitious and cares about reality, so his poems also touch on some important contradictions in reality. http
: "The Journey of the Grand Administrator of Yanmen" is one of the masterpieces that expresses great ambition. "The Journey of the Governor of Yanmen" is an old Yuefu inscription, and later generations of poets often used it to write about conquests. Ancient Yanmen County was located in the northwest of present-day Shanxi Province. Li He's poem is about the recent war in Yishui. Yishui is located in the northern part of today's Hebei Province. It is a place where feudal separatism often occurred after the An-Shi Rebellion. After the "An-Shi Rebellion", the power of the Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened, and wars between the court and the feudal towns continued.
Therefore, this poem is probably based on the war between the imperial court and the vassal town. By praising the spirit of sacrificing one's life for the country, it expresses one's ambition to serve the country.
One or two sentences describe the urgency of the war situation. "Dark clouds are pressing down on the city, threatening to destroy it", which is a metaphor for the rebels rolling in like black clouds. "Book of Jin" says: "Any strong city with black clouds like a house is called the spirit of the army." The spirit of the army can reflect the black clouds, which is naturally an absurd and superstitious statement, but Li He's poem was curious, and he Introducing this kind of statement into artistic conception and casting this famous phrase, it uses a symbolic image to effectively depict the fierce momentum of the enemy's pressing situation and the emergency situation of the dangerous city about to be broken. The word "pressure" vividly depicts the ferocity of the rebels, while the word "pressure" further depicts the unstoppable force of the heavy "pressure". The scene of a powerful enemy pressing down on the territory and a dangerous city about to be destroyed is extremely vivid and the strata are now visible to us. before. The poet used angry strokes to paint the rebels with a layer of "black" color, giving people a harsh, gloomy, and cold sense of oppression. "The armor's light opens toward the sun's golden scales", which describes the defenders' high morale and preparedness for battle. "A light" refers to the golden light of the warrior's armor shining under the sunlight. The word "kai" is written vigorously and has an outstanding majestic appearance. It vividly shows the full emotions of the soldiers, and the battle formations are arranged in an orderly manner. The two words "destroy" and "open" are opposite to each other, which further reflects the fearless spirit of the border guards in safeguarding national unity. Both sentences benefit from being good at creating atmosphere and have the power to show the essence of things more strongly. "Dark clouds are pressing down on the city" to describe the approaching enemy, and "armored light facing the sun" is used to express the hero's bravery in resisting the enemy. They are both tangible and indescribable, and the connotations of the imagery are extremely rich. The poet uses vivid metaphors and exaggerated techniques to describe the military power and momentum of the enemy and ourselves before the fierce battle. At the same time, the "black clouds" and the "golden scales" form a sharp contrast and set off each other. It is both a description of the scene and a narrative. The author uses images rich in symbolic significance to effectively exaggerate the tense atmosphere before the battle and the high morale of the garrison soldiers, and reveals the poet's love and hate. As for Li He writing this poem, it was after the An-Shi Rebellion that vassal towns sprang up, the country was divided, and the tyrants brutally oppressed the people. He hated it. Therefore, he painted the border generals with fiery brushstrokes and enthusiasm. This sentence is full of emotions, clear praise and blame. Art
The third and fourth sentences in p describe tragic and fierce battle scenes. "The sound of the trumpet fills the autumn sky, and the stuffed bird's fat condenses into purple at night." These two sentences closely follow the sentence "Jia Guang", depicting the soldiers who defended the city rushing out of the city gate and fighting with their lives. The author does not describe the fighting scene between the two armies from the front, but uses the auditory and visual aspects to describe the fierce and tragic battle. Due to the huge disparity in numbers and helplessness, they had to retreat to the isolated city. The last sentence points out the season, and the description of this desperate fight with a powerful enemy does not mention the scene of the clash of swords. It is only hinted at by the sound of horns filling the sky in the autumn scenery. "The sky is filled with the sound of trumpets", isn't it the sound of drums and trumpets that urges the battle, the sound shakes the heaven and the earth! The next sentence explains the location of the battle. "Purple" refers to the purple soil near the Great Wall. "Yanzhi" means "rouge", which refers to the color of blood shed by border guards, implying heavy casualties among border guards. The reader seems to see the blood stains as red as rouge, condensing into a purple under the heavy night. The word "man" expands the scene of fierce battles and reflects the heroic momentum of the border guards in killing the enemy; the word "condensation" vividly depicts the result of the border guards' dripping blood flowing all over the ground, that is, the great sacrifice. It highlights the intensity of the battle. As time goes by, it has merged into the empty and desolate desert. The color of the Great Wall is purple, so it is called purple plug. The poet used it to express the condensation of blood. The idea is novel and the image is vivid. These descriptions of the cold and miserable scenery on a cold night set off the emergency situation of the isolated city being trapped, which naturally transitions to the later description of the border guards who make surprise attacks at night. This artistic conception is beyond the ordinary. From "facing the sun" to "night purple", it also naturally expresses the fierce battle from day to night. This is a vivid battle scene. Art China htt
p:/Five or six sentences describe the scene of the defenders' attack. "A half-rolled red flag is near the Yishui River, and the sound of drums and drums is heavy with frost and cannot be heard." This describes the scene of Tu Han, the border guard who was besieged in the isolated city, breaking out of the siege at night and making a surprise attack on the enemy. "Half a roll of red flag" describes the strong wind, showing the depressed atmosphere after defeat; "Lin Yishui" reminds people of the strong and strong feelings like "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong soil will never return once it is gone" The heroic sentiments indicate that the generals are ready to sacrifice their lives for the country. "Frost heavy drums cold" describes the cold weather, indicating that the soldiers braved the wind and cold to fight, which shows the arduous battle. "The sound cannot be heard" is used to describe the military generals with the sound of drums, which already reveals a strong tragic atmosphere. The last sentence says that although the drum can no longer sound, it is still beating, which shows that although it is defeated, it is unyielding. Late at night in the cold autumn, with severe frost and strong wind, hoarse war drums and half-rolled red flags, the scene of the border soldiers marching into Yishui and attacking the enemy soldiers at night is quite picturesque. The word "Lin" depicts the mighty momentum and belief in victory of the border troops to break through the encirclement. The word "heavy" describes the coldness as if it weighs a lot and the atmosphere is gloomy. These two sentences are concise in language, and the scene is desolate and touching. These two sentences still focus on showing the situation of things through atmosphere. At the same time, these two sentences are another step down in composition, setting off the bravery and perseverance of the last two sentences, and sacrificing one's life to serve the country's trust. The above six sentences focus on using atmosphere to show the situation of war, setting up a typical atmosphere for the last two sentences.
Seven or eight sentences describe the determination of the soldiers to sacrifice their lives to serve the country. "Report your favor on the golden stage, support the jade dragon and die for you." The "Golden Platform" is located on the bank of Yishui River, which is the platform where King Yan Zhao set up a large amount of gold to recruit talents.
An allusion to King Zhao of Yan during the Warring States Period was that he built this platform to recruit talented people from all over the world. It is used here to refer to being reused by the country. "Jade Dragon" is the sword. These two sentences are the main theme of the whole poem. The poet lived in the late Tang Dynasty when the country's power was declining and wars broke out. There were Tufan in the west and Huihe, Xi and Khitan in the north. Each of them dominates one side, sometimes unites to rebel, sometimes relies on force to annex, and all of them are eager to swallow up the royal family. As a descendant of the Tang clan, the poet hated the power of the vassal town even though he had been suppressed throughout his life and had unrealized ambitions. He hoped that the imperial court could select talents and appoint capable people like King Yan Zhao to calm the world. This kind of thinking reflected the people's desire to oppose secession, oppose rebellion, and maintain national unity. It was of progressive significance at the time. These last two sentences are imbued with the poet's strong will, that is, once he is informed by the monarch, he will not hesitate to sacrifice his life for state affairs.
Li He's poems often have the characteristics of novelty and uniqueness, which are clearly reflected in this poem. In terms of his pursuit of novelty and creativity, Han Yu used words as poetry, driving momentum, arranging chapters, and liked to use rare words with sinister rhymes; Li He took a different approach, and what runs through his artistic creation is his amazing imagination. The richness and strangeness are almost bizarre, breaking away from the routine, unexpected and novel. This distinctive feature is widely reflected in all aspects of the selection of materials, the description of the environment, and the choice of words. Rich imagination. From the rampant and ferocious momentum of the rebellion in the feudal town, to the thought of billowing black clouds filling the air, covering the entire border town, and then to the thought of the isolated city in danger and the impending massacre, it was a novel thought. At the end of the poem, the poet's imagination leaped to the "golden platform", fully demonstrating his strong feelings of serving the country. This rich imagination not only highlights the theme of the poem, but also opens up the realm of the poem and enhances the artistic appeal. The idea is novel. This poem is about war, but it does not directly describe the fierce scenes of cars and soldiers fighting. Instead, it focuses on exaggerating the atmosphere. Through the battle, the atmosphere is rendered layer by layer and builds momentum step by step, making the theme of the work clear. And outstanding.
Li He is a poetry ghost, and like Wang Bo, died young.