Divine Comedy (Italian: Divine Comedy) is a long poem written by the battleship Dante AliGneki Cheri (C.1265–1321).
The author of this work was written from 1307 to 132 1. Through the dialogue with various famous figures in hell, purgatory and heaven, it reflected the achievements and some major problems in the field of medieval culture, and it was an encyclopedia, from which we could also get a glimpse of the dawn of humanism in the Renaissance.
The whole poem consists of three parts: hell, purgatory and heaven. In the form of a long poem, it describes a dream Dante had in his middle age in order to condemn the church's rule, but he still hasn't got rid of the Christian theological point of view.
In this epic with more than 14,000 lines, Dante resolutely opposed obscurantism in the Middle Ages, expressed his persistent pursuit of truth, and had a far-reaching impact on the poetry creation of later generations in Europe.
The Divine Comedy was originally called Comedy, and Boccaccio named this work "Sacred" in Dante's Biography to show his reverence for the poet. The later version was named "Holy Comedy". Chinese translation is usually called divine comedy.
Extended data:
Creation background
Dante lived in a different era from the beginning of the century, when European society developed relatively slowly, industry and commerce were extremely underdeveloped, and Christianity completely monopolized ideology. /kloc-In the 3rd century, Genoa, Venice, Florence, Milan and other places in northern Italy became the richest areas in Europe due to the vigorous development of maritime trade and industry and commerce.
However, Italy at that time was not a unified country in today's sense, but a fragmented geographical name with extremely unbalanced economic development. There are two main forces that dominate Italy politically, one is the Holy Roman Emperor, and the other is the Pope. The so-called "Holy Roman Empire" is a historical name left over from the middle Middle Ages.
In 962, Pope John XII crowned German King Otto I (reigned from 936 to 973) and made him the "Holy Roman Emperor", thus owning Italy.
Therefore, all emperors are of German descent. Due to the civil strife in Germany itself, its king was only a strong or weak feudal Lord, and the ruling center was always in Germany, and the control over Italy was tight and loose.
The Pope has always regarded Italy as his sphere of influence, which is full of contradictions with the imperial emperor. The Italian people want national reunification, but the struggle between the Pope and the emperor and their respective ambitions are obstacles to reunification.
They adopted the policy of divide and rule because they were afraid that a unified Italy would pose a threat to their rule. Complex contradictions make Italy's political life extremely active. Confrontation between political enemies and conflicts of interest between different classes are often manifested in extremely cruel forms. Dante is one of the witnesses of political persecution.
From a cultural point of view, by the 12 century, Christianity's tight control over European thought was insufficient. In the process of theological discussion, it is often necessary to prove and discuss the existence and attributes of God and explain the relationship between the earth and the other side with the help of the concepts and logical argumentation methods of ancient Greek philosophy such as Plato and Aristotle. However, after 12 century, more and more ancient Greek and Roman works began to be compiled. The original intention of the church is to find methodology and basis for its own theological theory, but researchers have found another cultural realm completely different from Christian theory. The earliest classical scholar in western Europe appeared in Italy, and Dante was one of the most learned scholars.
As early as his youth, Dante joined the Guelph Party with full political enthusiasm, devoted himself to the struggle against feudal nobles, and took part in the battle to crush Kipling Party.
After the Guelph Party came to power in Florence, Dante was elected as the chief executive of the city. The party later split into black party and white party. Dante belongs to a white party and opposes the Pope's interference in Florence.
Together with the French army, the Pope supported the Black Party to defeat the White Party in 1302, seized power and began to purge the members of the White Party. Dante was confiscated of all his property and sentenced to life in exile. It was not until the guest died in Lavaine that he returned to his hometown.
Dante has the tenderness and passion of a poet and the sharpness and wisdom of a scholar. He was one of the most outstanding linguists at that time, and also a politician surfing in the torrent of the times, which was the basis for the publication of the profound divine comedy.
After a long period of deliberation and conception, Dante began to write the Divine Comedy. It is difficult to determine the exact date of writing the Divine Comedy. According to the textual research of literary historians, it began around 1307, while Hell and Purgatory was completed around 13 13, and Paradise was written shortly before Dante's death, which lasted for more than 10 years.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-divine comedy