First, the novel is full of local flavor and pastoral sentiment.
Fei Ming's novels mostly express the interest of life by describing daily trifles, and express the simple and quiet beauty of pastoral life and the simple and peaceful beauty of human feelings and homesickness by diluting the simple and beautiful brushwork. "What he described is not a great tragedy or comedy, but the ordinary life of ordinary people-this is the reality." (1) Shen Congwen said: "Not only the moving and clear laughter of the rural girl, but also her clever posture, a small river and a lonely sunflower tree growing in the corner of the vegetable garden, we can all approach it from the works, even the rural air with a slight smell of cow dung and straw, as if we were carrying a book." ⑵ grapefruit depicts the vivid image of cousin grapefruit through a series of daily chores in childhood. "I know that my jar is almost finished and I stole the name of grapefruit during the day. Grapefruit also understood my trick, but she didn't say anything. Finally, I finished eating for the first time and was forced to take out the remaining grapefruit and divide it. " (3) The tenderness and loveliness of grapefruit and the naughty and stubborn character of "I" are vividly on the paper.
"Fei Ming's combination of rural flavor and pastoral sentiment is almost natural, opening up a different kind of beautiful world for modern rural novels." (4) The Story of Bamboo Forest describes a poor and happy day for a farmer beside a bamboo forest by the river. The three girls in the article are full of long poems and youthful breath. The author's description of the three girls' intelligence, intelligence, elegance and refinement, as well as their yearning for a happy life, is unforgettable. The purity of this novel has reached an unattainable level. Shen Congwen's Sansan, Border Town, and Wang Zengqi's Notes on Big Trouble may all be influenced by this work. Sansan and Cui Cui written by Shen Congwen and Qiao Yun written by Wang Zengqi all have the shadow of three girls. However, I think, only Border Town can match, while articles such as Sansan, The Chronicle of Big Trouble are both poetic and simple.
Second, the novel structure of prose culture
Fei Ming's novels have a distinct prosaic tendency in structure: downplaying the plot, emphasizing the rendering of emotion and artistic conception, and using lyrical brushwork to make the beauty of pastoral landscape and character temperament complement each other.
Fei Ming put a lot of space on the description of natural scenery and humanized it. Writing about scenery means writing about people. The story of bamboo forest, the story of Taoyuan, the story of Lingdang and the willow tree on the river are all representative works of blending scenes. In Bells, "When the sunset can't shine through Taojia Village (there are many tourists in the city at this time), it is inevitable that someone will climb the battlements to explore the water, but the result is that the city people look at the city people as if they can't say that the water is clear and the bamboo leaves are green-the city people also look at the city people." This is similar to Bian's Broken Chapters, "You stand on the bridge and watch the scenery/the people watching the scenery watch you upstairs/the bright moon decorates your window/you decorate other people's dreams." 5] How similar they are! I don't know whether Bian was influenced by Fei Ming or their own originality. However, it is an indisputable fact that Fei Ming's Lingdang was written at 1927 10, while Bian started to write poems at 1930, and this Broken Chapter was written at 1935 10. Moreover, Bian himself said that "I mainly get the artistic enjoyment of reading poetry from his novels". ⑹
Although The Bridge is a novel, it doesn't always follow the plot. Each story is a relatively independent scene, and the characters and their environment constitute a beautiful picture. This prose and lyrical writing tendency directly influenced Shen Congwen in later generations. Shen Congwen further advocated: "By writing The Hunter's Diary by Turgenev, travel prose and novel stories are integrated, so that people can float in the unique geographical background of sunny southwest." Everything still means something like' raw materials', which deserves special attention. "On one occasion, Shen Congwen further said," All art allows the author to inject a lyric poem, and short stories are no exception. "As Shen Congwen's Border Town, it is deeply influenced by Bridge in structure and charm. They all describe the simple and harmonious life in the countryside, and they all describe a simple love in the world with poetic style. " Bridge describes the budding love between Cheng Xiaolin and Shi He, while Border Town has changed from a man and two women to a woman and two men: Cui Cui, Tianbao and Nuosong.
Third, poetic novel language
Fei Ming's novels also have obvious poetic tendency. Fei Ming himself admitted that he was "obviously influenced by China's poems". Writing novels is the same as writing quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. He refuses to waste language. ⑼ Wang Zengqi said: "He moved the symbolism of transcending rationality and expressing one's mind in late Tang poetry into the novel. He writes novels by writing poems, and his novels are actually poems. " ⑽ He wrote novels with the method of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty, so he has such excellent works as Jingdang, Taoyuan, Beach and Monument. Many sentences in Fei Ming's novels have the beauty of quatrains:
"Boss Wang locked the moonlight with a bolt." (Taoyuan)
"The deaf went to the gate of Shi Jia, stopped and looked up at the pomegranate in the yard, as if they could see people." ("Jingle")
"The stone for washing clothes is placed on the shore, just half in the water." (Bridges and continents)
"Then I don't know what to say. It seems like a long time." (Bridges and continents)
"The grass is so green that it swallows the sun. It is suspected that it is slowly jumping there, or it is countless." (eight hairs on the bridge)
"Light can't help my grandmother's love, and the girl's heart can't be ignited by herself. -"(bridge lamp ...
Fei Ming's novels are poetic, and because of his novels, he showed the characteristics of euphemistic and implicit leap in art in his early years, especially around 1927, which was brought into full play, and Taoyuan was one of them. "Boss Wang has only one girl, 13 years old, who has been ill for almost half a month." The opening remarks are concise to the extreme. "Taoyuan" focuses on the sincere love between Wang Lao and Amao's father and daughter. Amao is a patient himself, but he still takes care of his father. Seeing that his bottle was empty, she tried her best to persuade him to buy wine. Boss Wang misses sick Amao with all his heart, because his daughter said, "Peaches are delicious." Even if the peach production season has long passed, it is good for the father to put some change in the empty wine bottle and replace it with a glass peach for his daughter to "have a look". The writing style is as simple as Lu Xun's, but it writes the love between poor father and daughter, which makes people cry, and its artistic appeal is comparable to Zhu Ziqing's prose "The Back".
The novel Bridge embodies the poetic features of Fei Ming's novels. Reading Bridge is like reading a long poem. The whole book is poetic. Every chapter, even a sentence or two, has its own artistic conception.
"This bird is really green when it flies. The sky on the slope is oblique to the wheat on the ground, and the wheat on the ridge is green. Two pairs of eyes control its scissors and pen. " (Qiaocha Store)
"('drizzle dreams of chickens') This kind of rain is really interesting and not wet." (Bridge Tower) "
"No matter how hard it rains, it is not enough to grow a flower." (bridge tower)
Such beautiful poetic sentences can be seen everywhere in Bridge. As Feng Jiannan said, "Bridge is the art of novel, poetry and language. ⑾
Fourth, get rid of the concise, implicit and euphemistic writing style.
Fei Ming's novels also have a very special style of writing, which is clever, concise, implicit and euphemistic. Zhou Zuoren spoke highly of Fei Ming's conciseness: "The recent neglect of articles is also a defect of new literature. Indeed, there are novelists in the literary world who have written fluent or gorgeous articles, but it is rare for Fei Mingjun to be so concise. " ⑿
The beginning of Fei Ming's novels often uses concise and clear language to explain the location or background of the story. The story of bamboo forest, the first paragraph: "there is a river out of the city, cross the river and go west." There is a cluster of bamboo forests at the foot of the dam, and a heavy hut is exposed in the bamboo forests. There are vegetable gardens on both sides of the hut: twelve years ago, their owner was a very kind person, and everyone called him Lao Cheng. " The first paragraph of "Jingdang" says: "Taojia Village is on the dam of Jingdangwei, only half a mile away from the city. After getting off the dam, cross the bridge and take a sandbar to the west gate of the city. " After I listed these two paragraphs, I extracted some paragraphs from Shen Congwen and Wang Zengqi below:
"From Sichuan to Hunan, there is an official road to the east. When this official road came to a small town called "Tea Cave" near the border of western Hunan, there was a small white tower next to a stream, and a family lived under it. There is only one old man, one girl and one yellow dog in this family. " (Shen Congwen's Border Town)
"Yang's mill is on Shanzui Road, a mile away from the steamed stuffed bun. The fortress is located in the mountain bay, and the stream flows along the foot of the mountain. The gentle water suddenly became urgent at the corner of the mountain pass, so someone used it to build a stone mill at the rapids a long time ago. I don't know when it started, so I called Yang Jiamo. " (Shen Congwen's "Three Three")
"From the shipping company to the east and west, each has a stone's throw, and there are two clusters of households. These two families are also different, each with its own customs.
There is a family at the east end of the brain. There are only two people in this family, father and daughter. "(Wang Zengqi's" The Chronicle of Big Fight ")
"The place name of this place is a bit strange, called GuanZhaoZhuang. Zhao, because most Zhuang people are surnamed Zhao. It's called Zhuang, but people live in scattered places, two or three here and two or three there. As soon as you go out, you can see it from a distance, and there is still a long way to go, because there is no road, it is a winding ridge. Buddhist nun is because of buddhist nun. Buddhist nun is called Bodhi Temple, but it is called Lingjiao Temple. Even the monks in buddhist nun call it that. " Where is Bao Sha? "-"water-water-water temple. There used to be a nun in the monastery, a monk temple and a nun. However, monks live in temples. Probably because the water chestnut temple is not big, the big one is a temple, and the small one is a temple. "(Wang Zengqi's" Commandments ")
As can be seen from the above paragraphs, Shen Congwen and Wang Zengqi were obviously influenced by Fei Ming in their writing style, especially in their language. Wang Zengqi said in Preface to Fei Ming's Short Stories: "I used to like Fei Ming's novels and was influenced by him." ⒀
In terms of conciseness, I think first love is an example, although this novel is rarely discussed. When I first met Yin Jie, I wrote: "I fell in love with her as soon as I saw her; Grandma said "Sister Yin" and called it "Sister Yin". Sister Yin immediately agreed with a smile, and there was a dimple on each side. " Among them, the sentence "Grandma says' Sister Yin' is called' Sister Yin'" is completely a daily language, and it is extremely simple without any bedding and rendering. The description of Yin's sister is also carried out with the development of the plot in the writing, which makes the writing flow like a cloud without trace.
At the end of "First Love": "It's been ten years: I went back to my hometown for the first time after I got married, and I only met my grandmother in a hall; Don't miss grandma's recovery', which is a family lie about loving her grandson thousands of miles away. My wife told me that a 50-year-old mother-in-law cried worse than her aunt, and then came to see the bride, followed by a sister-in-law and took my picture on the table. " Is this Brother Yan? Instead of directly describing the death of "grandmother", we use "mourning hall" to imply that grandmother has passed away. And "a sister-in-law looks like a sister-in-law" implicitly points out that Sister Yin is married and now she is married. In this short passage, I made an implicit confession about my grandmother's death and Yin Jie's marriage, which was as ingenious as poetry, leaving a blank for readers to understand through re-creation in reading. In "Small Five Cattle-herding", Wang Pangzi occupied the evil deeds of the honest farmer's wife, and through a child's perspective, he wrote tactfully and tactfully: "Wang Pangzi lives in Uncle Chen's house, and Mao Ma is by no means Wang Pangzi's wife." In the objective narrative, there is sympathy for the farmer Chen Daye.
Fifth, the profound connotation of the blending of reason and sadness.
Fei Ming is seriously underestimated in the history of modern literature in China. Although more and more people agree with him, although he is recognized as the originator of poetic novels, people pay more attention to his uniqueness and appreciate his picturesque side, while ignoring his profundity and his indifferent and effortless side. "After the war, Fei Ming's local memory was no longer as pure as the early' slight smell of straw', adding a lot of joy and heaviness, thus enriching China's local memory." 14. On behalf of the other side of Fei Ming's fame are his two novels, Biography of Mr. Xu Fei and After Mr. Xu Fei flies away.
Biography of Mr. Xu Moyou is an autobiographical novel, which embodies Fei Ming's unique creative method. The whole novel is poetic and obscure. The combination and transformation of sentences and images are very abrupt, often reaching an incredible level. Biography of Mr. You is an autobiographical work based on the author's real life in Xishan, which has a strong realistic color. The inspiration originally came from Tao Yuanming's Biography of Mr. Wuliu. "There are five miles away from Mr. Xu's home, and there are five big trees on the roadside. Therefore, the tree is passed on, and people pass on the tree, which is well deserved." Let's compare this passage in Mr. You's biography with the opening text of Mr. Wu's biography: "I don't know who Mr. Wu is or what his last name is." There are five willows beside the house, because I think the number is unknown. " How similar they are!
The hero's name in Biography of Mr. Xu Fei is Xu Fei, which is similar to Fermin's. What Mr. Xu Fei has seen and heard contains not only Don Quixote ⒂' s madness, ridiculousness, integrity and fearlessness, but also Kong Yiji's pedantry and kindness. It is just an artistic expression of Fei Ming's ideological change and his real environment after he dropped out of school to live in seclusion. Here is no longer the poetic simplicity of the past, some are the author's feelings and whispers about everything that happened to everyone, some are the ordinary reality of ordinary people, and what can't be concealed under the "absurd words" is the author's resentment and rational thinking about the world and human nature. The Biography of Mr. Xu Mo You describes and records the social world of China in the early 20th century, which is an excellent novel comparable to Fortress Besieged.
Fei Ming's last novel, After Mr. Fei Ming Left, embodies the characteristics of "returning to nature". On the surface, "interest" and "rational interest" have been completely diluted or indifferent, but in fact, we can vaguely see that its "aftertaste" is still there. Fei Ming wrote this work unintentionally. He just described the facts, and his language is very simple. The novel describes the protagonist's financial difficulties in rural life, the disadvantages of rural Baojia system and the backwardness of primary education in remote areas. Between the lines, the author's resentment is revealed, and the author's ideal is also pinned. Novels sometimes explain the philosophy of life with Buddhism, which makes it difficult to distinguish the true taste; Sometimes writing the hardships of life in a humorous style makes people memorable.
There are 17 chapters after Mr. Mo Xuyou flies. The last chapter, in Mr. Mo's works, reflects Fei Ming's consistent poetic observation of daily life and wise and absurd irony. The joy of "purity" and "kindness" when the two children are collecting firewood reflects the nature of innocent children pursuing happiness. In the adult world, "collecting firewood" has a dual nature: pursuing happiness and satisfying greed are two sides of human nature. Those who are not greedy must be sages. The interesting "firewood collection" of two children and the utilitarian meaning of adults are really "more interesting". "In fact, all the pleasures in the world are greed" [16], and Fei Ming inadvertently made the novel and reality itself and the shortcomings of human nature form a metaphorical whipping relationship. So Zhou Zuoren said, "I don't think Feng Jun's novels are escapist." Fei Ming hides his thoughts behind the words and deeds of the characters in the novels, so it is more profound.