Author: Tao Yuanming
Xia Meng is lush in this season, and my home is surrounded by green trees.
Birds seem to be satisfied with their food. I love my thatched cottage.
After farm work, I often come back to read my favorite books.
Live in a secluded village lane, away from the noise, even if old friends drive back.
Busy spring wine, picking vegetables in the garden.
The drizzle blows from the east, accompanied by a fresh breeze.
Extensive reading "Biography of Zhou Wang", browse the book of mountains and seas.
What could be happier than this view of the universe?
Precautions:
1, there are thirteen poems in this group, and this is the first one. Shan Hai Jing: A book that records ancient myths and legends, historical and geographical documents and primitive customs.
2. Xia Meng: Early summer. April in the lunar calendar.
3, help sparse: the appearance of lush foliage.
I am glad to find a place to lean on.
5. Deep rut: the road surface with deep rut is rolled.
6, often return to the old car: often let the acquaintance's car turn around.
7. Happy: Happy.
8. Use it: Blow with it.
9. Pan-browsing: browsing. Biography of Zhou Wang: The Biography of Mu, which records the westward journey.
10, stream view: browse. Mountain Tu Hai: Classic of Mountains and Seas and Illustrations.
1 1. Throwing: Between the bow and the head. The final universe: the whole world.
Translation:
In Xia Meng, there are lush vegetation and green trees around my home.
The bird seems to be very happy.
I like my cabin too. After farming,
I often come back to read my favorite books.
Living in a secluded village lane away from the noise,
Even go on road trip's old friend turned around and went back to have a cup of spring wine happily.
The vegetable drizzle in the picking garden comes from the east.
With the fresh wind, I read Zhou Wang's biography extensively.
Browse the map of mountains and seas.
Observing the universe between courses,
What could be happier than this?
Appreciate:
Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas is the first of 13 poems written by Tao Yuanming in his seclusion. The first six sentences of the poem describe to people: in early summer, the vegetation is lush, birds have their own fun in the jungle, and the poet lives in a thatched cottage surrounded by green trees and finds his own fun. After farming, he leisurely reads books. The state of mind is so quiet, natural and peaceful, which shows that everything in the world, including the poet himself, has its own wonderful place.
Next, describe the environment of the reading place. The poet lives in a secluded village lane, and he doesn't communicate with the outside world. Even his old friends come to visit and drive around. He drank happily alone, picked vegetables in the garden and ate. How comfortable and complacent it is without the noise and interference of the world! A gust of wind in early summer came from the east with a light rain, which made the poet enjoy the freshness and comfort of nature.
The last four sentences of the poem outline reading activities and express reading feelings. In such a secluded hut, the poet widely read Zhou Wang's biography and browsed the map of mountains and seas. The Biography of Zhou Wang, that is, the Biography of Mu, tells the fairy tale of riding eight horses around the world. Shan Hai Jing Tu is based on the legend in Shan Hai Jing. It can be seen from the extensive reading here that Tao Yuanming did not study for the sake of reading, but only regarded reading as a kind of enjoyment and a spiritual sustenance of seclusion. So the poet finally said, isn't it very happy to read the mystery of the universe in two books in an instant? Is there anything happier than this?
This poem expresses the green soul of a man who advocates nature and returns to the countryside. The poet eulogizes the vast joy of life in the universe with pure and sincere brushwork in the rural experience of blending things with me, and embodies the poet's lofty and broad-minded life realm.
Xia Meng is lush in this season, and my home is surrounded by green trees. The birds are happy with their support. I love my house. The poet began to sketch a quiet, harmonious and full of vitality with the real scene of the village residence: Ran Ran on the big tree in front of the house and behind the house, with dense branches and leaves, hides the hut in a piece of green, and the sad green grass on the ground competes vigorously, and the tree green is connected with the grass green, which is peaceful and full of vitality, showing the harmony and tranquility of nature to the fullest. The bird's nest in the green sky echoes the green hut on the ground. Many birds are singing and flying around the lovely nest. A hut covered with heavy tree curtains is hidden or present. Poets walk on the green grass, wander in the green sea, flow in the embrace of nature, and feel the true meaning of life in willfulness and complacency. This is the natural living form of mutual comfort and the spiritual life realm of all things. I have cultivated land, I have cultivated land, and I am still reading. Farming basically ended in April, and the poet took time to read some books he liked. Life belongs to the right path, and food and clothing are the essential material needs of life. Poets are self-sufficient and carefree, and they don't have to bow down and serve dignitaries, and they get spiritual freedom in exchange for five dou meters. At the same time, the poet also has leisure time to suck endless spiritual food in the book, and his life is full and complacent, carefree and comfortable. This kind of life is not only comfortable, but also wonderful.
Live in a secluded village lane, away from the noise, even if old friends drive back. Enjoy spring wine and pick vegetables from my garden. Living in a remote alley, luxury carts generally don't come in, and occasionally some old friends come here to enjoy the peace. The poor lane is separated by a deep road, and it is quite easy to get back to my old friend's car. According to the following context, it should be explained in two sentences. Living in a remote and mean alley cut off contacts with officials and nobles. In the next sentence, Pei Hui didn't mean to turn around because the deep lane was narrow, but to find a way to turn in. According to the context of this article, Pei Hui should mean invitation here. The old friend came from afar, and the host was very happy. He took out the wine he brewed and personally planted vegetables to entertain his friends. Here, in addition to expressing his enthusiasm for his friends, he also contains the satisfaction of the poet who changed from a former scholar-bureaucrat to a farmer. This is the poet's breakthrough in the unique concept of laborer. According to his love for autumn mountains, the poet abandoned his official position and joined agriculture. In the secular consciousness, people hold a negative and critical attitude. The poet, on the other hand, transcended the secular world and returned to the countryside. This is a self-satisfied choice. He is self-sufficient, self-sufficient and worthy of praise. Here, it is obvious that the poet treats his friends with the fruits of his hard work, which is not only gratifying and proud, but also emotional sincerity and sincerity.
The drizzle blows from the east, accompanied by a fresh breeze. There is a pun here, which not only writes about the nourishment and beauty of the environment, but also writes that good wind blows friends, and friends moisten the poet's heart like good rain. Extensive reading of Zhou Wang's books, all over the mountains and seas, here, the concept of extensive reading is very casual, as if watching a play, relaxed and happy. The poet and his friends drank and had fun in the drizzle and breeze, and talked about the past and the present, which triggered some thoughts on the poet's leisure browsing of Shan Hai Jing and Mu Zhuan. The poet happily told his friends that he not only found pleasure in converting to nature, but also experienced strange scenery and the poet's life in the legends of Shan Hai Jing and Mu Chuan besides the Six Classics.
It is not only plants and birds that blend in with the poet's life, but also friends who enjoy his wonderful moments. Poets experience not only the pleasure of blending into nature, but also the appreciation of the scenery accumulated in the long river of time brought by books. Such a happy life in sleepy officialdom is not available. In the blending with heaven and earth, ancient and modern, people and things, the poet played a happy chapter in the operation of the universe.
This poem seems to be a handy reality of life, but its essence is far-reaching. What flowed out of the poet's chest was a hymn of life containing the realm of the universe.
Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden (I)
Back in the garden, one of them
Author: Tao Yuanming
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Precautions:
1, Shao: refers to youth.
2. adapt to the secular: adapt to the secular. Rhyme: artistic conception and demeanor.
3, dust net: refers to the world, the official life is dirty and introverted, such as a net. This refers to official career.
4. ostrich: a bird in a cage. Pond fish: fish in the pond. Birds miss the old forest and fish miss their hometown, which means they miss their hometown.
5. Ye Nan: A book is Nanmu. International: between.
6. Defensive: Defensive. There are two sentences in Pan Yue's Preface to Idleness: Smart officials are good at making profits, and stupid officials are upright and upright people. Clumsiness means integrity.
7. Fang: read as one side. There are more than ten acres of land around the house.
8. Shadow: Shadow.
9. Rolfe: List.
10, warm: dull appearance.
1 1, according to: gentle appearance. Market: village.
12, these two sentences are translated into the meaning that the chicken Screaming Trees is high and the dog is called Gong Shen in Ji Ming by Han Yuefu.
13, family: family. Trivia in the world.
14, virtual room: a quiet room. Leisure: leisure.
15, fan: fence. Fan Long: Birds store tools, which is a metaphor for official career. Return to nature: refers to return to farming and gardening. These two sentences mean that I am like a caged bird, returning to nature and free.
Translation:
I have never appealed to the secular temperament since I was a child.
I like Shan Ye.
Fall into a human trap,
It will be thirty years once you go.
Birds in cages cling to the Woods where they live,
The fish raised in the pond miss the deep pools where they lived.
Reclaiming land in southern Yuan Ye,
Go home and farm according to your foolish idea.
There are more than ten acres of land around the house.
There are eight or nine thatched houses.
Elms and willows covered the back eaves,
Peach and plum trees are listed in front of the hall.
In the distance, inhabited villages are faintly visible.
The smoke on the tree fluttered gently with the wind.
Dogs bark in deep alleys, and mulberry trees crow.
There are no worldly chores in the door,
There is a lot of free time in the empty room.
Trapped in a cage for a long time,
Now I can finally return to nature.
Appreciate:
In 405 AD (the first year of Emperor Yi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Tao Yuanming worked as a county magistrate in Pengze, Jiangxi Province, but for more than 80 days, he claimed that he was unwilling to bow down to the children in the village and hang them home. From then on, I ended my seclusion and official life, and finally went to the countryside. After I came back, I wrote a group of five poems, * * *, which described the beauty of rural scenery and the simplicity and loveliness of rural life and expressed my happy mood after retirement. This is the first song.
Tao poetry is usually plain, and there is no organized carving work. Su Dongpo, on the other hand, said: His poems are solid and full of reality. Supplement (the one with Su Zhe's book): At first glance, Yuan Ming's poems are slow, and when they are ripe, there are strange sentences. (Quoted from Lengzhai Poetry Talk) Dongpo prefers Tao Gong to be a man, and especially praises his poems. He thinks that since ancient times, no one can match him, reciting them repeatedly, knowing them by heart and singing them one by one, and writing them has a deeper experience than ordinary people. This song mainly embodies the deep charm in simplicity and the exquisiteness in relaxation.
The first four sentences, first talk about the conflict between personality and past life trajectory. Rhyme and sex refer to people's character and spiritual temperament. The so-called custom rhyme is nothing more than the modality and skills that poets have never learned to cater to the secular, play with social parties and seize opportunities. As a sincere and frank person, his nature seems to be intrinsically related to the simple countryside and quiet nature, so he loves Akiyama. The first two sentences reveal the author's lofty and aloof personality, which sets the tone for the whole poem and is also a foreshadowing. It is the fundamental reason why the poet finally resigned after entering the officialdom. However, life is often a necessity. As the official's children, entering the official career is the usual choice; As an intellectual who is familiar with Confucian classics, if he wants to succeed in society, he must also enter the power organization of society; Just to support a small family and maintain a comfortable daily life, you also need to be an official. Therefore, we have to go against our own rhyme and sexuality and rush about in the officialdom. Looking back, it was misguided and strayed into the dirty and boring secular net that bound human nature. Thirty years is a mistake of thirteen years. It happened to be thirteen years since Tao Yuanming began to be an official and finally retired. This sentence seems prosaic, but it is meaningful. The poet sighed to the countryside, just like to an old friend with deep friendship: Ah, this farewell is thirteen years! There is infinite emotion and attachment in it, but it is still hidden when written.
The following four sentences are the transition of two kinds of life. Although it was a mistake, it was emotional. Birds miss the old forest, and fish in the pond miss the old garden. The two sentences mainly describe the mood of being an official. From the above, the tone is smooth and there is no gap. Because of the use of two similar metaphors and antithesis sentences, the mood of being tired of the old life and longing for a new life is strengthened; Then turn from here to the following: land reclamation in the south, returning to the garden, logical, without trace. Clumsy response is becoming less and less vulgar, because you don't know how to take advantage of opportunities, so it's better to seize your own stupidity and don't have to reluctantly integrate into the world; Back to Tian Yuan's responsive nature, I love Akiyama because I have this nature to let this life stretch naturally and get what I want. The conflict written at the beginning is solved here.
Get rid of the conflict, the heart is happy and the mood is open. In the following eight sentences, sing the scenery around your home with Xinxin's pen. Everything described here is ordinary. Land, straw house; Elm, peach and plum; Village, smoke curled up; Dogs crow and chickens crow. But it is these ordinary things that, in the poet's pen, constitute a very quiet and beautiful, fresh and gratifying picture. In this picture, the pastoral scenery is presented to readers with its light and simple natural beauty, which makes people feel leisurely and fascinated. It's kind of like heaven. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Among them, men and women dress like strangers; The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. (Peach Blossom Garden) In fact, both the imaginary taoyuan and the real rural areas show one of Tao Yuanming's ideals: a reasonable society should be a society without competition, hypocrisy, external etiquette constraints, and everyone is self-employed and self-reliant. This kind of society is of course impossible to realize; Tao Yuanming's rural areas also deliberately ignored the hard and cruel side of life. But as the structure of poetry, it gives people beautiful comfort. Literature often plays such a role.
At first glance, this paragraph only feels natural and plain, but it is actually quite ingenious. There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine thatched houses, all of which are simple sketches, showing the simplicity of the owner's life. However, although there is no grandeur of carved beams and painted buildings, there is an elm Liu Yin behind the house, and the peach blossoms and plum blossoms in front of the hall compete with each other, making them plain and gorgeous and interesting. The first four sentences form close-ups. But this close-up is not enough for Tao Yuanming to paint a peaceful and peaceful artistic conception. So, I moved my pen to the distant scene: a warm and distant village, the smoke from the kitchen in the yiyi market. Warm, it is fuzzy, and the villages are far apart, so it is fuzzy, just like a painter in China often draws a few strokes of pen and ink when he paints a vision. Yiyi described the slowly rising smoke. The scenery described in these two sentences gives people a sense of calm and serenity, as if the world is not disturbed by any force. From four close-range sentences to two long-range sentences, it is like the focal plane slowly pulling away, melting a cottage full of peasant flavor into a far-reaching background. The picture is very light, but the taste is very strong, which makes people open-minded and relaxed. After reading this, you may feel that something is missing. Yes, this scene is too quiet, it seems a little less angry. But the poet has not forgotten this. Listen, dogs bark in the deep alley, chickens crow and mulberry trees bounce, and suddenly this beautiful pastoral picture is vivid. These two sentences are paraphrased from the "cock crow" in Han Yuefu. The chicken Screaming Trees is high and the dog Gong Shen, with a slight change. But the poet never shows off his knowledge, but he can get it at hand. Instead of writing insects and birds, he wrote a very common cock crow and dog bark, because cock crow and dog bark are the most distinctive in the rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture. In the darkness, it is hard to say whether the ideal social concept of Laozi is permeated, that is, a small country with few people, the voices of chickens and dogs are heard, and the people are miserable. Judging from the poetic context itself, these two strokes are indispensable. It properly shows the flavor of rural life, without destroying the quiet mood at all, and will not make you feel noisy and irritable. In this way, compared with Wang Ji's famous sentence, cicadas sing in Lin Jing and Tonamiyama are quieter. The well-known so-called pen-writing technique is too stressful and laborious.
From the scene, there are two sentences: the home is clean and miscellaneous, and the virtual room is more idle. Dusty refers to mundane chores, and virtual rooms are quiet rooms. As an official, there are always a lot of stupid things that you don't want to do, and a lot of boring entertainment. Now I have got rid of all of them and lived a leisurely life in a quiet place. However, the most pleasant thing is not to do nothing here, but to live according to your own wishes from now on. The whole poem ends with two sentences: stay in the cage for a long time and return to nature. Nature not only refers to the natural environment, but also refers to a natural and undistorted life. These two sentences echo the beginning again, that is, nature's love for hills, and at the same time, they are the pens that point out the theme of "returning to the garden". But this kind of echo and direction does not feel reluctant at all. The whole poem, from the intense boredom of official life to the beautiful rural scenery and the joy of a new life, naturally reveals a feeling of relief. This ending is both exquisite and logical.
Self-criticism of Tao's poems emphasized its natural and simple style, to the point where Tao Yuanming spent all his money, borrowed his calligraphy, and didn't know it as a language at first, so he was complacent and didn't bother Suo Fa. In fact, poetry is always poetry, and natural art is still art, even an art that is hard to get. It's really free, never sculpted, maybe it can be called nature, but it's by no means a natural art. Judging from this poem, it's not sloppy in planning the layout of the article, advancing step by step, and even depicting every detail. It is the crystallization of careful conception, careful choice of words and repeated tempering. There is only one emotion that really runs through the whole poem, presenting a complete artistic conception. The language of poetry is entirely to present this artistic conception, without seeking superficial beauty, so poetry appears natural. In short, this is the nature achieved through artistic pursuit and artistic efforts.
Imitate the ancient.
Li Bai is antique.
The sky is clear and the stars are like white stones. Huang Gu and Weaver Girl are not far apart.
There is no magpie bridge in the Milky Way, and it will be very comfortable without it. The boudoir cares about Jiangsu and Anhui, and the wanderer mourns the service.
A bottle of ice knows the cold in winter, but frost deceives distant guests. Guests fly like autumn leaves, without saying anything, drifting away.
Don't wear long backs, but wear clothes when they are wide. The moon holds the night dream, so I send a gold badge.
Be excited about one thing.
Li Bai is excited about one thing.
Yao Ji heaven and earth female, Miao Chaoyun. Wandering into the night dream, unintentionally to Chu Jun.
Embrace the autumn moon and leave Lanfen empty. I don't know who measured it and passed it on to Song Yuwen.
There is Fu Fei in Lop, flying in the snow. Light clouds blow the moon, clear and bright.
Xie Pei is going to the west, which is against her feelings. Sweet dust moves socks, green water does not touch clothes.
Wang Chen acted as a fu, and was sworn with the goddess. Lust hurts elegance, which is often laughed at by the world.
Split element holds a book and sends Wanli in his arms. Leave the letter as soon as possible, but no one has come.
Follow Yang, but not live for me. The commission is deep and the squid is rotten.
What's better than throwing yourself into the water and driving on others? I don't care if others drive, but I'm afraid of causing trouble.
Fifteen immortals, the journey of immortals has never stopped. Sitting in a place where the breeze is blowing, Sheng looks at the sea and the moon.
The jade boy in Xishan let me exercise my bones. Want to chase Huang Hefei, call Pengque.
There are beautiful women and successful women in the west. Xiao Yue's beautiful moth eyebrows made her laugh.
You can't escape, Tim's heart is like jelly. I am often afraid that the color will be too late to be seen.
Andrew is a gentleman, flying in threes.
There are many Oracle bones and grass, and the grass is deep and thin. Farmers are no different, and Gu Er will return to China.
I am always afraid that I will be in a hurry and suddenly take off with Qiu Peng. Wu De recommended the ancestral temple to honor you.