1. Performance: narration, discussion, description and lyricism. The imagery and lyricism of poetry should be expressed by various artistic techniques, and some common artistic techniques should be known. Poetry mainly uses narration, description, discussion and lyric, among which description and lyric are the key points.
Lyrics can be divided into direct lyricism (expressing one's own thoughts); Indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting things to express feelings, and blending scenes).
Description: Dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, front side combination, sound and emotion combination, rough drawing, meticulous painting, etc.
2. Expression techniques: Fu, Bi and Xing; Restrain change, elaborate description, symbolic association, etc.
What are the expressive techniques in poetry? There are three levels of poetic expression in a broad sense: rhetorical methods, expressive methods and means, and text structure.
Due to the limitation of words, here are some common narrow expressions.
1, rendering
Rendering is a kind of expression method to highlight the image and strengthen the artistic effect by describing, describing or comparing the behavior and psychology of the environment, scenery or characters.
Step 2 cause
Setting off is a kind of setting off, which means putting other things together to set off or contrast, so as to make things stand out. There are two kinds of foil techniques: one is positive foil and the other is negative foil.
3, film pasting
Contrast is a kind of profile description, which was originally a drawing method of Chinese painting, and later as a writing technique, it refers to supporting armor with armor, making its characteristics more prominent. This technique is usually used in combination with rendering technology.
4, dynamic and static combination
It refers to a technique of describing poets, events and scenes organically.
5. Turn action into stillness
Is to turn a moving scene in poetry into a static scene to write.
6. The combination of reality and reality
It means that the scenes and events in reality are set against each other and intertwined with those in imagination to express the same feelings.
7. Write sad feelings with happy scenes.
This is a contrast technique. On the surface, it is a happy scene, but in fact it is used to express a sad mood.
8. Rhythm
In order to refute people, we often write down the shortcomings of those who want to praise and the advantages of those who want to belittle. This technique is repression.
9. Bixing
The so-called comparison is metaphor and analogy. Is xing the beginning of a poem? Say something else first? , leading to the back of the text.
10, line drawing meticulous painting
Sketch was originally a painting method of Chinese painting, which refers to a descriptive technique of drawing vivid and vivid images in literary creation with the simplest pen and ink, without adding color and enlightening knowledge. Meticulous brushwork refers to the attention to details, the meticulous carving and colorful description of things.
1 1, image combination
Image combination is similar to montage in movies. The combination of images in poetry is that the author organically combines some images in poetry according to the needs of expression and the logic of life, giving people a distinct sense of images.
12, layout
That is, in the expression of the Book of Songs? Fu? It refers to sorting out and presenting the characteristics of things from different angles.
13, repeated chapters and sentences
Refers to a technique of expression in which the upper and lower sentences or the upper and lower paragraphs repeatedly sing in the same structural form.
14, see the big from the small.
It refers to a way to write small topics and reflect big problems.
15, curved wall
Bending the pen is a writing method that deliberately deviates from the subject and does not go straight to the book when writing an article. Word limit, please ask questions if you don't understand, and I'll add some examples.
Hope to adopt, thank you.
What are the expressive techniques in poetry? The commonly used methods of expression are: comparison, combination of reality and reality, confrontation between righteousness and meaning, combination of movement and static, satirizing the present with ancient times, expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings with scenes, expressing feelings with allusions, analogy, personification, pun, repetition, exaggeration, intertextuality, rhetorical questions, comparison, and multi-language harmonic angle description.
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Poetry refers to China's ancient traditional poetry, represented by classical poetry, modern poetry and metrical words. It is also one of the characteristics of Chinese character cultural circle. Generally speaking, poetry is more suitable for "expressing ambition" and words are more suitable for "expressing emotion".
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China's poetry originated in the pre-Qin period and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. China's ci originated in Sui and Tang Dynasties and was popular in Song Dynasty. China's poetry originates from the people, but it is actually a kind of grass-roots literature. In China in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, poetry is still favored by the public.
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Broadly speaking, expression refers to the special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. Through the analysis of a work, we can grasp its special expression from point to surface. Note: Because modern Chinese has paid little attention to the distinction between expressive techniques and expressive skills, it can be considered that they are unified. But if we want to strictly distinguish between expression and expression.
There is no skill in the creation of ancient poetry, and inspiration is very important. When writing ancient poems, you must read more and recite more, experience more feelings, and don't write blindly, make things out of nothing, and do things sincerely. Good poetry/practice more, write more, think more, and even learn words.
You can't write without basic skills. Reading more, remembering more and understanding more are the basic skills and the most important.
Label: classic composition last: No.1 bomb. Brothers should call number one separately. Next: Idioms are confusing and confusing. Idiom training
How to appreciate the expressive skills of ancient poetry? The expression of poetry refers to the methods and means adopted by the author in planning the layout of articles, selecting materials and ideas, choosing words and making sentences, shaping images, writing scenes and expressing feelings, etc., mainly including expression, expression and rhetoric. Appreciation is to feel, understand, identify and appreciate the expressive skills of poetry and make your own judgment.
2. multiple choice questions. Appreciating the expressive skills of poetry gives several options, asking for the right (or wrong) one, sometimes in the form of multiple choices. This type of question is usually taken with other test sites.
3. Fill in the blanks. Need expressive skills or functions used in poetry.
In the usual study and practice, we should pay attention to understanding, summarizing and summarizing various expression skills commonly used in ancient poetry. Only by memorizing the daily expression skills and functions of contemporary poetry can we transfer accurately when doing the questions. For example, the 20 10 Zhejiang volume examines Wang Anshi's Ding Lin, and its first subtitle is a brief analysis of the poet's methods of expressing emotions in the novel. As long as the rhetorical devices of poetry are fully reserved and the techniques of substituting flowers for trees are accurately used, it is not difficult to see that both the May and the Moon in the poem use anthropomorphic techniques, and they all write things with people and give people human feelings.
The expression of poetry has certain rules in setting questions and answering questions. Usually, in the process of study and training, we should pay attention to summarizing these laws in time and further summarize the basic answering mode. In this way, you can use the pattern in the exam, thus saving time in expressing (expressing and rhetoric), writing images (characteristics) and expressing (expressing and highlighting) your thoughts and feelings, which has played a very good role. For example, the 20 10 Shandong volume examines Ruan Ji's Poem Eighty-two (Seventy-nine), and its first sub-topic is what expressive techniques and emotions are used in the poem as a whole? Please briefly analyze, when you answer this question, you can apply the above basic answering mode; This poem uses the method of expressing ambition (or symbolizing happiness) to express the poet's loneliness, helplessness, grief and indignation (or helplessness for the country).
Examine the questions and carefully design the answers.
There are many questions about poetry expression skills in the test questions. When doing the questions, you should carefully examine the questions, make clear what you are asking, why, or both, and answer according to the questions. When you answer, you should also use the original words of the poem as much as possible, or use your own language to make a slight change (meaning explanation), and at the same time use appreciation terms appropriately to make the language accurate, beautiful and vivid. For example, the 20 10 national volume examines Liu Xiaozhuo's poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers". The second small question is what expression is used in this poem and what expression is required for the title. It doesn't need to analyze why. So, as long as you answer the question, you can score. For another example, 20 10 Tianjin volume examines the comparative reading of two Tang poems.
There are many ways of expression in poetry, and so are the ways of expression used in the same poem. Therefore, when understanding the expressive techniques of poetry, it is important to base on the whole article, grasp it as a whole, and find out what expressive techniques are used in the whole article. It is necessary to clarify the skills of table one from the perspectives of expression, expression and rhetoric. In this way, when you do the problem, you will be targeted and targeted. For example, 0.2010 Anhui Volume examines Du Fu's The Year of the Dead. The first small problem is that this poem uses a variety of expressive techniques. Please give two examples, which will be appreciated. Careful analysis of the whole poem shows that the expression of this poem uses narrative and capture; In terms of expression, it adopts direct expression; When using metonymy and allusion in rhetoric, the most important points can be answered according to the requirements of the topic. Test center analysis test center 1: expression
The so-called expression is a specific language method and paragraph used to express specific content. The most common forms of expression in poetry are narration, description, lyricism and discussion. , generally do not need to explain.
Test site 2: expression skills
The so-called expression technique refers to the special sentence structure used by poets in writing words and expressing their thoughts and feelings. The common expression techniques in poetry include expressing ambition with objects, writing scenery and expressing emotion, directly describing and expressing one's feelings, etc.
Test site 3: rhetoric
The so-called rhetorical devices are the language ways, methods or technical rules used by poets in order to make the expression receive accurate and infectious effects. The rhetorical devices of ancient poetry include metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, pun, foil,
Meaning, duality, parallelism, etc. ......& gt& gt
What are the expressive techniques and rhetorical devices of ancient poetry? Metaphor, personification, parody, exaggeration, metonymy, duality, pun, truth, rhetorical question.
means of expression
Description; Virtual reality, virtual reality, positive and negative combination, dynamic and static combination, detail description and line drawing
Express/convey one's feelings
direct
Indirect; Emotion is expressed by scenery, emotion is created by touching the scenery, emotion is integrated into the scenery, today is satirized by ancient times, and ambition is expressed by holding things.
Expression mode; Set off, contrast, symbol, comparison, rendering, contrast and suggestion
Structural technology; See the big with the small, and express feelings with the scenery.
There are many ways to express ancient poems, which were first popular in China. The traditional ways of expression are "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu."
In the meantime, there is a quatrain called: "Three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars, and four poems are elegant."
In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems.
Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth." For example, Ge Tan and Slug in The Book of Songs used this technique.
Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": "And what is Bi Ye? Cover things with attachments and threaten to cut them off. " Zhu said, "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another." For example, books in The Book of Songs, such as Cats and Storytelling, are written in this way.
Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": "Those who get the Tao are happy. Take the metaphor as an example. Those who quote plants, birds and beasts in poetry and prose are happy. " Zhu pointed out more clearly: "If you are interested, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting." For example, Guan Ju in The Book of Songs is the expression of "Xing".
These three methods of expression have been handed down all the time, and they are often used comprehensively and complement each other, which has a great influence on poetry creation in past dynasties.
There are many forms of expression of poetry, which are constantly developing and creating since ancient times, and their application is also flexible, exaggerated, repetitive, overlapping, jumping and so on. It's hard to describe. However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important form of expression of poetry. In poetry, there is also an important technique of expression, which is symbol. Symbol simply means "symbolic meaning", but in modern poetry, symbol is the direct image of the soul and should be paid attention to. From a modern point of view, there are three main ways to create images in poetry:
1. Compare. Liu Xie said in the book Wen Xin Diao Long: Metaphor is "either a sound metaphor, a figurative metaphor, a mental metaphor or a metaphor." There are many examples in the poems we listed before. There is also a more commonly used technique, that is, "personification": personification with things or personification with people. The former is like Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge: I left gently/just as I came gently; /I waved gently,/saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky. /the golden willow by the river,/the bride in the sunset; /Beautiful shadows in the waves,/rippling in my heart. Treat "clouds" and "golden willows" as people. People imitate things, for example, Love's Because of the Wind: ... My heart/as bright as the candlelight in your window/slightly ambiguous/inevitable/because of the wind/... with the love of my life/light a lamp/I am a fire/may go out at any time/because of the wind. Compare "my heart" to candlelight, and compare me to a lamp. Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is "personification".
2. exaggeration. It is to enlarge the things to be described, just like the "capitalization" and "close-up" shots in the movie, to attract readers' attention and association. Li Bai's Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, so it is not as good as Wang Lun (for Wang Lun), and it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days (Looking at Lushan Waterfall), in which "deep thousands of feet" and "three thousands of feet" are mentioned. Although it is not true, the image he created vividly shows the characteristics of things and expresses the poet's * *. However, this exaggeration must be artistic and aesthetic, not too absurd, not too real, and not too vulgar. For example, there is a poem describing the harvest of cotton: "A bag of cotton is wrapped/the truck head is tilted/tilted, three feet high/like an anti-aircraft gun." After reading it, people feel unreal and can't feel good.
3. Metonymy. Is to replace that thing with this thing. Similar to analogy, but different. The difference lies in: analogy is generally compared, and comparison is concrete and visible; Metonymy is concrete on the one hand and abstract on the other, which bridges the gap between concrete and abstract, makes the image of poetry more vivid and prominent, and arouses readers' association. This is what Ai Qing said, "Put wings on your thoughts, put clothes on your feelings, color your voice, and let the dead solidify."
To shape the image of poetry, we should not only use the materials taken from perspective to describe the picture, but also use the materials obtained from the senses such as hearing and touch to reflect the image in many ways, so as to be vivid and novel. Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, rode on a donkey and sang "Birds by the pool stay in the trees, and monks push the door down on the moon", but he also thought that "monks knock on the door down on the moon" could be used. He couldn't decide whether to "push" or "knock", so he made a consultation with his hand. Unexpectedly, the donkey blocked a big official's way. This man is Han Yu, a great writer. When the guards led Jia Dao to the horse, Jia told the truth. Han hesitated for a long time and said it was better to knock at the door. Because there is a "knock" sound, there are one or two knocks on the door on the moonlit night in the mountains, which makes the scene "live" and makes the environment more silent. "Wuti" and "Zhong" beside Fengqiao Bridge are also the crowning touch of this poem. There is also the music description in Bai Juyi's Pipa, which is "like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade". It is very vivid and wonderful! Modern, such as Huang Helang's "Morning Song": "There is also a stubborn listening/wind, rain, waves/faint/dawn/morning bell of Lingquan Temple/like a gushing spring/distant response/faint knocking down/a few sparse stars/cock crowing/as if crossing the ocean/cock crowing/like the tide. This poem is also well written. Therefore, if we master the skills of creating images with sound, it will open up a broader field for poetry creation.
Whether metaphor, exaggeration or metonymy depends on the poet's keen observation of objective things, his own feelings, bold imagination and even fantasy. It can be said that neither romance nor reality is a poet without imagination (fantasy). For example, Li Bai, who is famous for his boldness, has rich imagination and magnificent poetic style, and Du Fu, who is famous for his realism, also wrote, "When did you suddenly see this house in front of you?" ("The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind") and "She has a fragrant cloud and a foggy mist, and her jade shoulders are cold. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? "(Moonlit Night) and so on.
What are the expressive techniques of poetry? The artistic techniques of ancient poetry mainly include lyric techniques, expressive techniques and rhetorical techniques. Lyricism can be divided into direct lyricism (expressing one's feelings directly) and indirect lyricism, and indirect lyricism can be divided into lyricism by borrowing scenes (blending scenes, blending feelings with scenes), lyricism by holding things, lyricism by remembering the past and hurting the present, and instant lyricism. Description methods include frontal description and profile description, as well as line drawing, contrast and rendering. The common expression techniques of landscape poetry are the combination of reality and reality, the combination of movement and static, the combination of song and sadness, and the combination of up and down (or distance, intonation, time and space, melody, audio-visual). Other expressive skills include intonation, antithesis and so on.
Artistic skills of poetry
1, expression:
Poetry mainly uses narration, description, discussion and lyric, among which description and lyric are the key points. Different description methods, such as dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; Yes (lyrical way? There are two main ways: direct lyric and indirect lyric. ) Express your feelings directly, express your feelings through the scenery, cherish your feelings in the scenery, and blend the scenes. Because scenery is full of feelings, all scenery words are emotional words.
2, structural form:
The structural form of poetry, the common concern from beginning to end, comes straight to the point, goes deep at different levels, generalizes first and then divides, scenery first and then feelings, and then shows one's ambition, transition, bedding and foreshadowing.
3. Rhetoric:
The main rhetorical devices are duality, metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition and symbol.
4. Writing skills:
Writing skills include: Fu Bi's arousing, setting off, comparing, rendering, expressing ambition, making the finishing point, seeing the big picture from the small, trying to promote before suppressing, associating imagination and reversing word order.
1 line graph
Chinese painting technique name. A method of drawing objects with colorless ink lines. There is also a slight light ink rendering. Mostly figures and flower paintings. It also refers to a method of expression in literary creation, that is, to portray a vivid and vivid image with concise pen and ink without comparison.
2 symbols
Symbol refers to the expression of some abstract concept, thought or emotion with the help of concrete images. Its characteristic is to make use of some similarities between symbols and symbolized objects, so that some contents of symbolized objects can be expressed implicitly and vividly. In literary works, symbolism is usually a way to imply the author's thoughts, attitudes and feelings with concrete things. Like metaphor or simile, he omitted the first part, leaving only the second part. It has its own entity, but it represents another thing.
3 foil
The artistic technique of using similar or opposite conditions between things to highlight certain things as a foil. It is called positive contrast to set off a thing with its approximate conditions; To set off a thing with the opposite conditions of it is called contrast.
4 contrast
It refers to the expression technique that makes the object to be expressed stand out through profile description. Profile description is indirect description, that is, to express the main object through the description of people or environment around.
5 rendering
Rendering is a traditional technique of Chinese painting, which usually emphasizes making a certain aspect of the image more prominent in the place. Used in artistic creation to express positive and intentional description.
6 contrast
Put two opposing things or two different aspects of the same thing together and compare them with each other. Use contrast, or make the contradiction of opposing things stand out clearly, reveal the essence, and give people profound enlightenment; Or make the two opposing aspects of things set off against each other and complement each other, giving people a deep impression.
7 inhibition
Speak the negative side and the positive side at the same time, and only highlight one side, so as to achieve the purpose of suppressing one, promoting one or suppressing one. There are two kinds: first rising and then restraining, first restraining and then rising.
8 static and dynamic combination
The combination of dynamic and static refers to the dynamic and static description of things and scenery, which set off each other and constitute a kind of interest.
9 positive combination
Description, including front description and side description.
10 combination of excess and deficiency
In poetry appreciation, emptiness and reality are relative, as the book says, there is reality and there is no emptiness; Evidence is truth, and false support is empty; Objective is true, subjective is virtual; Concrete is real, hermit is empty; Actions are true, but words are empty; The present is true and the future is empty; The known is true, the unknown is false, and so on. ...& gt& gt
China's ancient poetry answering skills Chinese answering formula
(A) the role of sentences in the text:
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), pave the way (narrative), and set suspense (novel, but not tested in Shanghai) as the auxiliary paving way for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of a quotation (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(B) the role of rhetoric:
(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering the question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because:
(1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence).
(2) This word corresponds to the above one by one.
(3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what.
Format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks.
Format: What demonstration method is used to prove+argument?
(7)
Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry, such as allusions, comparison, rendering, laying out, comparison, lyricism, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and fiction, euphemism, comparison, allegory, symbol, pun and so on. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural. When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.
As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations.
In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author. Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiated expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation.
When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terms and strive to be accurate, concise and standardized.
Distinction of confusing terms
The difference between "method and technology"
Artistic skills, also known as expressive skills, include:
Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.
(2) Expression techniques: arousing, associating, setting off, suppressing, caring, being positive, symbolizing, contrasting, the combination of reality and falsehood, using allusions, expressing one's feelings directly, borrowing scenery to express feelings, blending scenes, and supporting ... > >
What are the common poetic expressions that occupy an important position in the appreciation of ancient poetry? Allusions, comparison, rendering, spreading, comparison, token, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of virtual and real, euphemism and implication, comparison, allegory, symbol and pun. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural.
Label: classic composition last: No.1 bomb. Brothers should call number one separately. Next: Idioms are confusing and confusing. Idiom training