Drinking poems
Tao Yuanming is the first poet in the history of China literature who wrote a large number of drinking poems. Twenty of his "Drinking" articles are "intoxicating" or accuse right and wrong of being upside down, discrediting the same upper class; Or expose the decadent darkness of the world; Or reflect the sinister occupation; Or express the joy of the poet after he quit the officialdom; Or express the poet's grievances in difficulties. Judging from the interest and style of the poem, it may not be a work of the same period. In the second year of Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin as the king of Lingling, killed him the following year, and established the Liu and Song Dynasties. In a metaphorical way, Shuo Jiu records the process of usurping power and changing dynasties subtly and twists, and expresses infinite grief over the downfall of the Hejin Dynasty. At this time, Tao Yuanming has lived in seclusion for many years, and he is used to troubled times and usurping power, but this poem still reveals his unforgettable secular spirit.
Poetry of the soul
Tao Yuanming's homesickness poems are represented by Miscellaneous Poems 12 and Reading Shan Hai Jing 13. More than twelve miscellaneous poems show their political depression after retirement and express their noble personality. It can be seen that the poet's heart is infinitely deep and broad. Thirteen poems in Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas express the same content by reciting the strange things in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. For example, in the tenth poem, by praising Jing Wei and Xing Tian for their "fierce ambition", they express and show that their ambition to help the world will never die.
idyll
Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help readers indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. His pastoral poetry, with its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, opened up a new world for China poetry and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. In his pastoral poems, his boredom with dirty reality and his love for quiet pastoral life can be seen everywhere. In Returning to the Garden, he described officialdom as a "dust net", compared being in it to "catching birds" and "pond fish", and compared retiring from the countryside to rushing out of the cage and returning to nature. Because of his actual labor experience, his poems are full of the joy of laborers, showing the thoughts and feelings that only laborers can feel. For example, the third poem "Returning to the Garden" is a powerful proof that this is the progress of his pastoral poetry.
Tao Yuanming's poems had little influence in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. When Liu Xie wrote Wen Xin Diao Long, he said nothing about Tao Yuanming. Zhong Rong's Shi Pin lists Tao's poems as domestic products, calls Tao Yuanming "the ancestor of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times" and thinks that his poems "originated from ying". Liang Daizhao, ming prince and Xiao Tong spoke highly of Tao Yuanming: "His articles are unusual, his writing is excellent, his ups and downs are obvious, and he is unique. This is heartfelt and heartfelt, this is not Beijing. " Selected Works contains more than ten poems by Tao Yuanming, and it is the author with many works. Tao Yuanming's pastoral recluse poems had a great influence on Tang and Song poets. In Du Fu's poem, he said, "It is better to write a poem than to let go of your heart, which means I will wait for you all my life." Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, spoke highly of Tao Qian: "Poems of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties seem slow at first glance, but when they are familiar, they have strange sentences. ..... Only when the rate is high, the meaning is far-reaching, the meaning is wonderful, and the language is refined can it be like this. It's like a great craftsman carrying a catty, but he can't see the trace of an axe. " Su Dongpo's other works include Abstinence from Drinking with Tao, Drinking Alone with Tao 2, Persuading Agriculture with Tao 6, Living Idlely with Tao for Nine Days, Nine Antique Poems with Tao, Eleven Miscellaneous Poems with Tao, Four Clouds Stopping with Tao, Shadow with Tao and Shadow with Tao. Tao Yuanming's position and influence in the history of literature depends on his prose and prose, no less than his poetry. Especially, these three articles, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Peach Blossom Garden and Back to Xi Ci, are most famous for their temperament and thoughts. The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu takes the form of an official biography, focusing on expressing life interest rather than describing life stories. It has the characteristics of self-narration and was initiated by Tao Yuanming. The article expresses different popular figures with extremely concise pen and ink, and draws a clear line with the common customs, thus creating a lofty and free-spirited hermit image, and Mr. Wuliu has also become an ideal figure entrusted by ancient China literati. Returning to hometown is a declaration of returning to the countryside from official career. There are many colorful paragraphs in the article, and their ups and downs and comfortable kisses present the poet's ecstatic situation to the readers. Ouyang Xiu once commented: "Jin has no articles, and Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci is just one." The story of Taohuayuan is similar to other fairyland stories, describing a beautiful paradise. What needs to be emphasized is that the ideal model provided by Tao Yuanming is unique: in the Peach Blossom Garden, there are a group of ordinary people, a group of people who have escaped from the war, not immortals, but they have preserved the authenticity and purity of nature more than the world. At the beginning of his retirement, Tao Yuanming thought about personal advance and retreat. When writing Peach Blossom Spring, he was not limited to individuals, but thought about the way out of the whole society and the happiness of the broad masses of people. Being able to get this far is related to years of hard work and poor life. Although the Peach Blossom Garden is just a fantasy, it is very valuable to put forward this fantasy.
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