95-05 Chinese Culture Test Paper and Answers for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language
Rhyme poetry, also known as modern poetry, is a type of ancient Chinese poetry. It is a poetry style that took shape after the Tang Dynasty. It is mainly divided into quatrains. and rhythmic poetry. According to the number of words in each sentence, it can be divided into five words and seven words. The text structure and sentence structure have certain specifications, the phonology has certain rules, and the changes in use also require certain rules.
Occurred
During the Yongnian Dynasty of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the "tonality theory" became popular, and poetry creation paid attention to the harmony of tones. In this way, the new poetic style of "Yongming style" gradually formed. This new poetic style was the beginning of metrical poetry. The more famous poet during this period was Xie Tiao (around 464-499). Xie Tiao is famous for his landscape poetry, with a fresh and flowing style. His new style poetry had a certain influence on the formation of rhymed poetry and quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.
Finalization
Poetry developed into the Tang Dynasty and ushered in a highly mature golden age. In the nearly three hundred years of the Tang Dynasty, nearly 50,000 poems were left behind, and there were about fifty to sixty famous poets with unique styles. The Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty were the main poets in the founding period of Tang poetry. These four heroes are Wang Bo (649--676), Yang Jiong (650--693), Lu Zhaolin (637--689), and King Luo Bin (646--684). Although their poems followed the styles of Qi and Liang, the themes of their poems were expanded in their hands, and the form of five-character and eight-sentence verses also began to be preliminarily finalized by them. After the "Four Heroes", Chen Zi'ang (661--702) clearly opposed the Qi and Liang poetry styles and advocated the "Han and Wei styles". The 38 "Poems of Encounter" are his representative works with a distinctive innovative spirit.
Maturity
The Tang Dynasty was the peak of the prosperity of poetry. In addition to the two great poets Li Bai and Du Fu, there were also many poets with remarkable achievements during this period. They can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the pastoral poets represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei; the other is the frontier fortress poets. Among them, Gao Shi and Cen Shen have achieved the highest achievements. Wang Changling, Li Qi, and Wang Zhihuan are also frontier fortress poets. The best among them. Most of Wang Changling's frontier fortress poems use old Yuefu inscriptions to express the soldiers' feelings of missing their hometown and seeking victory through meritorious service. His "Army March" and "Out of the Fortress" have always been regarded as masterpieces of frontier fortress poetry. Li Qi's frontier fortress poems are not many in number, but his achievements are outstanding. "Ancient Meaning" and "Ancient Military March" are his masterpieces. Wang Zhihuan is an older frontier poet. One of his poems, "Liangzhou Ci", expresses the sadness of the expedition's homesickness. Another poem, "Climbing the Stork Tower", is poetic and inspiring. The poetry of the Mid-Tang Dynasty is the peak of the Tang Dynasty. The continuation of poetry. The works of this period mainly showed social unrest and people's suffering. Bai Juyi was the most outstanding realist poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He inherited and developed the realist tradition of "The Book of Songs" and Han Yuefu, and set off a climax of realist poetry in literary theory and creation, that is, the New Yuefu Movement. Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji, and Wang Jian were all important poets in this movement. The main works of Yuan Zhen (779--831) are 19 ancient Yuefu poems and 12 new Yuefu poems. No matter in terms of content or form, Yuan poetry is very close to Bai Juyi's poetry. Their common feature is that the language is easy to understand, which is due to the consistency of their literary views. Although Zhang Ji and Wang Jian did not have clear literary ideas, they became the backbone of the New Yuefu Movement with their rich creations. Sympathy for the suffering of farmers is the theme of Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems, of which "Wild Old Song" is the most famous. Although there are not many poems written by Li Shen whose styles are very similar to those of the above-mentioned people, his two poems "Compassion for the Farmers" have won him a wide range of readers.
The 36 volumes of Xie Lingyun's works recorded in "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" have been lost. In addition to "Jin Shu", there are 14 volumes including "Xie Lingyun Collection". "Xie Lingyun Collection", 19 volumes (Liang 20 volumes, 1 recorded volume), has been lost. It has been lost since the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Xianji and others compiled Xie Lingyun's works from "Selected Works", "Yuefu Poetry Collection" and similar books, and Jiao Hong published it as "Xie Kangle Collection". Zhang Pu's "Collection of One Hundred and Three Families of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties" contains two volumes of "Collection of Xie Kangle". Yan Kejun's "The Complete Antiquity of Three Dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties" and Lu Qinli's "Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" are both compiled. Huang Jie has "Notes on Xie Kangle's Poems".