Let's talk about Liu Kezhuang first, and then talk about "Jianghu Poetry School".
Liu Kezhuang, whose first name was Zhuo, was condemned by thousands of people and was from Houcun. He is the author of The Complete Works of Mr. Houcun, and his ci collection includes Long and Short Sentences of Houcun Village and Biediao of Houcun Village. Putian county, Fujian province (now Putian city, Fujian province)
Liu Kezhuang was born in a noble family, and his grandfather and father were both scholars. They read widely since childhood, love to write poems, often write, and never have to make drafts. Even so, they showed the talent of scholars from an early age. Even so, before the age of 2 1, they took part in two scientific examinations, but unfortunately they were not admitted, so they gave up the scientific examination and concentrated on studying poetry.
There were many factors that failed in ancient scientific research, which did not affect his real talent and learning at all.
At the age of 2 1, I miss posthumous title Zhu, who has been dead for eight years. The official concerned is Zhu posthumous title: "Wen Zhong".
At that time, Liu Kezhuang's father was an assistant minister of the official department of the DPRK. When Liu Kezhuang heard about this, he felt that Zhu had done nothing politically, and his achievements were more in Neo-Confucianism. He thinks it unreasonable to call him "Wenzhong". One word "Wenzhong" is enough to sum up Zhu Yisheng's achievements. He told his theory in front of his father. His father also agreed, thinking that his son said. So I asked Liu Kezhuang to write a long argumentative essay with allusions and quotations, which was called by his father to the imperial court. As a result, this article was circulated among various officials and immediately caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition circles. Everyone discussed how well this article was written, with sufficient arguments, clear structure and convincing, and at the same time convinced Song Ningzong very deeply, so everyone wanted to know what Liu Kezhuang was like. Many powerful people knew Liu Kezhuang and posthumous title Zhu Weirong, and finally pushed aside the crowd and adopted Liu Kezhuang's suggestion, giving Zhu and posthumous title a "text", which was called Zhu Wengong in history.
When Liu Kezhuang was 22 years old, because his father worked in North Korea, he made great achievements and helped him become an official.
Isn't Yin the emperor who saw that his officials had made great contributions to the court and gave his descendants the qualification to be an official in the DPRK, without having to take the examination at the department level?
Jiang is an unofficial official name. In the Tang Dynasty, Jiang was the 29th and the lowest among civil servants, ranking below the Nine Grades.
Because Yin Bu's official position is generally not high, and he didn't pass the imperial examination, he is unpopular in officialdom and is often looked down upon. It is for this reason that Liu Kezhuang is particularly low-key and cautious in officialdom.
Or because of this reason, the officials of the Yin Department are often officials from other places, far away from the center of the imperial court, and the places they go to are not very good, and their positions are particularly low.
Liu Kezhuang, from 22 to 59 years old, has served as chief bookkeeper, recorder, Jianyang county magistrate, conscript officer and editor of Jing 'an (Jing 'an County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province).
The official position is very low and the treatment is very poor. I have seen the real life of the bottom people, the darkness and decay in the officialdom, and learned the true face of the world. In his poems, there are a lot of poems that reflect the bottom society, and some just express their own sadness, such as falling plums.
Later, because Liu Kezhuang became more and more famous in literature, at the age of 59, Song Lizong was born a scholar and served as the secretary of Shaodu. Judging from the four products, Liu Kezhuang's highest official position was Xiao Hongshu, who was at least the second product at that time. When I was old, I changed to a bachelor's degree in the official pavilion, and I didn't become an official until I was 83 years old. After his death, he was named "Wen Ding".
Here's a digression.
Friends who like history, or like reading the history of the Song Dynasty, may know that the words and expressions of Song Ci are not found in the whole history of the Song Dynasty, and the history of the Song Dynasty is the most verbose and the longest in the twenty-four histories.
Some little-known figures can go down in history, but Ci, the originator of forensic medicine, has no biography of himself.
As we all know, the Song Dynasty was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. In less than 100 years in the Yuan Dynasty, the internal court was very chaotic, the struggle was fierce, and the officialdom was extremely chaotic. It was not until the end of the Yuan Dynasty that the officials who revised the history books suddenly found that the history books of the previous dynasty had not been revised, so these officials began to make up their lives. It took only two or three years to complete the history of Song and Liao Dynasties. In addition to Song Ci, there are Gao Qiu, graceful poet Liu Yong, printmaker and scientist Bi Sheng who have no biographies.
A great part of our understanding of Song Ci in DaSong Tune Hall and Xi Yuan Lu comes from the epitaph of Song Jinglve, and the person who wrote the epitaph for Song Jinglve is Liu Kezhuang, a good friend of Song Ci.
Going back to Liu Kezhuang, because I have lived for a long time, and my works are numerous, rich in content and various. Most of them are works that discuss the current politics and reflect people's livelihood. I studied the late Tang style in my early years, and the poetic style of the late Tang style is more inclined to Jiangxi poetry school. His poems are deeply influenced by Xin Qiji, many of which are uninhibited and have obvious tendency of prose. These works are included in the complete works of Mr. Houcun.
First, the characteristics of Liu Kezhuang's poetic art can be divided into two periods. The early stage started from the late Tang Dynasty and the "Yongjia Four Spirits", and the style was exquisite, light and simple. Later, in order to broaden the realm of poetry, he abandoned the poetic style of the Four Spirits, and advocated the ancient style, Han Yu's poetic style, and moved closer to Lu You's bold poetic style, pursuing restraint, openness, anger and generosity.
Generous style.
Off-topic, most of Lu You's poems expressing his inner feelings are ancient styles, because ancient styles have no requirements for format, and they are more natural and smooth to write.
Liu Kezhuang finally learned Lu You because of the experience of officialdom and the cruelty of the world, which helped him to express his inner feelings, such as two poems written by northerners.
Tracing Lu You and Yang Wanli's magnanimity in the later period was painful and emotional. In depression and depression, there is a bleak mood.
Liu Kezhuang's poetry creation has experienced different styles, gradually formed its own characteristics, rich experience and broad layout, and formed a new poetic style or style, which is the greatest achievement among the Jianghu poets.
Liu Kezhuang's lyrics are based on social and political feelings. How worried, angry and sad, showing the sad vicissitudes of life.
For example, the following song:
Chen Wu is the best.
Does the poet have a blue shirt?
Today, I have lived for one million years (jiān)!
From then on, willows were no longer planted in the West Lake.
Planting mulberry leaves and raising silkworms.
Let's talk about Jianghu Poetry School.
Jianghu Poetry School is the most influential poetry school in the late Southern Song Dynasty, which was named after the Collection of Jianghu Poetry published by Chen Qi. Most of them were written by some ragged scribes wandering in the Jianghu. The rivers and lakes here do not refer to the rivers and lakes that people enjoy, but the wandering scribes scattered among the people.
They are more effective in creating "Yongjia Four Spirits", advocating the ingenious thinking of the late Tang Dynasty (Jia Dao and Yao He), preferring to lament, opposing the Jiangxi School's "thinking of books like poetry" and attaching importance to nothingness (it is better to invent and create their own poems than to add color to their previous allusions and artistic conception).
Representative poets: Liu Kezhuang, Dai Fugu, Fang Yue, etc.
Dai Fugu, named Shi Ping, was born in today's Zhejiang. He is the author of Shi Ping's poems.
The characteristics of Dai Fugu's poems are: paying attention to neatness in writing poems, striving for success through suffering, and having the saying of "Yongjia Four Spirits".
Focusing on the five laws, most of his five laws are about the world, and he likes to take a simple painting, which is clean, healthy and natural. Such as "The World".
There are many kinds of poems with different styles; There is no lack of concern for the country and the people.
Fang Yue, whose real name is Jushan, whose real name is Qiu Ya, is from Anhui province today, and is the author of Qiu Ya Collection. There are many works about rural scenery.
The style of poetry is mainly fresh, exquisitely carved, describing things in detail, and often producing novel and ingenious antitheses, skillfully organizing ordinary allusions and idioms into famous sentences.