Ma Shi is a set of five-character quatrains written by Li He, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, with 23 poems in all. Poetry expresses the genius, lofty aspirations, feelings and resentment of people with lofty ideals by praising, praising or lamenting the fate of horses, and its expression is concrete.
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Brief introduction of the author
Ma Shi CP extension
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Work information
Name: Horse
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original work
Mashi
one
The fur pattern of the dragon horse is like a copper coin, and the white hoof gallops like stepping on a cloud.
But no one weaves a splendid picture, and who will cast a Jin Lu for it.
Secondly,
In winter, grass roots are sweet, and on the way to Beijing, snow is like salt.
I don't know if my mouth is hard or soft, but I need the title of Tribulus terrestris [1] first.
third
I suddenly remembered Zhou Muwang, the son of the emperor, and drove on the Yushan Mountain.
Leave the amusement park with Zou, and Hongji can gallop to the horizon.
Fourth.
This horse is extraordinary, and the house star is the star.
Tap the fine bone forward, and it will bring its own copper sound.
Fifth.
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Why do you want to be a golden brain? Let's step on the clear autumn.
Sixth.
Hungry bones stop teeth, coarse hair wears flowers.
Liye's burnt beads faded, her hair was broken and the saw grew numb.
Seventh.
Ximu Liquor will stop, and East Wang Mi has dried up.
If the king swallows it, who will drag the shaft?
Eighth.
That horse, red, is useless, but Lu Bu can ride it.
I heard that Xiao Guo Frog, a beautiful boy, can be controlled.
Qijiu
To raise Liu, the dragon master has passed away in a hurry, and no one has cultivated English.
Frost on a cold night has crushed the stables, and the horse's back in the west wind has been crushed.
tenth
Urge Dan to cross the Wujiang River (3) The gods cry.
Now that the king has solved the sword (4), where can he chase the hero?
Eleventh session
The horse was given to the imperial secretary, and the silver shovel stabbed Kirin.
At noon, salt sat on the table and rubbed the dust.
twelfth
At the beginning of bamboo approval, peach blossoms were not on the upper body.
He must stir the array and use it to show the general.
Thirteen
The Baojun family is famous for its chivalrous character.
Heap gold to buy your bones and send them to King Xiang of Chu.
fourteenth
Sweet and fragrant, the dragon frowned.
Looking back at strangers in the south, who can't meet spring?
Fifteenth
How can you be at a loss if you don't hunt from Huan Gong?
Once out of the ditch, look at the clouds.
One-sixteenth
Tang Jian beheaded Sui Gong, and the fist was sent to Taizong [5].
Don't be too heavy, catch the wind.
qiqi
The white iron file is blue [6], and the fine sand falls between the anvil.
The world pity the thin neck, but gold fears the long teeth.
Seventy-eight
Bole came up and saw that this is a swift horse, and its hair grows on its abdomen!
Only today, when will the green hills be green?
It's nineteen o'clock
Xiao Si packs horses, Yuan Congzhu comes.
There are good things in the air, so I can't read the chapter.
twenty
The encirclement is like a swallow's tail, and the sword is like a fish intestine.
If you want to travel thousands of miles, you should first look out for the light.
twenty-one
Temporary horse, fairy in the color building.
What happened to Gaozhou?
twenty-two
When I arrived at the Wangs, I woke up Heluan.
When you gallop on the sea, you are regarded as a green mule.
Twenty three
Emperor Wu loves immortals and burns gold to get purple smoke.
The stables are full of meat horses and don't understand the sky.
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Annotation of works
(1) Desert: It originally refers to desert, here refers to Yuan Ye in the north. Yanshan Mountain: refers to Yanran Mountain, which is the hometown of good horses in the northwest, and is now in the north of Hebei. Desert and Yanshan Mountain are the hometown of horses. Hook: machete, an ancient weapon, shaped like a crescent moon.
(2) When: When is it possible? Jin Luo nao: The bridle with gold inlaid shows the luxury of harness. "Shang Mo Singing" Han Yuefu: "Golden Wind Horses."
(3) Wujiang River: One is East River.
(4) Wang: Be my king.
5. Boxing: replace "boxing" with "Mao".
[6] File: Use a file to grind things.
(7) Gold: refers to the luxurious riding and shooting range.
⑻: sound pó u.
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selected works
Ma Shi (1)
The fur pattern of the dragon horse is like a copper coin, and the white hoof gallops like stepping on a cloud.
But no one weaves a splendid picture, and who will cast a Jin Lu for it.
The first word "dragon" has written that this horse is unusual. It has a strange appearance and a pattern of money on its back. It is undoubtedly a good horse with strong physique and silver hooves. No one appreciates even a good horse. It's no use weaving brocade into a golden whip. Just sad.
Ma Shi (2)
In winter, grass roots are sweet, and on the way to Beijing, snow is like salt.
I don't know whether my mouth is hard or soft, whether to touch the tribulus or to eat it.
There is no grass to eat in the twelfth lunar month, only grass roots speak to satisfy their hunger, but they are also buried under salt and snow. Hungry, which pipe entrance is just soft. In this case, even the grass roots have become sweet, but how do we know that it is still a thorny thistle? The hunger of horses is still the hunger of people, and the plight of horses is still the plight of people.
Ma Shi (4)
This horse is extraordinary, and the house star is the star.
Tap the fine bone forward, and it will bring its own copper sound.
This poem about horses is of good quality, but not good. Describing people and themselves by imitating things is a beautiful writing method of "using topics".
The first sentence comes straight to the point, telling the truth, affirming and emphasizing that the poem shows an exceptionally good horse. The sentence is straight, and there is really not much poetry.
At first glance, the second sentence "Fangxing is a local star" seems to repeat the meaning of the first sentence. "Fangxing" refers to a horse, which means that Fangxing is the star in the sky, which means that this horse is not a vulgar thing. If the meaning of this sentence is limited to this, it is almost exactly the same as the first sentence, then it is a mistake to repeat it. There are only four sentences in the poem. If the first sentence is plain and the second sentence is repeated, then half of the poem is plain and worthless. However, if you chew it carefully, you will find that the second sentence is unique, only deliberately obscure and tortuous. There is a passage in the Book of Jin Tian: "The four stars in the room, also known as Tianma, are the main drivers. Fang Xingming is the king. " It directly links "Gongxing" and "Wang", that is to say, the situation of horses is closely related to the light and shade of the king and the chaos control of the country. Since the quality of the horse is good or bad, it goes without saying that the king is nameless and ignores political affairs. This is a kind of "infiltration method", through twists and turns, its practical meaning far exceeds the literal meaning.
Write three or four sentences about the shape and quality of horses. If the first two sentences are mainly based on judgment and reasoning, lacking vivid images, then the last two sentences are just the opposite, vivid and expressive, and express their ideas completely with images and expressions. Li He writes poems and is good at capturing images. These two sentences are outstanding examples. The writing of "skinny" shows the situation of horses; "Copper tone" describes quality and reflects the quality of horses. The thin horse indicates that the situation is not good. In the eyes of ordinary people, it is just a tired ordinary horse. Only those who really love horses and are good at watching them will not regard them as ordinary horses. "Knock thin bones forward and bring your own copper sound." Although the situation is not good, it has been tossed, but there is still a copper sound. The word "copper tone" is rich and dignified, with a three-dimensional sense. It also contains many meanings: the music of copper shows the Excellence of musical instruments, vividly shows the strength and excellent quality of horses, and makes the inner things appear as audible, visible, sensible and knowable objects. "Quality" is abstract, and "sound" is elusive. It's all "empty" things. It's really not easy to write empty words. We should turn them into reality. The poet only used five words to do it, and the visualization technique can be said to have reached the level of perfection. What is particularly commendable is that poetry creates a profound artistic conception of the relationship between things and me through the description of horses. The poet's talent is unsatisfied and his situation is bleak, just like this thin horse. When he writes about horses, he just expresses his pent-up resentment gracefully.
Ma Shi (6)
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn.
This poem seems to be about horses, but in fact it is lyrical. The poet sighed because he was eager to make great achievements for his country, but he was not appreciated.
This article writes that a good horse is famous for its vast border, so it can go forward bravely and only know its name. The word "he dang" expresses hope. In the era when Li He lived, there were frequent wars in the buffer regions. The author uses a famous horse as an analogy, saying that although he is born with talent, he also has a place to use, but he still needs to cherish his talent. This is the basic intention of Li Hema's poems. In his short life, Li He has always cherished the heart of making contributions. To this end, he even preferred to join the army. But this ideal can never be realized, so there is always an air of sadness and indignation in his poems.
Generally speaking, the expression of Ma Shi's 23 poems belongs to metaphor. However, this poem has unique significance in the use of metaphor.
The first sentence and the second sentence show the unique frontier battlefield scenery. At first glance, it is the application of fu method: on the continuous Yanshan mountains, a bright moon is in the sky; Wan Li in Pingsha looks like a layer of white frost and snow in the moonlight. This ordinary person may only feel sad and cold battlefield scene, which has unusual attraction for those who are determined to serve the country. The Moon in Yanshan Mountain is Like a Hook, and Xiao Yue hangs a jade bow as a curtain (the sixth in Nanyuan). "Hook" is a machete, and both are weapons. It is associated with the image of weapons from the bright crescent moon, which means thinking about fighting. Zhenyuan, Yuanhe period, where the author lived, was a period when the buffer region was extremely domineering, and the Jimen area in Youzhou implied by "Yanshan Mountain" was the zone where the buffer region ravaged for the longest time and caused the most disasters, so the poems were quite realistic. Thinking about war is also targeted. Sha Xue's flat battlefield is chilly, but it is a place where heroes can play. So these two sentences are lyrical and tangible.
Three or four sentences: when can I put on a mighty saddle and gallop on the battlefield in the crisp autumn to establish meritorious deeds? "Ma Shi" says: "The dragon's back is tied with iron, and the silver hoof is covered with smoke. No one tapestry, who is the golden whip? " The lament of "no one has brocade" and "what should I do" To express the same meaning is to hope that a good horse can be used as a good horse. "Golden brain", "brocade" and "golden whip" all belong to precious saddles, symbolizing the importance of horses. This is the cry of the author who is eager to make achievements but is not appreciated.
This poem, like Nanyuan, is an eager desire to join the army, pacify the provinces and serve the country. But South Garden is a direct expression of the soul, and this poem belongs to allegorical or figurative style. It is more exciting to express one's mind directly; And with contrast, you will feel elegant and intriguing. In one or two sentences of the poem, it is also a comparison to use snow as a metaphor for sand and hook as a metaphor for the moon; It is also fun to write from a characteristic scenery and lead to lyricism. In a short span of twenty crosses, we can see the interest in comparison, and there is a ratio in interest, which greatly enriches the expressive force of poetry. Syntactically, the last two sentences are completed in one go, starting with the question "What should I do", which strongly conveys infinite expectations and has a sigh; The word "Step in the Clear Autumn" is full of vigor and novel collocation. It is covered with "clear autumn" grass and yellow horse fertilizer, and it is only driven by the word "go quickly". The image implies the graceful charm of the horse, which is just right: "Nothing wants and nothing wants, it is really worth life and death." Xiao Teng has this kind of behavior, and ten thousand run amok "(Du Fu's Fang Bing Cao Huma). Therefore, the practice of choosing words and making sentences is also a successful factor that cannot be ignored in the artistic expression of this poem.
Main idea of the poem: In the Yanshan desert (intertextuality here), the moon is like a silver hook, and under the moonlight, the dust is like snowflakes. When can I ride my armored fast horse and gallop freely in the clear autumn?
History of Horse (Part VIII)
That horse, red, is useless, but Lu Bu can ride it.
I heard that Xiao Guo Frog, a beautiful boy, can be controlled.
The fruit horse is three feet high and can be used to come down from the fruit tree. Qi Jun's horses can't be controlled by people who are not athletic, and the dismounted horses can also be controlled by barbarians. This is the proud words of Qi Jun people and their yearning for Lu Bu.
History of horses (part 9)
To raise Liu, the dragon master has passed away in a hurry, and no one has cultivated English.
Frost on a cold night has crushed the stables, and the horse's back in the west wind has been crushed.
Uncle Zhu likes dragons, loves them and is good to them. Now my uncle has left in a hurry, the horses are deserted, the west wind is heavy in first frost, and the crib collapses and cracks. In ancient times, dragons and horses were more than eight feet long. There is no doubt that the horror of a horse is more painful than that of a dragon.
Ma Shi (Part 11)
The horse was given to the imperial secretary, and the silver shovel stabbed Kirin.
At noon, salt sat on the table and rubbed the dust.
Sakamoto, named after the salt-hauling car of Maxima. For ladies-in-waiting, you can add Kirin and silver shovel to your body, and you can also eat beautiful things, and the treatment is even better! And maxima, standing in the midday sun, trampled on the salt pan and died of dust! The contrast is strong and the artistic conception is clear.
Ma Shi (13)
The Baojun family is famous for its chivalrous character.
Heap gold to buy your bones and send them to King Xiang of Chu.
Ranger, wearing a treasure is even more chivalrous and fragrant. If you have a daughter and get a handsome bone, you will want to take it to realize my dream of helping the king.
Wu Chu complex often appears in Li He's poems, which may be similar to the dream experience of gathering and dispersing in the Tang Dynasty.
Ma Shi (Part 19)
Xiao Si packs horses, Yuan Congzhu comes.
There are good things in the air, so I can't read the chapter.
Liang Wudi built a Buddhist temple and ordered Xiao Ziyun to write a book called Xiao Temple. Later generations also called this Buddhist temple Xiao Temple. Zhangtai, the palace of Qin Dynasty. Zhu Zhima, empty and good, has been loaded, and it is too late to be a chapter.
Ma Shi (Part 22)
When I arrived at the Wangs, I woke up Heluan.
When you gallop on the sea, you are regarded as a green mule.
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Li, an alchemist, was seen riding a green mule at the water's edge more than 100 days after his death. Hearing this, Emperor Wu opened the coffin, which was empty. Green mule, accompanied by Luan driving before his death, is immortal after his death.
Ma Shi (No.23)
Emperor Wu loves immortals and burns gold to get purple smoke.
The stables are full of meat horses and don't understand the sky.
This is an intriguing satire. The poet describes the present with the past and expresses serious and profound themes with humorous and spicy pen and ink.
The first two sentences are about Emperor Wu seeking immortality through alchemy. Emperor Wu wanted to live forever, so he ordered an alchemist to make alchemy sand into gold, which cost a lot. It turned out to be just a wisp of purple smoke. The word "de" seems ordinary, but it carries a lot of weight. It mercilessly lashed and satirized the absurd behavior of seeking immortality through alchemy, and won the wonderful praise and criticism of One Word. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was obsessed with immortal dreams, and an alchemist only got plumes of purple smoke. He didn't understand that all the horses kept in the stable were meat horses and ordinary horses, and they couldn't ascend to heaven at all.
The last two sentences are about horses, which follow the poem closely. "The stables are full of meat horses, and heaven forbid." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was eager to ascend to heaven and become immortal, did not raise a heavenly horse that could "fly clouds" and "catch the wind", but let useless "meat horses" flood the stables. It is very accurate to describe horses as mediocre and inferior with "meat horses". Because it is a "royal horse", it has excellent food and shelter conditions and is fed fat and heavy. Such a horse has difficulty running on the ground, and it is impossible to ride to the sky. These two sentences have profound implications. In addition to suggesting that Emperor Wu's dream of seeking heaven was shattered immediately, it also implied that talented and knowledgeable people were abandoned at that time, and mediocre and incompetent people were promoted one by one, stealing high positions and serving as imperial courts. I want to ask: how can we rely on these people to make the country rich and strong and realize the political ideal of Qingming? This poem satirizes the superstition and fatuity of the supreme ruler at that time, which is rare in Li He's works, because he used inhumanity, hidden in the wind and rich in connotation, which made him "laugh" and made people relaxed and refreshed. [2]
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Brief introduction of the author
Portrait of Li He [3]
(790 ~ 8 16) Tang Dynasty poet. The word is long and auspicious. Fuchang (now Yiyang, Henan) was born. Originally from Longxi, he claimed to be "Longxi Changji". Family Fuchang Changgu, later called him Li Changgu. Together with Li Changji, Gui Cai, Shi Gui, Li Changgu and Li Fengli, they are called "Li Sanjia" in the Tang Dynasty, while Li Bai and Li Shangyin are also called "Li Sanjia" in the Tang Dynasty. Claiming to be Longxi Changji, Fat Sister Shuke, Emperor and Sun of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Changji. Li Hezu, a native of Longxi, was born in Fuchang County Valley (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan Province). Lived in Changgu, Fuchang, and was later called Lichanggu. He is thin, with a huge nose, eyebrows and long fingers and claws. Frustrated by his career, he devoted all his energy to writing poems. When he went out, he hurt his waist and wrote a poem Seeing that he was struggling to write poetry, his mother scolded, "It is his son's duty to express his heart." Li Liang is a descendant of the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. Although his wealth declined, Li He was ambitious, studious and well-read, and successfully passed the Henan Provincial Examination, and obtained the qualification of "Xianggong Jinshi". Li He's competitors vilified him, saying that his father's name was Jin Su, so he should avoid his father and not promote Jinshi. Han Yu once made a "taboo debate" to refute the shameless Ao Bu and encourage Li He to take the exam. However, there is no choice but to "meet the dog with the fan, and the knowledge is sloppy." The officials in the Ministry of Ritual are stupid and untidy. Although Li He should have gone to Beijing, he failed to pass the exam and was insatiable. I have been in pain and sick all my life. I worked as a servant in Jiupin Guan Wei for only three years, and died of illness at the age of 27. Li He is a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and also a representative of the transition period from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems lament the untimely birth, feel depressed and express the pursuit of ideals and ambitions; It reflects the situation that the vassal region was divided, the eunuchs were authoritarian and brutally exploited the people. He likes to gallop in fairy tales and ghost lands, and with his bold and peculiar imagination, he builds a ups and downs artistic realm and expresses his short and fleeting sentimental feelings, so he is called "Shi Gui" by later generations. Li He is a descendant of Li Liang, a royal family in the Tang Dynasty, but his family has declined. He has "fine eyebrows, long fingers and long claws" and can write poems in his childhood. At the age of 65,438+05,65,438+06, like his predecessor Li Yi, he became famous for his poem Gong Yuefu. Li He's father is called Jin Su, and "Jin" and "Jin" are homonyms. The man contending with Li He said that he wanted to avoid his father's taboo and refused to learn. Han Yu's "taboo discrimination" encouraged Li He to take the exam, but in the end he would not get the first place. Later, I was a Li Lang for three years, and I was not happy. During my stay in Beijing, I lived in Chongyili and became close friends with Wang Shenyuan, Yang Jingzhi, Quan Kun and Cui Zhi. I often travel together. A little slave rides a donkey with a broken tool kit. Li Hede has a poem, that is, write it in a schoolbag and finish it when you get home. Zheng's mother's wife often says, "It's your son's duty to express his heart." . After resigning, he returned to Changgu and stayed in Luzhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi) for a while. He was sickly all his life and died at the age of 27. Li He once edited his anthology. There is an annotated collection of Li He's poems.
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Ma Shi CP
It is the abbreviation of the pairing of Ma Guma and Shi B in the work Jiang, also known as Lady, and it is BL pairing.
Attacking party
Name: Maguma
Gender: male
Age: 17 maguma birthday: 2. 19 (Pisces)
Height: 179CM
Weight: 64KG
Personality: loyalty, friends, trust,
Identity: traveler
Nicknames: MGM, Mark.
Ability: Transform material properties with both hands.
PS: A teenager with a mysterious missing brother embarked on a journey to find his missing brother, with strong will and courage.
Defense
Name: Shi Yi.
Gender: male
Age:16th birthday: not mentioned in the whole article.
Height: shorter than Maguma 170~ 175CM.
Personality: calm, intelligent and helpful.
Identity: the champion of the senior high school entrance examination
Nickname: Champion Jun, Poet Niang
Ability: unknown (the paper crane once suspended in the air came out of the maze. )
PS: Good at reasoning and analysis, male, but feminine in appearance.