What do "Bi" and "Xing" mean in poetry?

It's a long story There was a scholar named Mao in the Han Dynasty. He didn't know his name. Some people say it's Mao Heng, others say it's Scapharca, but I can't figure it out. According to legend, it is called Mao Gong. Mao Gong studied the Book of Songs and gave each poem a theme called Preface to Poetry. At the beginning, there was a general preface, so the second was fu, the third was comparison, the fourth was prosperity, the fifth was elegance, and the sixth was fu. "His six-meaning poems are actually the style and creative method of poetry." Style, elegance and praise "are the three major functions of poetry, and their styles are different because of their different functions. The Book of Songs is an ancient collection of poems, which is compiled according to the three functions of "style, elegance and praise". This seems to be known to everyone. Later, when Zheng Xuan annotated The Book of Songs, he often placed a bet on the first chapter of the poem: "Starry Night", but never released "Bi Ye" or "Ye Fu". He thinks that He Fu is well known and there is no need to list them one by one. Only xing, he also made a special explanation: "xing is a metaphor." The meaning is endless, so the topic is Xing .. He especially points out the poems written by the method of Xing, so that readers can understand the difference between Bi and Xing. Since then, the writing of China's classical poems has been explained by three words: Fu, Bi and Xing. Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long contains an essay Quan Fu and another essay Bi Xing, which describe these three words in detail.

Fu, paving, paving, collecting articles, freehand brushwork.

Comparison-what is comparison? Cover with attachment, threaten with cutting.

Xingbi, attached. Xing, also. Attached to the class refers to things, from the micro discussion. Emotionally speaking, therefore, the body is established; Attached to the principle, the proportion is subject to life. In contrast, anger is accumulated condemnation words, while prosperity is based on irony. Because of the different meanings at any time, poets have two ambitions.

These explanations are limited by the style of the people of the Six Dynasties and are not clear enough today. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote The Book of Songs, and he marked "Ye Fu", "Bi Ye" or "Starry Night" under each poem. He also gave a concise definition of each word:

Fu, talk frankly about Chen Qi.

Compare-compare, compare this thing with another.

Star, say something else first, so as to cause the lyrics to be sung.

In today's words, Fu is a positive description of something, which can be exaggerated and exaggerated in rhetoric. Comparison is comparing one thing with another. Xing is to tell one thing first, which will cause something to be used in the theme. Among these three creative methods, Fu is the simplest, but it is similar to Xing, and it is difficult to distinguish in some works. Liu Xie also said: "Comparison is implicit." He once used "Fu and Xing Ye" or "Bi and Xing Ye", which shows that he is not easy to define. Therefore, we should pay attention to these three words, especially the comparison and prosperity. We can say that "Bi" is a direct metaphor and "Xing" is an indirect metaphor. Metaphorically, they are the same. Therefore, in the terminology of literary criticism, "Bi Xing" means to explain an abstract ideological concept with concrete images, which is the so-called thinking in images.