The Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty - refers to the four great painters of the Yuan Dynasty: Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Their creations embody the highest achievements of Yuan Dynasty landscape painting. The four painters have their own distinctive personality characteristics and all have the style of Yuan Dynasty landscape painting. They emphasized the organic combination of poetry, calligraphy, and seals. They were typical literati paintings and had a great influence on Ming and Qing paintings.
Huang
A painter and calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty in China, one of the four great masters of the Yuan Dynasty. His original name was Lu Jian, derived from the s surname of Huang Zhejiang Yongjia. His surname was very long, such as Yifeng, Taoist Dachi, Jingxi Old Man, etc. The origin of his name and character is quite interesting. After Huang's father had a son, a friend came to congratulate him and said: Huang'er has been here for a long time! Therefore, Huangfu named it Wang Gong, using a very long character. Changshu people. He was once a minor official who was imprisoned for his involvement. After being released from prison, he lived a secluded life and became a follower of Quanzhen Taoism. He is good at calligraphy, poetry, and Sanqu, and has made great achievements. After the age of 50, he began to paint landscapes and studied under Zhao Meng_, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Hao Jing, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, etc. And in his later years he changed his approach and became his own family. His paintings focus on imitating nature, and he often carries paper and pen to depict natural scenery such as Yushan, Sancha, Jiufeng, and Fuchun River. Using cursive brushwork in calligraphy, the painting has two sides: ink and light crimson. The pen and ink are simple and profound, the style is vigorous and lofty, and the momentum is majestic. Huang's paintings had a great influence in the late Yuan, Ming, Qing and modern times. In the history of painting, he is known as the four Yuan painters along with Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. The art of landscape painting explains the principles, techniques, layout, artistic conception, etc. of painting. There are pictures of living in Fuchun Mountain, pictures of nine peaks and snow, pictures of jade trees on Danya, pictures of stone walls in Tianchi, pictures of rain in Xishan, pictures of visiting Dai in Yanxi, etc. Many of Huang's landscape paintings of Fuchun River, created after he was 70 years old, include Fuchun Dalingtu, which is 636.9 centimeters long and 33 centimeters high. It depicts the autumn scenery along the Fuchun River in southern China with ink techniques. When he was conceiving, he traveled to both sides of the Spring River, and it took him six or seven years to draw it. This painting shows an elegant style and it is extraordinary. He advocates learning from his predecessors in terms of his creative style, and proposes to sketch as long as he sees good landscapes, rather than passively painting. As a prominent and wealthy literati painter, Wang paid more attention to pure painting language. His crazy mentality of art for art's sake is worth learning by future generations.
Zhenwu was poor all his life and once made a living by selling divination. Few people knew about his lonely temperament, seclusion and masturbation, and little contact with scholars and gentry. He is erudite and aloof, so it is not easy for him to draw until he starts. He said it would never happen again in twenty years, and then he became really famous. He writes cursive script, can compose poetry, and is good at ink landscape painting. He has many works, including the Picture of Living in the Fuchun Mountains, the Picture of the Fisherman, the Picture of Spring Dawn on the Qingjiang River, and the Picture of Fishing Hiding on the Qiujiang River. and other works. Among them, the picture of two pines in the distance reflects his longing for nature and seclusion.
Ni Zan, a painter and poet in the Yuan Dynasty. Say the first name. The first name is Yutai, the second name is Yunlin after the town, also known as Yunlin, or the scattered people of Yunlin, also known as Jingmanmin, Jingming Jushi, Zhuyang Guanzhu, Samantabhadra Xianxianqing, Huan Xiazi, Donghai Nong, Wusheng Patriarch, Juetingzi, Ququansuo, Canghaimanshi, Lazy Zan, Donghai Zan, Huan Xiazi. Wuxi people. It lives in Suotuo, Wuxi, with many trees. Its hall is named Yunlin, because it is named after Yunlin. He has never been an official in his life, and his family is a famous and wealthy family in Wuzhong. But Ni Zan was unwilling to take care of production and called himself Lazy Zan, also known as Ni Yu. If you have a good sex life, take a towel and wash it several times a day, and wash the trees in front of and behind the house frequently. There are thousands of books at home, all handwritten. Specializing in landscapes, bamboos, rocks, dead wood, etc. His landscape paintings were developed after imitating Dong Yuan, Hao Jing, Guan Tong and Li Cheng. His painting method is simple and simple, and his painting style is innocent and tranquil. Most of his works depict the scenery around Taihu Lake. The compositions are plain and there are very few scenery. Most of them are sparse forests and slopes, with shallow water and distant mountains. Use the pen to turn the center into the wings, fold the ribbon to draw mountains and rocks, use dry brush and dry ink, which is elegant and elegant, with a desolate artistic conception, cold and ethereal, and a simple and transcendent style. Zhu Mo Xiaoshuang Li Qing. Painting advocates expressing subjective feelings and believes that painting should express the author's relaxed mood without seeking form. It is said that he is a so-called painter who was born as a servant, but he does not seek form, but only seeks to entertain himself. His painting practice and theoretical views had a great influence on literati painters of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and he enjoyed a high reputation. In the history of painting, he is known together with Huang, Zhenwu and Wang Meng. Calligraphy, good at regular script, beautiful and elegant ancient style, style of Wei and Jin people. The works include: Eight Scenes of Jiahe, Fisherman's Picture, Mountain View on the River Bank, Bamboo Trees and Wild Rocks, Streams and Mountains, Six Gentlemen, Bamboo Dwelling in Water, Pavilion in Pine Forest, Lion Grove, Zen Room in the West Forest, etc. Pictures of cold pine trees, pictures of autumn forest and mountain colors, pictures of spring rain and new bamboos, pictures of bamboo trees on hillsides, pictures of Rong Xi Zhai, pictures of repairing bamboos, etc. There are pictures of purple orchid mountain house, pictures of bamboos and beautiful rocks, pictures of poems written by new wild geese, pictures of bamboo dwellings in water, pictures of Rongxi Zhai, pictures of fisherman's house in autumn, pictures of Yushan forest gully, etc. Wang Mian, "Pictures of Cold Pines in a Quiet Stream", said that Ni Zan's toothpicks filled the room with books on Sunday, and the colorful pens for cigarette paintings filled the floor.
Wang Mengyuan painter. Shu Ming, courtesy name Xiangguang layman, was born in Huzhou. Wang Mengneng's poetry and calligraphy. Especially good at painting landscapes, he studied the methods of Zhao Mengxu, with Dong Yuan and Ju Ran as his ancestors. The scenery is dense and the layout is full of mountains and rivers. It makes good use of knotted lines and moss spots to express the vast atmosphere of the forest. Beyond mountains and rivers, he can also be a character. He had a great influence on the landscape paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, second only to Huang, and his descendants are also known as Huang, Zhenwu and Ni Zan. The handed down masterpieces Autumn Pavilion with Glorious Trees and Strange Rocks and Clusters are collected by the Shanghai Museum; the National Palace Museum in Beijing; and the National Palace Museum in Taipei.