When we talked about the brief introduction of Song Ci, we said that Song Ci can be divided into several schools (student: two schools, bold and graceful). The representatives of the uninhibited school are (Su Shi and Xin Qiji), and the representatives of the graceful school are (Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao).
Legend has it that Su Shi once asked a good singer, "What is my word like Liu Qi (Liu Yong)?" The man replied, "Liu Langzhong's words are only composed of 178 girls, holding a red tooth plate and singing' Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue'. If you are a bachelor, you must be a big man in Kansai, singing the' River of No Return'. " From this, we can know the different characteristics of the two schools. ..
What word does "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue" come from that can make Su Shi compete with one of them (born: Yu Linling)?
Today, we are going to learn this song "Yulinling" (blackboard writing).
A story about Liu Yong
Liu Yong, formerly known as trilateral, ranked seventh, known as Liu Qi. As a teenager, he went to Bianjing to study for the exam. Because he is good at lyrics, he is familiar with many geisha and writes lyrics for them, showing a prodigal style. At that time, it was recommended by Injong, and Injong approved four words: "Write lyrics." After such a blow, Liu Yong has no way out. Cities such as Hangzhou lead a wandering life. It was only when the "crazy feeling" faded away in his youth that he changed his name to Liu Yong, was admitted to Jinshi, and became a small official in Tonglu and Dinghai, Zhejiang. He died in Runzhou (Zhenjiang County, Jiangsu Province) in his later years. When he died, there was little money left at home, and Qun Ji and Jin were buried in the south gate.
He is proficient in temperament, turning the old into the new, and created a large number of slow words suitable for singing on the basis of poems in Tang and Five Dynasties. The tune of this word is Lin Yuling, an old song copied from the Tang Dynasty. According to Huang Ming Miscellaneous Records, during the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty took refuge in Shu, heard the ringtone of his mobile phone in the rain on the plank road, and thought of Yang Guifei. "Yu Lin was chosen as his spokesman."
Second, the overall perception.
1 Fan Duling.
(Let the students feel the emotional tone of the words)
Teacher: Can you feel the emotional tone of this poem?
Health: Yes. Sad, sad, sad. (written on the blackboard)
Guide reading.
We have talked about several key points to grasp in poetry reading. First, you must read the correct pronunciation;
Secondly, it depends on the rhythm. Song ci is not as uniform as Tang poetry, and every sentence is different. Then pay attention to the rhyming pronunciation, and be short and clear. Lead students to try reading and divide the rhythm.
The most important thing is the reading experience, which everyone felt just now. Let's try again and experience it for ourselves.
Students can read freely-meaning students read-students read together.
3 dredge words: (Some notes are not included in the explanation. )
Cicada: Cicada, which is just cold in early autumn, occasionally chirps, but it is short and weak, and then becomes silent in late autumn.
Smoke wave: Smoky, choppy water surface.
No mood: ancient, no thoughts. Today, there is no clue.
Think about it: think about the future ... ("do what you want").
It should be: even if.
Third, appreciate
Students read and think by themselves: from the perspective of time, how should the level of this word be divided?
Clear: not in the front, not in the back. (blackboard writing)
Teacher: The important feature of this word is the combination of situation and reality. When appreciating Chinese characters, pay attention to what is the scene, what is the emotion, what is the scene, what is the real writing and what is the imaginary writing.
Shangpian
"Cold cicadas wail, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest."
Teacher: Write down what love and scenery are in the first three sentences.
Health: Write about scenery.
Clear: Yes. Write other times and scenes. Point out the season, time, place and event. Outline the typical environment for lovers to leave.
Teacher: Where (pavilion), when (evening) and what season (autumn)?
What's it like to mention autumn (bleak)
In autumn, the scenery is bleak; It's getting late, the twilight is gloomy, and after the rainstorm, it's followed by chilling and sadness: what the poet sees and hears is everywhere-bleak. In addition, the sentence "Changting is too late" has a syntactic structure of one, two and one, which is very frustrating and swallowing, and more accurately conveys this bleak situation.
The first sentence sets the tone for the whole poem: "Worry".
"Everyone is not emotional when drinking, and the blue boat urges him to send it."
Teacher: What is this (about love)? Very tactful and tortuous. I want to drink without feelings, but I can't stay, and I am reluctant to go.
Couples bid farewell to him in the pavilion outside Doumen. However, in the face of wine and food, the poet is not in the mood. Q: Why is his mind thinking? He was focused on his lover, so he went on to say "homesickness, Lanzhou urges hair." These seven words describe the typical environment and typical psychology with concise pens: on the one hand, he maintains the strong love, on the other hand, Lanzhou urges him to make a fortune. How sharp the contradiction is.
Many ancient people described such environment and psychology.
Lin Bu's homesickness order said: "Your tears are full, my tears are full, and the knot is not finished, and the river is going to be flat." This is just a hint that the ship is about to start, and the lover is reluctant to give up. Liu Kezhuang Sauvignon Blanc says, "The smoke is far away and the water is far away. It is planned to be stationed by the river, and the boat people will report to the tide." Although it is obvious,
And then my back exploded.
"Holding hands and staring at each other with tears in my eyes, I was speechless and choked."
Teacher: This sentence is about modality. The language is popular and affectionate, and the image is vivid, just like now.
Inspire students to imagine this picture, visualize the language and then visualize it, so as to understand the artistic conception of the poem. (Hint: Two people stand face to face, shaking hands, eye to eye, with tears in their eyes. Raise your hand for a long time, and you feel the same. This is "silence is better than sound", and this is "relative silence, only a thousand lines of tears." Since it is so hard to bear, why did the poet leave? )
In later legendary operas, there is often such a lyric: "Tears are on the eyes, heartbroken people are on heartbroken people", which comes from it, but it is not as concise and powerful as Liu Ci. The poet was "speechless, choked and speechless." So what did the poet choke on?
"When I think about it, the smoke is Wan Li, and the dusk is heavy."
The sentence "think about it" is his inner monologue.
Teacher: What does this sentence say?
Health: Write about scenery.
The word "year" is particularly well used here. Is the word "nian" rising or falling (falling)? "nouns turn to a falling place, which is often used to sound a falling sound. If you don't go, you won't get excited." This word takes the word "year" as the main case, connecting the preceding with the following, indicating that there is a long way to go to imagine the future.
After the word "read" is used with the word "go", it shows more and more strong feelings. Reading word by word, I feel that the road is endless, and the road is Xiu Yuan, with harmonious colors and picturesque scenery. Called "smoke wave", "twilight" and "heavy", the coloring can be described as strong. The sky is "thousands of miles" and "wide", and the space is vast.
Remind students to imagine this picture: the author is standing by the river, looking far away. What he saw in front of him was the endless sea. The mountains in the distance were hazy, and layers of gray fog rose to the sea. The whole picture was gray, like a landscape painting. What kind of feeling does this picture give people (life: depression, depression)? The poet feels that the road ahead is boundless, and he will go further and further away from his beloved, and his heart will grow.
Xiapian
"Affectionate feelings have been hurt since ancient times, and it is more worthwhile to leave the Qing Autumn Festival in the cold."
Teacher: In the next film, I changed my avatar and wrote my own feelings, lamenting the eternal love. The main idea of the word "wounded separation" is named. The phrase "What's more, it was as cold as an autumn festival at that time" pushed it to a new level. What's more, I was in this cold and desolate autumn, and it was so unbearable! In Beppu, Jiang Yan said, "Only bid farewell to those who are dejected." Liu Yong integrated this feeling into his own poems to expand it, and set off his feelings of parting with "more memorable" than the ancients.
Teacher: What sentence does the word "Tomb-Sweeping Day" refer to?
Health: The first sentence is "cold and sad"
Teacher: "Before and After Care" once again points out the sad atmosphere of parting, which is more obvious and profound than the first three sentences.
"Where will I wake up from the wine tonight? Yang Liuan, morning breeze and waning moon. "
"Tonight" came one after another from the last sentence, and later became the object of Su Shi's victory. So what's good about it-there are pictures in the words and feelings in the scenery. Remind the students to imagine the picture: a boat docked, and the poet woke up from a drunken dream, only to see a breeze blowing the rustling willow, bending the waning moon and hanging the willow branches high. )
Contact the specific situation. The picture appears after "Sobbing Up", which makes people drown their sorrows, but raising a glass to drown their sorrows is even more worrying, and drinking is not in the mood. What's more, after waking up, the poet's picture of "holding hands and staring" is still vivid, but the road ahead is "a thousand miles of smoke", so you can imagine his feelings of getting farther and farther away from his lover.
Feel the color of the picture. The ancients had the habit of folding willows to bid farewell. "In the past, I was gone, and Yang Liu Yiyi." In addition, "willow" and "stay" are homophonic, and folding willow gives people the meaning of retaining. Therefore, when ancient literati wrote about parting, they often wrote about willows. The clear autumn breeze is cool, just in line with the bleak mood after parting. The cold image of the waning moon coincides with sadness.
Combined with the theme of the whole poem, the theme sentence of this word is "since ancient times, feelings have been hurt, and the autumn festival has been neglected even more." These two sentences describe the original intention of the whole article and are the text of the words. Where will I wake up tonight? Render the poet's ideas into a picture of a trip in late autumn. Three typical images of Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng and Canyue are listed.
Teacher: What is the tone of the whole picture?
Health: The whole picture is full of sadness.
Teacher: The coldness of the guests' feelings, the quietness of the scenery and the sadness of parting are all completely condensed in this painting. Compared with the last two sentences in the last movie, although they are both about scenery and sadness, the former seems to be splashing ink. However, here, it seems to be a small meticulous picture frame, which is beautiful. The poet adopted the stippling technique commonly used by painters. "Since ancient times, it is more worthy of being left out." The second issue shows that parting is cold; "Where Yang Liuan wakes up tonight, the wind rises and the moon falls." On the basis of the above two sentences, this parting sadness is further rendered. These four sentences are inseparable, set off each other and set off each other. If you insert another sentence in the middle, it will destroy the integrity of artistic conception and the unity of image.
"Over the years, it should be a good time and a good scene. Even if there are thousands of customs, who should I tell? "
The four sentences "I have been here for several years" constitute another situation. Because it is a scene above, it is changed to sentimental language here. On the day when they get together, they always feel happy when they have fun. But after another day, year after year, even if there are good days and scenes, it will not arouse the interest of appreciation, but will only increase the touch.
Teacher: The word "this way" should be read from a distance. The word "through the years" should be closer to "tonight". Time and thought are interlocking and advancing step by step.
"Even if there are many kinds of customs, who should I talk to?" Seeing love and leaving sadness is beneficial.
Ending with a question is more meaningful.
Summarizing the whole word in this way is like running to rein in the reins, which tends to live but not live; For another example, many people return to the sea, and things emerge one after another.
Teacher: Let's review the whole word. Love talk is about feelings, and scenery talk is not just about scenery. Every sentence contains infinite feelings. As the saying goes, "All scenery words are love words". When reading, pay attention to integrating feelings into the text characteristics of the scenery.
Then there is the combination of reality and reality. Everything you write is empty and real.
Think about the three paintings in the poem, giving people the feeling of sadness, helplessness and sadness. This is the characteristic of this poem and also the characteristic of graceful words.
Four tuberculosis
Today, we studied Yu Linling, the representative work of graceful words, focusing on the characteristics of combining emotion with reality. In addition, we also let everyone taste the images in the text and understand the author's feelings. On this basis, we can understand the style of graceful words.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a famous poet Liu Yong, who devoted his life to the creation of ci.
Around 987 AD, Liu Yongsheng was first called Liu Sanbian. Because it ranked seventh, it was named Liu Qi. As a foreign minister in wasteland, he was also named Liu wasteland. It is said that he was very talented since he was a child. He loved lyrics and music, and he was familiar with melody. He could play both instruments with holes and strings. When he was a teenager, he was very famous for writing lyrics. One year, he went to Bianjing (Kaifeng) to take the Jinshi exam and did well. When the list was about to be released, Song Renzong thought he lived wild, and with a stroke of a pen, he approved four words: "Go write lyrics", which removed him from the gold list and hindered his career promotion. In a rage, he simply hung up the signboard of "Liu Sanbian, ordered to write lyrics". Since then, he has been pestering musicians and geisha, composing and writing lyrics in a wandering life, and became the first professional poet. Frustrated all his life, he didn't change his name and surname until he was in his fifties, and he won the Jinshi. After that, I only worked as a few small officials. 1053 or so, he left this world in poverty and depression.
He wrote many words in his life, which were widely circulated. "Where there is a well to drink, you can sing Liu Ci." His ci poems mostly reflect the life of the citizens, and expand the world of ci expression from the subject matter, which is a contribution to the development of ci poetry. However, the ideological realm of this participle is not high, and it is often mixed with vulgar content. His famous sentences are those that express the feelings of wandering in the rivers and lakes and traveling in captivity.
Yulin Ridge is one of his representative works.
Cold and sad. The pavilion was late and the shower began to rest. All the doors are empty, the party is nostalgic, and the blue boat is urging. Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it. Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, chutiankuo. Love hurts and leaves since ancient times. What's more, it is a cold autumn festival. Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon. This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only. Customs are strange, who can you tell?
The world's first film was about the scene of parting. The first three sentences not only clarify the season, place, time and weather, but also render the sad atmosphere in the scene. "Cold cicada" has always been a typical object among autumn-sensitive figures, and poets use "sadness" to describe their singing, which is a technique of empathy. "Changting" is a metaphor for parting, which is a sad scene in the eyes of parting people. "Doumen" refers to Bianjing. "Not in the mood" is caused by "account drinking". "nostalgia" is reluctant, while "urging" is about to leave. The contradiction between subjective and objective pushes your parting to a climax, forcing you to express your feelings in a positive way. Just say "account drinking" and "not in the mood"; I am "nostalgic" and "urging" One meaning is endless, and then another meaning is changed. This kind of "half sentence and one turn" expresses the sad feelings in the language form. "Holding your hand, growing old with your son, crying without words", wrote an inseparable situation, and God kissed Xiao as if in front of him. It just conveys the infinite sadness in the characters' hearts, "choking": sad and choking, unable to speak. This kind of silent telling is more than talking! It's heartbreaking The last sentence runs through the word "year", and it is inferred from the scene before us that our journey is far away and the smoke is filled with thousands of miles. The scene is far wide, which also implies a state of mind that is lost after leaving others.
The next part is mainly about imagining other scenes. The bleak autumn wind, the vegetation shakes down; Parting is the saddest thing since ancient times, not to mention the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is the time for reunion. It's even sadder to leave the person you love now. If you are more sad, don't hate it. Poets radiate their instant feelings in the historical background since ancient times, thus adding more power to infect * * *. Tonight, ask yourself and answer yourself, and guess where you are after waking up. The author chooses a picture composed of willow, breeze and waning moon, which can best express his sadness and produce a sad mood. These two sentences are called "ancient and modern handsome sentences", and the artistic conception they create vividly shows the graceful and restrained style of Liu Ci's singing "only marrying 178 women and holding red teeth". The following four sentences of "visiting here" are further inferred from "tonight". Think of the future "Thousand Customs" from the upcoming "Thousands of Miles Away" and the future "Who should I talk to" from "Silent Sobbing". I put it right and describe my simple feelings in frank language, so it can be touching and become an eternal farewell word.
This is a long and slow word. Liu Yong is famous for speaking slowly. Literati always choose short and pithy lyrics, and seldom touch slow words. Liu Yong left a collection of movements of 194 words, including slow word 103, so later generations also called Liu Yong the pioneer of slow word.
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped.
All the doors are empty, the party is nostalgic, and the blue boat is urging.
The first few words, write the farewell scene by the canal after the shower in late autumn-evening-Changting.
Cicada refers to the cicada in late autumn, whose cry is piercing, which sets off the sad environment at that time;
The pavilion is a place where the ancients bid farewell to people who traveled far away. Generally, pavilions are located ten miles away from the county seat. The so-called "five miles and a short pavilion, ten miles and a long pavilion", the long pavilion should be an act of expressing feelings between relatives and friends with deep friendship. The so-called "long-distance delivery" is also the respect and attention for docking and sending people.
Doumen, it was explained that it should be the gate of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, where people drank and feasted. Not in the mood, not in the mood.
It seems that a "shower" just delayed the trip, but in late autumn, after the shower, the scenery will be even more bleak.
Facing the sunset glow after the rain in Changting, I have no intention to drink other wine; I'm stuck here, and the boat over there keeps pushing me on my way (because it's getting late)
Now read the first few words again-
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped.
All the doors are empty, the party is nostalgic, and the blue boat is urging.
Can you feel the scenery and mood described by the author?
A few words vividly describe a moving picture of autumn, which is not only affectionate, scenic, but also audio.
Autumn scenery is easy to give people a desolate and cold feeling. It is conceivable that in the autumn evening, after a shower, the Changting River in the suburb of 10 is a sad parting feeling, accompanied by chilling cries and the farewell of the scenery after the drizzle. The description of this scene has gone beyond the so-called "poetic", because it is not a static "painting", but a dynamic scene with sound emotion and scenery.
Let's start writing directly about the modality and emotion of the client-
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it.
Missing thousands of miles of smoke and waves, the evening is heavy.
In fact, these words are all based on the previous scenes, from euphemistic writing of scenery to direct expression of one's mind.
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it. This kind of scene description is very intuitive, can you feel the sadness of the parties? -Tears in your eyes, choking words, this is really silent!
People can't talk, only cicadas are chirping sadly. This echo is really necessary. In fact, people have voices, and this kind of "voice" is just a helpless surge and cry in the heart at this time, which is the "heartfelt voice" expressed by this word.
Note that the person who "holds hands and looks at each other" written by the hero here should be the confidante he met in the official tour, not the same-sex man, but generally the ancient brothel geisha. We can feel this after reading the poem.
Pay attention to the word "go" when you want to go a thousand miles. "Go" means to go far away. The two "walks" are superimposed together, which is very clever. It vividly says, "Thinking about you going further and further" and will soon disappear into the vast smoke. The dusk is heavy and the sky is boundless. -Dusk is heavy. Needless to say, it's already evening. At dusk, the fog began to get bigger. Chu Tiankuo, Chu Tiankuo, reveals the direction that travelers will take, which should be in the area of ancient Chu State (now Sichuan).
This is the voice of the people who saw me off. -I missed it before I left. -this shows the depth and lingering of my feelings.
These short twenty words not only describe people's superficial modality, but also write people's deepest concern.
The charm of ancient literati is unimaginable to contemporary people. Many famous nouns and phrases of ancient people in China were produced in the association with prostitutes and their confidantes. Perhaps it is this romantic experience that can brew such a romantic article.
The following sentence turns into a more straightforward lament, which is enough to arouse everyone's inner * * * vibration and * * * voice-
Affectionate since ancient times, parting hurts the body, and the cold autumn festival is even worse!
This is also a summary of all the previous descriptions of scenery and characters' modality.
Through the author's description of the scenery in the cold autumn season and the sadness of parting, people have realized the unbearable sadness. This sentence is naturally shouted out, and everyone can't help but be moved.
Further down—
Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? -Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng waning moon.
This is the voice of the traveler. I think I'm still a little drunk, but when I set foot on the journey? Woke up tonight, wouldn't it be even more bleak? Maybe it's dawn after midnight. When I wake up, I can only see the lonely and empty willows on the canal bank, the cool breeze at dawn and the bleak Leng Yue in the eastern horizon.
This scene writes the desolation after parting to the extreme, which is a famous sentence.
At the same time, readers can also find that travelers go from east to west; The person he misses is in the east, which is the direction where the waning moon appears. The waning moon also means deformity.
Pay attention to the ancients' careful observation and appreciation of life and natural things-the waning moon can only appear at the end of each month of the lunar calendar, and the waning moon can only appear before sunrise in the middle of the night, which just echoes the "Xiaofeng". At this point, while admiring, we should pay more attention to the rigor of the knowledge and knowledge learned from the ancients. As the saying goes, "When you read thousands of books, you write like a god." Writing skills should be accumulated over time, and whether they are thick or not will be shown through what you write.
The last few words-
After the New Year, it should be a good time and a good scene.
Even if there are thousands of customs in Qian Qian, who should I talk to?
This is the last time crying with despair. Travelers don't really leave this fashion. Everything was imaginary just now, but it's really time to leave. Let's pour out such a lament-how many years have I been gone? During this period, all the so-called "good days" are empty and meaningless to you and me.
It seems that this traveler regards seeing me off as his only confidant in his life. After reading this, I must have started talking about "confidante". You should believe it.
Appreciate this word, understand it, and put yourself in an ancient situation. Ancient officials (official tours) should follow the avoidance system and not be in their hometown. Therefore, in order to gain fame, many gifted scholars in ancient times generally traveled far and spent a long time "being a stranger in a foreign land". But the traffic conditions at that time could not be compared with those now. How many days does it take to walk a thousand miles by boat, on foot and on horseback? According to historical records, the Ming emperor spent several months traveling from Nanjing to Beijing. It is conceivable that long-distance travel meant a long distance at that time ... Only by being in the environmental conditions at that time can we deeply understand the artistic conception described in ancient poems.