202 1 What are the customs of the North-South Laba Festival?
Beijing
Eating Laba porridge in Beijing is the most exquisite, and the ingredients inside are also sufficient. There are also some red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, ginkgo and so on. , and not less than 20 kinds. Every household began to prepare Laba porridge on the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month and began to wash rice and fruit. Slowly simmer in the middle of the night, and you can eat a bowl of delicious Laba porridge the next morning.
Shanxi province
Although Shaanxi is in the north, its customs are somewhat similar to those in the south. After cooking Laba porridge, worship the ancestors first, and then send away relatives and friends. It will take some time, but it must be delivered before noon, so that people at home can eat it after delivery. In Shaanxi, Laba porridge is also distributed to the poor, which is good for them. In some places in Shaanxi that don't produce rice, I make a bowl of steamed bread on the morning of the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month to share with my family.
Gansu
Sulaba is the most important food in Gansu. On this day, five kinds of grains and vegetables will be cooked together and distributed to families, and the rest will be used to feed livestock. After eating Laba porridge, we will start frying dumplings and twists. Make another bowl of bean porridge, which is called "soaked bean porridge" in Gansu.
Laba Festival Customs in South China
Guangxi
In Guangxi province, Ciba is made in Laba Festival every year. The local Yao people soaked and steamed glutinous rice, then put it into a stone trough and stirred it repeatedly to make it into mud, and then kneaded it into glutinous rice. Do you think it's easy?
Guangdong
Laba Festival in Guangdong Province is very special. The atmosphere of Laba Festival in Guangdong is very light, because it has a lot to do with Guangdong's geographical location and living habits. In ancient Guangdong, farming was the main thing, and they all fished shrimp in the sea for a living. These ingredients for making Laba porridge are not artificially cultivated, and it is difficult for smart women to cook without rice. In those days when the traffic was very inconvenient, they couldn't eat. Therefore, there is no custom of drinking Laba porridge in most parts of Guangdong.
Some of them are in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province. They are Hakkas who brought the custom of Laba Festival from the north, but the ingredients used are different. Millet and red dates are used in the north, and lily and lotus seeds are used.
Fujian Province
It is very interesting to celebrate Laba Festival in Fujian: when drinking Laba porridge, you should put a lion made of fruit on the porridge, which means to ward off evil spirits. Some people will carve it carefully, making a lion's body out of crisp dates, a lion's head out of walnuts and a tail out of almonds. In some monasteries, colored fruits are also used to make the Eight Immortals and Lohan.
After laba porridge is cooked, you should worship God and ancestors first in the morning, and then give it to relatives and friends. After the delivery, the whole family will have a lively Laba porridge. Laba porridge can drive away cold and warm the stomach in winter, which is also very good for our health.
Hunan
In Changsha and other places, in addition to eating laba porridge, there is also a kind called laba bean. The cooked Laba porridge is sacrificed to ancestors and then distributed to family members to eat together. Leftover Laba porridge will also be kept for a few days, meaning "more than one year"
Laba porridge in Changsha is mainly sweet porridge, and the laba beans they eat are salty. In addition to Laba beans, in Laba Festival, eating fermented bean curd, beating gongs and drums and other customs.
The origin of Laba Festival
The most important festival in the twelfth lunar month is the eighth day of December, which was called "La Ri" in ancient times and commonly known as "Laba Festival". Laba is an ancient ritual to celebrate the harvest and thank ancestors and gods (including door gods, household gods, house gods, kitchen gods and well gods). Laba in Xia Dynasty was called Jiaping, Qing Sacrifice in Shang Dynasty and Da Wax in Zhou Dynasty. Because it is held in December, it is called the twelfth lunar month, and La Worship is called the twelfth lunar month. The twelfth lunar month in the pre-Qin period is the third day to the day after beginning of winter. Laba Festival is a festival to worship ancestors and gods and pray for good harvest and good luck. Later, Buddhism was introduced in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In order to expand its local influence, traditional culture attached to Laba Festival as the Buddha's enlightenment day. It is said that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, realized enlightenment on the eighth day of December, so Laba is also a Buddhist festival, called "Buddhist Enlightenment Festival".
At the same time, Laba Festival is also called Laba Festival, Laba Festival and Wanghoula Festival. It turns out that in ancient times, in addition to the activities of ancestor worship, Xinhua, Hunan Province also had sacrificial ceremonies to celebrate the harvest and thank ancestors and gods (including door gods, household gods, house gods, kitchen gods and well gods). Later it evolved into a religious festival to commemorate the enlightenment of Buddha Sakyamuni. The Xia dynasty called Lari "Jiaping", the Shang dynasty called it "moss" and the Zhou dynasty called it "big wax". Because it is held in December, it is called the twelfth lunar month, and La Worship is called the twelfth lunar month. The twelfth lunar month in the pre-Qin period was the third day after the establishment of the winter solstice, and it was fixed on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The meaning of "wax" in Laba Festival is:
1, "Puller, Ye Jie", which means the alternation of the old and the new (recorded in the Book of Rites of Sui Shu);
2. "Wax hunting and hunting together" means that wild hunting obtains animals to sacrifice ancestors and gods. "wax" is next to "meat", which means "winter sacrifice" with meat; Laba porridge
3, "wax, spring to catch the epidemic."
Laba Festival comes from the twelfth lunar month and is the most important festival in the twelfth lunar month. The date is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. It was called Laba Festival in ancient times, commonly known as Laba Festival.
Why do you want to eat Laba porridge on Laba Festival?
There is a saying among the people that "Laba porridge is inexhaustible, and there will be a bumper harvest after eating it" and "freezing Laba porridge in cold weather warms people's hearts". Laba has the custom of eating Laba porridge on this day. Laba porridge is also called "Qibao Wuwei porridge". China has a history of drinking Laba porridge for 1000 years. It first started in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it is the imperial court, the government, temples, or the people's homes, Laba porridge will be cooked.
On this day in Guanzhong area, every household should cook a pot of "Laba porridge" and have a good meal. Not only adults and dolls eat it, but also some animals, chickens and dogs, and put some on doors, walls and trees for good luck.
China has been drinking Laba porridge for more than 1000 years. It first started in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it is the imperial court, the government, temples, or the people's homes, Laba porridge will be cooked. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of drinking Laba porridge became more popular. At court, emperors, queens and princes give laba porridge to civil and military ministers and attendants, and distribute rice and fruit to monasteries for monks to eat. In the folk, every household should also make laba porridge to worship their ancestors; At the same time, family members get together for dinner and give gifts to relatives and friends.
The custom of eating "Laba porridge" on Laba Festival has a long history, and it has been rising since human beings entered the agricultural society. In ancient times, "wax" meant sacrifice. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China had the habit of offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, gods and ancestors together, and called this comprehensive sacrifice "joint sacrifice". This kind of sacrifice expresses a simple and kind psychological activity of ancient people, which means: you should thank the gods for their abundant food and agriculture all year round! So I chose to cook a pot of "Laba porridge" on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month to pay homage to the gods, celebrate the harvest and wish greater harvest in the coming year. This formed the custom of eating Laba porridge on Laba Festival. In the process of the inheritance of Laba Festival, there is also a legend that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, ate porridge cooked by a shepherd girl with apple glutinous rice dumplings on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month and became a Buddha under a bodhi tree. People who believe in Buddhism in later generations will recite scriptures and eat porridge on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, adding religious color to Laba Festival. Anyway, people eat Laba porridge to celebrate the harvest.
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