Urgently seek the history and development of medici family, and ask the help of the Great God.

Medici family is a noble family in Florence. The most important representatives are Cosimo Medici and Lorenzo Medici. We can't say that there would be no Italian Renaissance without medici family, but without medici family, the Italian Renaissance would certainly not be what we see today. The center of the Italian Renaissance is Florence, and most of the most famous artists are inextricably linked with this city. When we stroll through the World Art Museum to enjoy the Italian Renaissance Exhibition, and when our eyes pass over the names of Ma Saqiao, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian, Mantania and so on, perhaps we should know that there is another name shining behind these masters, that is, Medici. In fact, many works on display were originally collected by medici family, and many portraits and sculptures were made for members of this family. Even Florence uffizi gallery, the main source of exhibits, is the family's legacy. The ancestors of this family were originally Tuscan farmers, and later they became rich by running industry and commerce. /kloc-in the third century, he became a nobleman and joined the Florence government. Salvatore Medici, the first member of medici family, went down in history. He was 1378, the judicial standard-bearer (Florence's supreme judicial officer) when the Cardinal Uprising shook Florence. In 1378, Salwestero was elected as the chairman of the Florence Municipal Committee, but he was expelled from Florence after the collapse of the elected government in 138 1. Giovanni Medici revived medici family, and his bank made huge profits and became the richest man in Florence. His eldest son, Cosimo Medici, took over the Pope's finances on behalf of Medici Bank. 1433, Cosimo was sentenced to exile for 10 years due to the failure of the war against Lucca, but was recalled by the new Council of Elders the following year. He relied on the support of the people to expel the Albizi family. 1434, Cosimo established tyrant politics in Florence and became the uncrowned king of Florence. During the reign of Lorenzo, the grandson of Cosimo, in 1469, Pope Sikstus planned to kill his brother giuliano at the Easter Mass in the cathedral. Lorenzo won the support of the people in an extremely critical situation, foiled the Pope's plot, and forced King Ferdinand I of Naples to yield, thus maintaining the status of Florence. From then on, Lorenzo established his own imperial organization-the seventy-member conference, which replaced the old committee of 100. Make the government truly stable. 1494, the French army invaded Florence and pierrot, who succeeded Lorenzo, was expelled. 15 12, Lorenzo, the son of pierrot, resumed his rule in Florence with the support of the Spanish army. 1527, the family was expelled again, but returned to Florence under the protection of the holy Roman army three years later. Florence became a principality in 1532. 1567, Cosimo of this family won the title of Grand Duke. Two years later, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was established, known as Cosimo I. Florence became the capital of the Principality, and * * * and the country existed in name only. Medici family's rule in Florence lasted until 1737, and then it was ruled by Francis of Lorraine family. Cosimo once suffered from the premature death of his son Giovanni, who had high hopes, and worried that there would be no successors in the family. He didn't know that his grandson Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492) would be the most famous person in this family, and was called "luxury Lorenzo" in history. 1469 became the heir of medici family. Renaissance Italy highly advocated luxurious and dissolute life, and the money earned from business was used for pleasure or elegance. Machiavelli said: "Italian monarchs believe that a monarch's talent lies in his ability to appreciate spicy words, write beautifully worded letters, show his sharpness and wit between speeches, organize scams, decorate his body with gold and silver gems, eat and live more luxuriously than others, and enjoy everything." On the other hand, learning knowledge, painting and carving, singing and dancing all day is not a peaceful and prosperous time. At the same time, brilliant literature and art were born, as well as numerous alliances, betrayals and wars among city-states, numerous political intrigues, violent exile and bloody civil uprisings, not to mention endless quarrels and struggles, as well as mutual revenge and murder. Lorenzo de' Medici once narrowly escaped a political assassination. Yes 1478. With the support of Pope Sikstus IV, Patches, who was hostile to medici family, attacked Lorenzo and his brother giuliano in the church. Giuliano was killed by several knives, Lorenzo was rescued because of his flexible reaction, and he only survived by hiding in the sacristy storage room. Then riots broke out in the whole city. People supported Medici, assassins were brutally executed, and the streets were full of mutilated bodies. The Pope and the King of Naples declared war on Florence. Giuliano's death is reflected in Botticelli's Venus and Mars (now in the National Gallery of London). Lorenzo remembers the Brotherhood. Mars and Venus in the painting represent giuliano and his lover, who died of lung disease two years before him. Botticelli is medici family's favorite painter. The famous Birth of Venus and Spring were commissioned by Lorenzo's cousin to decorate his country house. Compared with his ancestors, Lorenzo's cultural literacy is undoubtedly better. He himself was a famous poet and art critic, surrounded by the best scholars, literati and artists at that time. He imitated the banquet in Plato's dialogue and organized scholars to have philosophical discussions. One of the most famous artists he sponsored was Leonardo da Vinci (who was later accused of living abroad, which was obviously unfair), and Michelangelo had a close relationship with medici family all his life. Lorenzo first noticed Michelangelo, who showed his talent very early and paid more attention to him. This 14-year-old boy went in and out of Lorenzo's palace, studied and watched a large number of works of art, and got along with the most famous humanist scholars and poets at that time, which had a self-evident impact on a teenager's skills, vision and values. Perhaps it is the contact with the humanistic thought of Medici's court that makes Michelangelo, who has served medici family for generations, become a capitalized "person" instead of a "royal artist". He was always sympathetic to medici family's opponents, who expelled medici family after Lorenzo's death and later died at the stake. Michelangelo, a middle-aged man, was entrusted by Pope Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, who was born in medici family, to build a mausoleum for medici family in Florence. This project has been on and off for 15 years. There are four famous statues on the sarcophagus of the mausoleum, which are sun, night, morning and sunset. There is also a statue in the mausoleum, which shows Lorenzo de' Medici. His handsome face and gorgeous clothes set off deep worries. Perhaps this is the artist's understanding of his first protector, the indulgence of eating, drinking and dancing and the shrewd and wise meditation go hand in hand. 1492 In April, "luxury" Lorenzo died of stomach trouble at the age of 44. Machiavelli's famous historical work "The History of Florence" also came to an abrupt end in this year. His evaluation of Lorenzo is: "(He) enjoys many benefits from God and the God of Destiny, and all his undertakings are thriving, while his enemies often encounter misfortune ... He speaks eloquently, wisely and decisively at government meetings, and implements it quickly and resolutely. Although he likes women and likes to be with humorous people ... Anyone who considers his serious side and happy side will find that he has two incompatible personalities ... In Florence, even in Italy, no one has ever been so famous for his intelligence and wisdom, and no one's death has caused such widespread grief ... "After Lorenzo's death, Florence quickly fell into chaos. Medici family was expelled twice in 1494 and 1527, and made a comeback twice, stubbornly ruling the city for hundreds of years. What causes a lot of dissatisfaction is tyrant politics and a family tradition of nepotism culture. For example, the required book for studying the history of Renaissance art today is Biography of Famous Italian Painters, Sculptors and Architects by George vasari (151-kloc-0/574). Vasari is also the founder of Florence Art Institute, one of the earliest fine arts institutes in Europe. This college was established with the support of Cosimo de Medici (15 19- 1574, the first generation archduke of Tuscany, known as Cosimo I in history, who revived medici family). Building churches and public facilities, rewarding culture, recruiting and funding artists, collecting books and manuscripts and opening them to the public, involving poetry, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, history, philosophy, political theory and other fields ... We can't say that there would be no Italian Renaissance without medici family, but without medici family, the Italian Renaissance would definitely not be what we see and understand today. Perhaps, as Buckhart said, "If we want to analyze the charm of medici family in the15th century, especially the old Cosimo and Lorenzo, for Florence and all their contemporaries, we will see that this charm lies in their few political talents, but in their numerous cultural leaders of the times." Medici family rewards culture, collects a large number of books and manuscripts, hides them in a villa called Plato Academy, and opens them to the public. Luo Zhi Michelangelo and other famous artists. With their help and encouragement, Florence became the birthplace and center of the European Renaissance, with outstanding achievements in poetry, painting, sculpture, architecture and music, and the research on history, philosophy and political theory was among the best in Italy. Salvestro Alammano de' Medici (1331–1388), a well-known member of the family, suppressed the uprising of carding workers and became the standard-bearer of justice in Florence. Giovanni de Medici (1360–1382) was expelled. Cosimo de Medici (1389–1464), the first tyrant in Florence, and Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1464), the founder of the Medici political dynasty, restored the family fortune, making medici family the richest family in Europe. In the golden age of the Renaissance, he led Florence Giovanni de Medici (1475–1523), namely Pope Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici Julio de Medici (1478–1534). That is, Pope Clemente VII Cosimo I de Medici (1519–1574), the first generation Grand Duke of Tuscany and the revived medici family Catherine de Medici (1519). French Queen Alessandro Otaviano de Medici (1535–1605), namely Pope Papa Leo Xi Ferdinand I de Medici (1549–1609), the third generation Grand Duke of Tuscany (.