Classical poetry, also known as "ancient style", has four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. In terms of rhythm, although there are certain rules and requirements, it does not emphasize antithesis, nor does it require every word to be even. Rhymes are also very wide, such as "Dong, Dong", "Jiang, Yang", "Yu, Yu" and "Xiao, Yao and Hao" with different rhymes, and all adjacent rhymes with similar rhymes can be used universally. Both flat and flat can be pledged, and flat and flat can be changed freely. There is no limit to the number of sentences in classical poetry. Every two sentences are connected to form a rhyme, which can be several rhymes, dozens of rhymes or even hundreds of rhymes. In terms of phonological form, ancient poems include Gu Zhuo's "difficult sentence style", Yuan He style close to metrical poems, Bailiang style rhyming with sentences, and ballad style with long narrative. Among the ancient poems, all those selected by the official departments and sung by music are collectively called "Yuefu Poems".
Metric poetry was formed in the Tang Dynasty, and it is called "modern poetry" or "modern poetry" to distinguish it from classical poetry, and it has been used ever since. Now they are collectively referred to as "metrical poems" and "quatrains". There are two kinds of metrical poems: five-character metrical poems and seven-character metrical poems, and each sentence must be a "metrical sentence" that conforms to the flat and flat metrical rules. Two of them are a couplet and a quadruple, but the second couplet and the third couplet require "antithesis". Half of the metrical poems, that is, four sentences connected together, are "quatrains", also called "truncated sentences". Metric poetry and metrical poetry are the same, but they are not necessarily opposite. Metric poems that are extended for more than four times are called "exclusion", also called "long law". There is no limit to the arrangement from five couplets to more than ten couplets, or even dozens of couplets, but no matter how many couplets, except the first couplet and the second couplet, the rest must be connected to each other, and the rules are the same. Whether it is a metrical poem, a quatrain or an arrangement, every antithesis (that is, every couplet) must rhyme; The first sentence may or may not rhyme. Usually, the first sentence of five words does not rhyme as a positive case, and the first sentence of seven words rhymes as a positive case. Rhyme must be based on the flat rhyme in "Flat Rhyme" and cannot be changed.
The so-called "Ping Shui Yun" was adapted by Liu Yuan in the Southern Song Dynasty according to the Sui Dynasty's "Qieyun" and the Northern Song Dynasty's "Jiyun", which simplified the original 206 to 65,438+007, which was a great merit. Since then, Wang Wenyu in the Jin Dynasty has deleted another rhyme, and it has become 106, which is still in use today. Because Liuyuan is a native of Pingshui (now Linfen, Shanxi), it is called "Pingshui Rhyme" in the world. Pingshui rhyme is divided into 30 flat tones, 29 upper tones, 30 lower tones, entering tone 17 and entering tone 106. Poets of all ages used rhyming books to determine the height and rhyme, and took this as the standard. No one dares to surpass them, which shows its great influence. Therefore, the rhythm of metrical poetry is much stricter than that of classical poetry, and it seems to be more difficult to learn. However, as long as you have a "rhyme book", you can recite four even formulas and master the rules and essentials, you can't learn.